Mpakbmbkòe ji am tihrîm baískbm, bkietîckbm y ji ams riambkheis dunmems

FM_IE AK\IZD _YIJM, KJ 7;:797 

[IE[ ZMZKMEM OAMEBH BH_\H, KJ 7;=4;2

MEGKI LYAKMEM BDKEBDKAAM EIK_M, KJ 72:4=4

Mjnkekstrmbkòe ji Inprisms, Bhrphrmbkòe Yekvirsktmrkm

Nkeuth ji Jkhs

 E_B =::< Ketrhjubbkòe m am

am Mjnkekstrmbkòe

Maixmejir _iyis Lmknis

Luakh ?9, ?0?=

 

Ketrhjubbkòe

Phjinhs ivkjiebkmr ahs jkcirietis prhbishs y mbtkvkjmjis ji am inprism MZDIEM CHHJR

RM, aîjir ie ia nirbmjh gahoma ji am ixphrtmbkòe
ixphrtmb kòe ji bmrei ji Mnërkbm jia sur, am bhnpmýîm
tkiei maths ekviais ji bmakjmj, ixphrtmejh ixbiaiebkm ie Mrgietkem, Bdkai, Bhahnokm,
Pmrmgumy y Yrugumy.

Am inprism mpakbm ahs prkebkpkhs ji Diery Cmyha, bmrmbtirkzíejhsi

bmrmbt irkzíejhsi phr ia trmomlh ie iqukph,
kekbkmtkvm, iqukjmj, istmokakjmj, hrjie, bietrmakzmbkòe, lirmrquîm, y ixbiaieti rinueirmbkòe
grmbkms m iaah dm trmsbiejkjh phr su rietmokakjmj, ahs trmomlmjhris luigme ue pmpia brubkma ie ia
bunpaknkieth jia bribknkieth y ixpmeskòe ie ia nirbmjh, buietme bhe uem ixbiaieti
bhhrjkembkòe ie thjhs ahs ínokths, y uem grme skebrhekzmbkòe ji thjhs ahs iainieths y írims.

MZDIEM CHHJR RM

•   Nkskòe

Runkekstrmr maknieths ji bmakjmj m ekvia nuejkma, nmetiekiejh am risphesmokakjmj shbkh-

ibheònkbm y mnokietma. Mtdiem mbtüm jisji ue math ekvia ji ickbkiebkm
i ckbkiebkm hpirmbkhema,
 prhnhvkiejh ia iqukph
iqukph y vmahrmejh m sus in
inpaimjhs,
paimjhs, buatkvmejh ia rispith y am bheckmezm ie
ams írims ji eighbkh ie qui hpirm.

•   Skskòe

Rir am inprism nís ickbkieti

ickbki eti skinpri ousbmejh nmxknkzmr ia rithreh jia bmpktma kevirtkjh ie
thjhs sus signieths ji eighbkh bhe phaîtkbms ji gistkòe ji rkisghs mjibumjms.

•   Holitkvhs

Am Bhnpmýîm smoi ia vmahr ji uem maknietmbkòe smem y mtkieji ahs nís ixkgietis ekviais ji
bmakjmj y smohr ji ahs nirbmjhs nís shckstkbmjhs.
shckst kbmjhs.

Mtdiem Chhjs hcribi m sus bakietis prhjubths

prh jubths ji math ekvia bhe nmrbms ribhehbkjms

ketirembkhemanieti, ixphrtmejh ixbiaiebkm y bmakjmj m ahs bumtrh rkebheis jia nuejh.

 

•   Prkebkpkhs y vmahris bhrphrmtkvhs

Ketigrkjmj, bhnprhnksh, risphesmokakjmj, kekbkmtkvm y bhhpirmbkòe.

•   Mbtkvkjmj ibheònkbm

=0== - Prhbismnkieth y bhesirvmbkòe ji bmrei y prhjubths bírekbhs.

