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EUKARYOTIC & PROKARYOTIC
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
CELLS
Eukaryotic cells
o They all have a cell membrane, o Prokaryotic cells consist of cytoplasm and a cell membrane
surrounded by a cell wall (does not contain cellulose)
cytoplasm, and genetic material
o The genetic material is not in a distinct nucleus- it forms a
enclosed in a nucleus
single DNA loop (bacterial chromosome, found free in
o The genetic material is a chemical
cytoplasm)
called DNA- this forms structures o Prokaryotes may contain 1 or more extra small rings of DNA
(chromosomes) that are contained (plasmids)
within the nucleus. o Plasmids code for very specific features such as antibiotic
o All animals (including humans), plants, resistance
fungi and Protista are eukaryotes o Bacteria (single celled living organisms) are all prokaryotes.
Some types of bacteria have:
100m Giant redwood - Protective slime capsule around outside of cell wall
10m Minke whale - Have at least one flagellum- long protein strand that lashes
Human eye

1m
Human about (uses it to move themselves around)
10cm Apple o Many bacteria have little or no effect on other organisms, many
Light microscope

1cm Wasp are very useful

1mm Ant o Some bacteria are harmful, bacteria can cause diseases in
100μm
Electron microscope

Eukaryotic cells humans, animals and plants. They can also decompose and
10μm
destroy stored food
1μm Prokaryotic cells
Relative sizes: Bigger number / smaller number is:
100nm Viruses o Less than 10- same order of magnitude
10nm DNA o Around 10- (10*1) an order of magnitude
1nm A small molecule o Around 100- (10*2) two order of magnitude