Budding > The process of connecting scion (which is a bud) and rootstock in a manner such that they may unite and grow successfully as ong plant is termed as ‘budding? > The budding has two components; bud and bud uniting part (the scion is inserted into the stem tissue of the rootstock so that two components unite together, grow and eventually develop into a composite plant) » The bud which develops framework branches, flowers and fruits is termed as ‘scion’ or ‘cion’ > The portion over which bud is united, which provides supportive stem and root system to the plant is termed as ‘root-stock’ or ‘stock? o® In budding, scion consists of only one bud and small portion of the bark > Budding is a form of grafting and often termed as "bud grafting" Advantages of budding 1, Itis.a quick and efficient method of propagation as compared to grafting 2. It is the best propagation method if propagating material is scarce 3. Budding is useful in plants, which release excessive wound gum (e.g. stone fruits) from injury carried to xylem or wood portion of stem at the time of grafting 4. Budding results into stronger union compared to grafting thus injury to the budded plants due to storms and strong winds is less 5. It is comparatively simple method of propagation than grafting and can be done by amateurs* SSNs In general, the success of a particular budding method depends upon the bark's slipping ability of stock and scion “ It denotes that period of the year when plant is in its active phase of growth, cambium cells are actively dividing and the bark can be easily separated from the wood The budding process can be influence so many factors like; moisture stress, infection by insect pests and diseases, defoliation or even low temperature and these reduce the growth and results in tissue tightening Among different methods of budding, chip budding can only be done when bark is not slipping The rootstocks are play prominent role in the success of budding The selection of bud wood is important for success of budding Always use vegetative buds than the flowering buds for budding The vegetative buds are usually small and pointed, while the flower buds are large and plumpy Budding is practised during the period when active sap flow is going on and the plant is growing successfully During this period, taking out bud from scion stick becomes easy and also due to continued division of eambium cell, the chance of union of bud with rootstock increases Spring (March-April), summer (May-June) and rainy season (July- September) are considered suitable time for budding Rootstock of 1 to 2 year age having pencil thickness is selected for the purpose of buddingDifferent times of budding: - {The time at which budding is to be done usually depends upon the availability of well developed bud wood of the desired cultivar, when the plant is in its active growth, cambium cells are actively dividing and bark separates easily from the wood > In most of plants, these conditions exist at three different times during the year = Fall budding:- In fall budding, the budding actually done in late summer rather than in fall from mid June to mid September & bud sticks, consisting of current season’s shoots are obtained at or near the time of budding ‘The bud sticks should be vigorous and contain healthy vegetative buds Short, diseased shoots and contain Moral buds should be avoided " Every effort should be made to select the bud wood from healthy plants as the infected bud sticks may infect all the budded plants in nursery with one or the other disease he vegetative buds are small and pointed while flower buds are round and plumpy = Most of the tropical, sub-tropical and temperate fruit plants like aonla, mango, guava, ber, bael, jacktruit, stone fruits, walnut, chestnut and hazelnuts are propagated during this period Spring budding In this budding is done in spring when the bark separates easily from the wood and when rootstock is also in its active stage growth This period is very limited and budding should be completed soon before the rootstock has made much growth “rR <Bud wood is collected from healthy plants as in fall budding In spring budding, the buds must be dormant and the stock must be in active growth It must be assured that bud sticks are collected well in advance of actual budding operation and stored at 32-40°F temperature to hold them dormant by wrapping them in moist news-paper or sphagnum moss grass In spring budding, actual operation should be done as soon as the bark slips easily on the rootstock Due to combination of dormant bud & active growing rootstock, bud sprouts & develops easi e fall budding, rootstock top is cut after 2-3 weeks after budding when healing has taken place The stock should be eut by giving a slanting cut and it is commonly followed in citrus June budding June budding is done in the early part of the growing season i. forced into growth immediately in the same season June budding is usually done to get one year old budded tree in one growing season The bud wood used in June budding consists of current season’s growth i.e. of new shoots, which have developed in the spring At this time, the buds do not enter rest period and continue to grow in summer, producing the top of the budded seedling ¥ The actual operation of budding and post budding operation in June budding are different, in June budding, the rootstocks are smaller and have less stored food in them ¥ Further, the budding is done at relatively higher height of the stork stem KAM KEK KK June and the inserted bud is aKY Usually, 3-4 leaves are retained below the bud In most cases, the buds on the basal or central portion should be used ¥ After the budding, no special care of the stock is done up (o spring except to cut the stock above the union Y Itis done only afier the bud has started sprouting ¥ The healing of the bud union usually takes place within 2-3 weeks under normal environmental conditions Y Ifleaf stalks or petiole drops off cleanly, it is good indication that the bud has united and if it has adhered strongly and starts shrivelling and darken, it may be assumed that budding operation has failed Y The healing process is faster due to high’ active growth of the stock at relatively high temperature and favourable growing conditions ¥ The rootstock is immediately cut after healing process, leaving at least one leaf above the bud and several below by giving a slanting cut to the stock and they will force the bud to grow and check terminal growth of the stock ¥ The shoots arising from the stock should be headed back to suppress their growth ¥ June budding is common in stone fruits like peach, plum apricot, cherry, nectarines, ber and aonlaTypes of budding 1. Shield budding ¥ In this method, boat shaped bud of 2.5 to 3.0 cm length is used for budding ¥ Ifthe bud is inserted by making vertical incision on rootstock, it is termed as ‘shield budding” ¥ If T-shape incision is made for inserting bud on rootstock, it is termed as “T- budding’ ¥ Sometimes inverted T-shape incision is made to insert bud and it is termed as ‘inverted T- buddi v The budding is made at 10 to 20 cm height on rootstock Y After inserting bud in incision on rootstock, it is wrapped air-tightly using 300 guage polyethylene tape leaving the bud exposed Y This method is very successful for propagating rose, apple, pear, peaches, apricot, cherry, sweet oranges etc. Shield budding is successful in thin skinned type plantsb shaped cut k ve Bud is fined in T-cutFigure 1. (a) Bud stick with short leaf stems. (b) Shield bud. (c} Inverted "T* and standard “T" cut in stack. (6) Bark opened and ready for bad (e) Bud inserted and flaps dosed, (f) Bud inserted forinverted “1” budding. (g) Rubber budding strip hokding flaps and bud firmly in place,Ve shutterstock com: 1476720158 Figure 1. T-budding. A. Rootstock with T-shaped cut. B. Cutting bud from budwood. C. Buds ready for insertion. D. Bud inserted into the cut. £. Graft wrapped with budding rubber.