•   Prkebkpmais prhjubths h sirvkbkhs qui hcribi

Mtdiem Chhjs is uem inprism qui pirtieibi m Nkeirvm R/M. Aîjir ie ia nirbmjh gahoma
g ahoma ji
ixphrtmbkòe ji bmrei ji Mnërkbm jia Rur, sus hpirmbkheis istíe uokbmjms ie Mrgietkem, Bdkai,
Bhahnokm, Pmrmgumy y Yrugumy.

•   Hrgmekgrmnm

Istrubturm ji ghoiremezm

Am istrubturm ji ghokireh ji Mtdiem Chhjs kebauyi su prhpkh Bhesilh Mjnkekstrmtkvh y Luetm

Ilibutkvm. Jiokjh m qui ia bhetrha ji sus mbbkhekstms is thtmanieti prhpkijmj ji Nkeirvm
Chhjs, ams jibkskheis istrmtëgkbms istíe makeimjms
ma keimjms bhe ahs bhnktës y am mujkthrîm ji am inprism
nmtrkz.

Bhesilh Mjnkekstrmtkvh

Ia Bhesilh Mjnkekstrmtkvh, riprisietm m ahs mbbkhekstms y tkiei

t kiei ietri sus risphesmokakjmjis ia
ia
ji jickekr istrmtigkms bhnirbkmais, bheskjirmejh ahs icibths ji ams mbtkvkjmjis
mbt kvkjmjis ie am shbkijmj

y ia nijkhmnokieti, bhe ia holitkvh ji pirpitumr am inprism y brimr vmahr m amrgh pamzh6

 prhtigir y vmahrmr ahs okieis6 pirkòjkbmnieti
pirkòjkbmnieti ivmaumr am ixphskbkòe ma rkisgh y am ickbmbkm ji
ahs skstinms ji gistkòe
gist kòe ji rkisghs, ahs bhetrhais ketirehs y ia skstinm ji
ketigrkjmj/bhechrnkjmj6 jickekr ahs vmahris y prkebkpkhs ëtkbhs ketirehs y msigurmr ia
nmetieknkieth ji am trmespmriebkm ie ah qui rispibtm m am riambkòe bhe thjms ams pmrtis
ketirismjms6 y ixmnkemr meumanieti ia skstinm
sksti nm ji ghoiremezm inprismrkma bhe nkrms ji
munietmr su ickbmbkm, y supirvksmr su bunpaknkieth.

Ri bhnphei ji skiti msishris iaigkjhs jurmeti am Luetm

L uetm Gieirma, phr ue pirîhjh ji tris mýhs,
bhe am phskokakjmj ji sir riiaigkjhs. Ie ia bmsh ji qui si prhjuzbm uem vmbmeti jurmeti ia
 

 pirîhjh, ia Bhesilh
Bhesilh puiji iaigkr ue msishr prhvkskhema dmstm qui si rimakbi am prknirm
msmnoaim gieirma hrjkemrkm h bumejh si iaklm
i aklm am bhnphskbkòe bhnpaitm jia òr
òrgmeh.
gmeh.

Ahs msishris si riüeie niesumanieti y puijie sir bktmjhs

b ktmjhs pmrm uem siskòe ixtrmhrjkemrkm m
jitirnkembkòe jia priskjieti jia buirph, sk is shakbktmjh phr bumaqukir nkinorh  skinpri
 skinpri
 ‒ 

qui ia priskjieti bheskietm h bumejh am jinmejm sim ji am nmyhrîm

nmyhrîm m oshautm ji ahs jkribthris.

Luetm Ilibutkvm

Ahs jkribthris ilibutkvhs she ehnormjhs phr ia Bhesilh Mjnkekstrmtkvh ji Mtdiem Chhjs y
tkieie, ietri sus cuebk
cuebkheis,
heis, bhhrjkemr am hrgmekzmbkòe ketirem, mjhpbkòe ji jibkskheis y
hpirmbkheis bhtkjkmems, mjinís ji mpakbmr ams phaîtkbms y jkribtrkbis gieirmais istmoaibkjms
 pirkòjkbmnieti phr ia Bhesilh.
Bhesilh. Ahs istmtuths ji Mtdiem riqukirie qui am Bhnpmýîm tiegm ma
niehs ue jkribthr ilibutkvh.

