Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC-2021)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21V66-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-2867-5
DESIGN AND STUDY OF CIRCUITS USING REVERSIBLE LOGIC
A P Sooriamala1 Aby K Thomas
Department of ECE, Alliance College
Department of ECE, Hindustan
of Engineering and Design, Alliance
Institute of Technology and Science,
University, Bangalore India
Chennai India
sooriavasee@gmail.com
2021 Second International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) | 978-1-6654-2867-5/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICESC51422.2021.9532793
Abstract—In VLSI systems design, reversible Logic has
gained importance for Reducing power. This paper focuses
on designing of sequential circuits and reducing the number
of constant inputs - CI and the garbage outputs - GO. Basic
reversible gates are used to build sequential circuits. D Flip
flop, Latch and RAM cell are developed. All circuits are
VHDL coded on Xilinx tool, simulated and verified.
Reduction in CI of more than 33 percent and GO of more
than 80 percent is achieved. This is achieved by properly
reusing the outputs for configuring the constant input of
other gates.
Keywords — Reversible logic, Sequential circuits, Flip
Flop, Latch, RAM cell, CI, GO
.I INTRODUCTION
In latest VLSI circuits design Moore's law works exactly
the way it was defined. Moore's law predicted that number
of transistors in a chip area will double every 24 months [2].
That brings the requirement of handling the heat energy
dissipated by those transistors. According to Rolf Landauer,
in 1961[1] on computation of every bit the irreversible /
conventional system design approach consumes
Heat energy = KT ln2 ...(1)
Where K is the Boltzmann’s constant equal to 1.3807 ×
10-23m2kg2k-1(J/K) and T is the temperature in Kelvin [3][4].
C.H.Bennet 1973, correlate this heat loss with the
information lost and stated the heat can be saved by using the
reversible logic which does not dissipate heat [3][4].
We learn basically the benefits of the reversible systems
over the irreversible systems from the “Thermodynamics”
and the concept of reversibility in the digital hardware design
for low power design. Reversible gates do not cause heat
dissipation as there will be no loss of data [3][2]. By not
destroying the information bits the power consumption can
be reduced drastically.
In reversible logic circuits number of inputs and number
of outputs are equal. This is achieved by adding constant
inputs (CI) and garbage outputs (GO). They are not
needed for the computation. This paper is proposed to study
and design sequential circuits using reversible Logic and to
compare the CI and GO of existing reversible logic circuits
with the new design.
II REVERSIBLE LOGIC
In reversible circuit each input is mapped to an output.
[6] CNOT, Feynman, Fredkin, Double Feynman, Toffoli,
Peres, Sayem and TSG are some basic reversible Gates.
[18]MLMRG 4x4 is a custom built gate. There are custom
built gates of 5x5 and 6x6 configuration. The same gates can
be used for other applications also. A gate which can perform
all Boolean functions is a universal gate. A gate called 'new
978-1-6654-2867-5/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
Reeba Korah
Department of ECE, Alliance College
of Engineering and Design, Alliance
University, Bangalore India
gate' 3x3 is built [19] as universal gate to perform all
Boolean functions. Using this Adder circuits and other
combinational circuits are built with reduced number of
gates.
Reversible Logic has the following Rules,
 same number of inputs and outputs
 CI and GO to be added to maintain rule #1
 CI and GO should be less
 Unique input to output pattern
 Fan-out, loop back and branching are not allowed
Implications of Reversibility
As Fredkin and Tofolli (1981) [15] point out, duplication
of signals need to use gates. Feynman gate (Fig.3) is used
with B=0 for this purpose. In minimizing a given function
reversibly, we cannot assume free fan-out. There is a 1 : 1
mapping between input bit and output bit. NOT is a
logically reversible gate. AND is logically irreversible gate.
By knowing 0 at the output of an AND, we can not deduce
what the input was. This gate is logically irreversible. The
AND gate has 2 inputs and 1 output. Information worth of
one bit has been lost. Landauer[1]discovered that the heat
from computation was due to the loss of information (wiping
out bits of information) and not due to the processing of bits.
This is Landauer’s Principle[1]. Power dissipation of
reversible computer, under ideal physical circumstances, is
zero.
GO and CI are the outputs and inputs added to a function
to make it reversible. The correlation between the number of
GO, CI, Input and output is given as output + GO equals
Input + CI
III LITERATURE SURVEY
[5]The authors have synthesized some Flipflops using
reversible logic. Both pulse and edge triggered Flipflops are
synthesized. The authors used Feynman Gate(FG), Fredkin
gate and New Gate (NG) to build the circuits. The circuits
have more number of gates and GO. D Flipflop is designed
with 4 NG gates and 3 FG. Number of CI is 7 and GO is 8.
[6]In this work, optimized designs of some reversible
sequential circuits are presented. Different Latches and their
corresponding reversible master-slave Flipflop are designed.
The authors have used a Fredkin gate at the output of a latch
to design a asynchronous set/reset D latch and the master-
slave D Flipflop. D Flipflop is designed with 1 fredkin gate
and 2 Feynman gates. Number of CIs is 2 and GO is 2.
[7]proposes the design of reversible D-latch, reversible T
Flip flop and four bit counters using reversible T Flip flop.
D Latch is built with 1 SG gate (Sayem gate) and 1
Feynman gate. Number of CI is 2 and GO is 2.
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