Magnetic flux

• -the magnetic field through the area of the loop is characterised by magnetic flux
• -is directly proportional to the B
• -is directly proportional to the loops area
• -unit: weber (WB)

• -the closer the loop is to the magnet the stronger the magnetic flux density in the middle
• -density (number of MFL) through the area of the loop; is directly proportional to the B

-through the area of the loop perpendicular to the B

-when the area is not perpendicular to the MFL

*( is the angle between B and line perpendicular to the face of the loop)

-if the loops os parallel to the MFL, then = 0Wb

-if the loop is perpendicula to the MFL then is maximum

Magnetic flux through a coil

Is eqaul to the product number of loops and the magnetic flux through one loop

Change in through the coil

-Can be caused by:

➢ Change in B:
➢ Change in position of the coil in MF:
➢ Change in the area of loops

Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic induction
-the process in which EMF is produced due to the relative motion of the magnet from the coil or coil from the magnet
OR: when current is produced in conductors= induced current, this phenomenon is called elect. mag. induction
Induced current= current produced in a wire due to a changing mag. field
-is induced when:
• The conductor is moving in a MF
• The magnet passes through the coil
• There is change in a current in the first circuit
->then current is produced in conductors (induced current)-this phenomenom is called electromagnetic induction
Electromotive force (induced)= EMF produced by electromagnetic induction
- when:
• Conductor is moving in a stationary MF
• Conductor is at rest in a non-stationary MF
• Conductor is moving in a non-stationary MF
 Examples:
-> moving conductor in a MF
-perpendicular to the MF
-the mag.force exerts on free e- moving in the conductor
-random motion of free e- is changing into arranged motion of free e- in a moving conductor
-when the conductor is moving in a MF then there is current flowing through it
-> non-stationary magnetic appearances
-

➔ Mag.field is changing, is created, is stopped

-> motion of the magnet into and out of the coil

-the coil is in non stationary magnetic field, the arrow of an ammeter is deflected-> current is flowing in the circuit

-> two coils connected by one core

Results of Faraday’s investigation

-if the flux through a loop of wire changes by an amount over a brief time interval ,the induced EMF at this
instant is:
direction

Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction

-the induced EMF is directly proportional to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit
Induced EMF through the coil:
Lenz´s Law
- the direction of an induced current is such that the induced magnetic field always opposes the change in the flux

Self-induction- Is the phenomenon when the coil is in own non-stationary mag.field

• when a changing current passes through a coil a changing mag. flux is produced inside the coil,
and this in turn induces emf
• when we open or close the circuit in which there is coil, the coil is in own non-stationary mag.field
-the change in magnetic flux is directly proportional to the current change:
Inductance of the coil=L-physical quantity characterises the properties of the coil
-unit: Henry (H) • N-number of turns <-Change in mag.flux density
• S-cross-sectional area of the coil
• l-length of coil <-Change in mag.flux
density through coil
• -permeability of the core of coil

Self induction according to Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction

-Ui-induced EMF during self-induction
Direction of induced current & induced EMF
• If the current through • if the current through the coil
the coil is increasing, is decreasing, the decreasing
the increasing magnetic flux magnetic flux induces an emf in
induces and emf that the direction of the original current
opposes the original surrent
that tends to retard its increase

Energy stored in magnetic field