Mbtumanieti, am Luetm Ilibutkvm istí chrnmjm

chr nmjm phr jhs nkino
nkinorhs,
rhs, ue jkribthr ilibutkvh
ilibut kvh (BIH)
y ue jkribthr Ckemebkirh (BCH).

Bhnktës Msishris jia Bhesilh Mjnkekstrmtkvh

Ia Bhnktë ji _kisghs  Rke

 Rke ketigrmr am istrubturm
 ‒  istrubt urm istmtutmrkm ji am Bhnpmýîm, memakzm ia
iethreh ibheònkbh ormskaiýh y nuejkma, jitibtmejh sus phskoais knpmbths ie ams hpirmbkheis
y eighbkhs ji Mtdiem Chhjs, y mskstkiejh ma BIH y ma Bhesilh Mjnkekstrmtkvh ie am
jickekbkòe ji ams phaîtkbms ji bhoirturm y ckemebkirms.

Ia Bhnktë Ckemebkirh  Ru nkskòe is ji mskstkr ia

 ‒  i a Bhesilh Mjnkekstrmtkvh ie am supirvkskòe y
ivmaumbkòe ji am ickbmbkm ji ams phaîtkbms ckemebkirms mpakbmjms, ie ia bunpaknkieth ji sus
risphesmokakjmjis, kebauyiejh am inkskòe ji ribhniejmbkheis shori rkisghs y istrmtigkms ji
nktkgmbkòe, bhe ia cke ji bhecirkr nmyhr ickbkiebkm y bmakjmj m ams jibkskheis.

Bhnktë Istrmtëgkbh ji Kevirskheis

K evirskheis  Mphym
 Mphym ia Bhesilh Mjnkekstrmtkvh ie ia meíaksks y am
 ‒ 

chrnuambkòe ji ribhniejmbkheis m ams prhpuistms ji ahs pameis istrmtëgkbhs y bhnirbkmais y

ji htrms jkribtrkbis y hrkietmbkheis riambkhemjms bhe ams istrmtigkms ji am Bhnpmýîm. Mjinís,
bhrrispheji ma bhnktë kjietkckbmr y memakzmr ams phskoais hphrtuek
hphrtuekjmjis
jmjis ji eighbkh
ei ghbkh y jiomtkr
htrms buistkheis qui ia Bhesilh bheskjiri pirtkeietis.
 

?. _isphejme ahs skgukietis ketirrhgmetis shori am inprism, bhe omsi ie ahs

pametimnkieths ji ahs muthris bktmjhs. Mjinís, rispmajie sus rispuistms bhe
mrgunieths rkgurhshs y jkcirietis mphrtis, nîeknh ji jhs muthris. Dmgme ams
riciriebkms bhrrisphejkietis.

  ¸Buía is am istrubturm hrgmekzmbkhema ji am inprism y quë iainieths bheskjirme

qui si riambkheme bhe ahs =: prkebkpkhs pametimjhs phr Dierk Cmyha8 Bamskcîquiahs ji
mbuirjh bhe am jkvkskòe jia trmomlh, am lirmrquîm y am muthrkjmj.

Am istrubturm hrgmekzmbkhema ji am inprism is bietrmakzmjm ym qui, sk am ueknhs m ahs

 prkebkpkhs ji Dierk Cmyha,
Cmyha, ie istm hrgmekzmbkòe si bunpai bhe == ji ahs =: prkebk
prkebkpkhs,
pkhs, ym qui
isths prkebkpkhs ji Cmyha istíe piesmjhs pmrm am bhrribtm
bhrr ibtm mjnkekstrmbkòe y jkribbkòe ji
inprisms, bhnh dirrmnkietms ütkais qui dme trmsbiejkjh m ah amrgh ji ahs mýhs y dme msietmjh
ams omsis pmrm ia jismrrhaah
jismrr haah ahs nëthjhs ji jkribbkòe mbtumais. Zhjms iaams tkieie
t kieie ie buietm ia
cmbthr dunmeh bhnh nhthr jia ouie cuebkhemnkieth
cuebkhemnkieth ji am inprism, uem kjim qui si prisietm
bhnh nuy mbtuma, pirh qui bkie mýhs mtrís ym cui mpakbmjm y jismrrhaamjm phr
ph r Dierk Cmyha,
istmoaibkiejh ams omsis ji ahs nhjiahs mbtumais nís keehvmjhris.

Mtdiem Chhjs RM, mpmrti ji sir uem inprism aîjir ie nirbmjh ji ixphrtmbkòe ji bmrei
 ohvkem, tkiei jitrís ji iaam siris dunmehs nuy
nuy ouiehs i ketigrmjhs qui dme ahgrmjh
ahgrmjh qui am
inprism y ahs inpaimjhs
i npaimjhs siríe ribhehbkjhs phr su jisinpiýh
jisi npiýh y prhjubtkvkjmj, skinpri
kebietkvmejh m sir nilhris tmeth ie ah amohrma bhnh
bh nh ah pirshema, is phr ish qui isths ==
 prkebkpkhs am jickeie thtmanieti<

=.  Jkvkskòe jia trmomlh.

?.  Muthrkjmj.
2.  Jksbkpakem.
:.  Yekjmj ji jkribbkòe
9.  _inueirmbkòe
3.  Lirmrquîm
7.  Bietrmakzmbkòe
4.  Hrjie
;.  Iqukjmj
=0. Kekbkmtkvm
==. Ispîrktu ji buirph
 

•   Rigüe ia istujkh ji tkinphs y nhvknkieths, rimakzmjh phr Crijirkbf Zmyahr, ¸buíais

bheskjirme qui she ahs iainieths qui tkieie riambkòe bhe ahs prhbishs prhjubtkvhs
jismrrhaamjhs ie am inprism y ji quë nmeirm mphrtme m am bhnpitktkvkjmj8 Lustkckquie su

rispuistm.

Rigüe ia istujkh ji Crijirkbf Zmyahr ahs iainieths qui tkieie riambkòe bhe ahs prhbishs
prhbish s
jismrrhaamjhs ie am inprism rispibth m ia istujkh ji tkinphs, qui is uem tëbekbm ji nijkbkòe
nijkbkòe
jia trmomlh inpaimjm pmrm rigkstrmr ahs tkinphs ji trmomlh y mbtk
mbtkvkjmjis
vkjmjis bhrrisphejkietis m ams
hpirmbkheis ji uem tmrim jickekjm, icibtumjm ie bhejkbkheis jitirnkemjms,
jitir nkemjms, bhe ia cke ji
memakzmr ahs jmths y phjir bmabuamr ia tkinph riquirkjh pmrm icibtumr am tmrim sigüe ue nëthjh
ji ilibubkòe istmoaibkjh. Ru ckemakjmj bhesksti ie istmoaibir nijkjms h ehrnms ji
riejknkieth pmrm am ilibubkòe ji uem tmrim. (Bruiaais , p. :2)

Isti nëthjh pirnkti m am inprism gieiri uehs holitkvhs bamvis

b amvis bhnh ah she< nkeknkzmr ia
tkinph riquirkjh pmrm am ilibubkòe ji trmomlhs, bhesirvmr ahs riburshs
rib urshs y nkeknkzmr ahs bhsths,
icibtumr am prhjubbkòe ske pirjir ia runoh y ah qui si qukiri jmr ma bakieti, prhphrbkhemr ue
 prhjubth qui is bmjm viz nís bheckmoai y ji matm bmakjmj pmrm ia bhesunh, bhnh ah is aamm
bmrei. Maknietmr m ams pirshems, bhesirvmr i a pameitm y vmahrmr ma sir dunmeh she bhebipths
cuejmnietmais pmrm am hpirmbkòe ji am inprism, ams príbtkbms ji gmemjirîm shstiekoai
jksbkpakeme ia bhnprhnksh shbkma, mnokietma y ibheònkbh pmrm ams bmjiems ji vmahr ji
 prhjubbkòe, prhbismnkieth
prhbismnkieth y jkstrkoubkòe ji maknieths ji bmakjmj. 
bmakjmj. 

•   Ahs pametimnkieths ji am tihrîm ji ams riambkheis dunmems she prhjubth jia

ixpirknieth ji Dmwtdhrei, jismrrhaamjh phr Iathe Nmyh.
Nm yh. ¸Bònh puijie riambkhemr ie am
inprism ams bhebauskheis istmoaibkjms ie isti ixpirknieth8

Am tihrîm ji ams riambkheis

ri ambkheis dunmems is uem tihrîm jismrrhaamjm phr Iathe Nmyh qui kejkbm qui
am pmrti nís knphrtmeti y jistmbmjm ji uem hrgmekzmbkòe
hr gmekzmbkòe is am dunmem. Mjinís, bhestmtm qui
uem pirshem istí nís bheibtmjm bhe ia okieistmr qui ai rhjim, ie bumeth ma gruph ma qui
 pirtieibi, h ia ínokth, qui am prhpkm
prhpkm tmrim qui jismrrhaam.

Am inprism MZDIEM CHHJR riambkhem ams bhebauskheis istmoaibkjms phr Iathe Nmyh, ie ue
 ouie iqukph ji trmomlh,
trmomlh, jheji ia ketirës bhnüe is knphrtmeti y aahs
hs inpaimjhs eh shah phr sir
inpaimjhs chrnme pmrti knphrtmeti ji am hrgmekzmbkòe ma kguma qui sus cmnkakms,
cm nkakms, ie ia
 

ixpirknieth ahs kevistkgmjhris aaigmrhe m am bhebauskòe ji qui ahs inpaimjhs

i npaimjhs phejrîme nís
inpiýh ie ia trmomlh sk pkiesme qui am giriebkm si ketirism phr su okieistmr y ahs supirvkshris
s upirvkshris
ai pristme mtiebkòe ispibkma m su jisinpiýh.
jisi npiýh. Ams bhebauskheis ji Nmyh cuirhe qui am
bhejubtm y ahs sietknkieths istmome riambkhemjhs nuy ji birbm, qui ams kecauiebkms jia gruph
mcibtme ji nmeirm skgekckbmtkvm ia bhnphrtmnkieth
bh nphrtmnkieth kejkvkjuma,
kejkvkjuma, qui ams ehrnms jia gruph
istmoaibie am prhjubtkvkjmj kejkvkjuma jia trmomlmjhr, y qui ia jkeirh irm ue cmbthr niehs
knphrtmeti pmrm jitirnkemr am prhjubtkvkjmj qui ahs istíejmris, ahs sietknkieths y am
sigurkjmj jia gruph.

Is phr ish qui am inprism niesumanieti biaiorm ahs bunpaimýhs ji ahs inpaimjhs, si
rimakzme bmpmbktmbkheis ji thjh tkph
t kph pmrm ia pirshema mjnkekstrmtkvh y prhjubtkvh, kevhaubrm
kevhaubrm m
ams cmnkakms ji bmjm inpaimjh skiejh istms tmnokëe knphrtmetis pmrm am hrgmekzmbkòe.

Nís qui kebietkvh ibheònkbh is ue kebietkvh inhbkhema, ma sietkrsi virjmjirmnieti pmrti

pmrt i ji
am inprism y eh shah ue inpaimjh nís, qui thjhs jisji su uokbmbkòe y phskbkòe ie ia trmomlh
is knphrtmeti y qui ia bribknkieth y prhgrish ji am inprism
i nprism jipieji ji bmjm ueh, msî bhnh
ah is pirshemanieti.

2.  Ji mbuirjh bhe ahs risuatmjhs hotiekjhs ie ia îtin metirkhr, prhphegme mbbkheis
ji nilhrm, pmrm qui am inprism puijm mabmezmr ahs ekviais ji bhnpitktkvkjmj sigüe
ams ixkgiebkms jia nirbmjh.

Mbbkheis ji nilhrm pmrm qui am inprism ZDIEM CHHJR RM mabmebi ekviais maths ji
bhnpitktkvkjmj

Istmoaibir istrmtigkms inprismrkmais

i nprismrkmais bhe ia cke ji ahgrmr ams nitms y holitkvhs, y qui nilhr si
mjibui ji mbuirjh m ams bmrmbtirîstkbms ji am inprism MZDIEM CHHJR RM, ietri iaams si
iebuietrm<

·  Knpuasmr m trmvës
t rmvës ji am tibehahgîm su sirvkbkh y bhetmbtmr euivhs
euivhs bakietis y
 prhviijhris.

·  _ijubkr bhsths y nmxknkzmr y bmpmbkjmjis

·  Kebrinietmr smtkscmbbkòe ji ahs bakietis

·  Nilhrmr ahs prhbishs y jisinpiýh

·  Ixpmejkrsi m euivhs nirbmjhs

 

Bhebauskheis

=.  Ia mjnkekstrmjhr jioi tieir uem vkskòe qui ai pirnktm thnmr jibkskheis y iecrietmrsi m
ue nuejh bhnpitktkvh
?.  Dmy qui tieir uem ouiem hrgmekzmbkòe ie ia trmomlh y ma nksnh tkinph jioi dmoir
vmrkms isbmams ji trmomlmjhris, qui bmjm qukie rimakbi sus tmrims qui ai she mskgemjms
 pmrm tieir ue grme riejknkieth,
riejknkieth, orkejíejhais ia ispmbkh pmrm bmpmbktmrahs y
sunkekstrmr ahs bhehbknkieths eibismrkhs pmrm am rimakzmbkòe ji su amohr.
2.  Ia kebheviekieti qui si puiji hosirvmr, ji am tihrîm ji Zmyahr is qui ie nubdms
inprisms ia trmomlmjhr, shah irm ispibkmakzmjh ie ue írim, eh rimakzmom ekegüe trmomlh
jkcirieti m su amohr m rmîz ji iaah am inprism tieîm qui ousbmr trmomlmjhris
ispibkmakzmjhs ie bmjm írim , htrh pueth eigmtkvh is qui ia inpaimjh shah trmomlmom
 phr kebietkvhs ibheònkbhs
ibheònkbhs ske knphrtmr am smtkscmbbkòe qui pujkirm mphrtmr phr
rimakzmr su trmomlh,
tr momlh, eh hostmeti, eh si puiji jisbhe
jisbhehbir
hbir qui am tihrîm ji Zmya
Zmyahr
hr
skgekckbò ue grme mvmebi ie am mjnkekstrmbkòe ji ams inprisms
i nprisms aaivíejhams m ue grme
 prhgrish, tiekiejh nmyhr
nmyhr prhjubtkvkjmj y prhspirkjmj.
 

_iciriebkms

dttps<//www.mtdchhjs.bhn/
dttps<//www.mtdchhjs.bhn/  

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dttps<//www.gistkhphaks.bhn/ia-istujkh-ji-tkinphs-y-nhvknkieths/ 

dttps<//www.gistkhphaks.bhn/dmwtdhrei-hrkgie-ji-am-tihrkm-ji-ams-riambkheis-dunmems/  
dttps<//www.gistkhphaks.bhn/dmwtdhrei-hrkgie-ji-am-tihrkm-ji-ams-riambkheis-dunmems/

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dttps<//ibhehnkpijkm.bhn/jickekbkheis/tihrkm-ji-ams-riambkheis-dunmems.dtna

dttps<//ibhehnkpijkm.bhn/jickekbkheis/=:-prkebkpkhs-ji-mjnkekstrmbkhe-dierk-cmyha.dtna 
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