FE-604 FOOD STORAGE

ENGINEERING

1
 Adiabatic process diagram of air
cooling for mass and energy balance
Atmospheric air enters Fully saturated air leaves
At State 1 Adiabatic saturation of air At State 2
(no heat loss through boundaries)

Tdb1=dry bulb temperature Tdb2=Twb,

W1=absolute humidity W2=absolute humidity

Standing water

Make up water, m*3

Mass balance
The dry air mass flow rate per unit time [ ]
remains constant through the vessel
Energy balance
It has been assumed that there is no heat loss
through the boundary of vessel (adiabatic vessel).
The, the energy entering rate in vessel (state-1):

[air mass flow rate x enthalpy, h1 = kga/s x kJ/kga=kJ/s]

Energy leaving the vessel (state-2):

[air mass flow rate x enthalpy, h2 = kga/s x kJ/kga=kJ/s]

Energy content of makeup water to maintain the water level inside the vessel:

[water mass flow rate x enthalpy, h3 = kgw/s x kJ/kgw=kJ/s]

Where,
 [

Now] the energy balance equation: ]

[energy at state-2 = energy at state-1 +

energy of makeup water entered from inside the vessel]

Inserting the equation 4,26 into equation 4.27

[Enthalpy at state-2=enthalpy at state-1 + enthalpy associated with makeup water in vessel]

Where,
Therefore,

Now the equation 4.29 could be written as:

This equation describes the adiabatic saturation.

 Psychrometric Chart
Specific volume
v, m3/kg DA

Relative humidity, %

Saturation line
Absolute
Enthalpy, ha ,
Humidity, W
kJ /kga 100%
90%
(kgw
Wet bulb /kgDA)
(Twb) and
constant
enthalpy lines
(ha)

Dry bulb temperature, Tdb(C or F)

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Example-1: Using Psychrometric Chart, determine the unknowns
Tdb oC Twb oC Tdp oC W kgw/kg.DA Φ, % v
m3/kgDA

15 ? ? 0.00483 ? ?
30 21.97 ? ? ? ?

Absolute
Humidity,
(W)
Twb=21.97 oC
Tdp=18.45 oC W=0.01355

Twb=9.03 oC
Tdp=3.18oC W=0.00483

15 oC 30 oC
Dry bulb temperature, Tdb
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 1. Sensible heating and cooling process
State-1 State-2
Sensible heating and cooling processes
T1 heater, qs* T2
h1 h2
W1 W2=W1 Saturation line

m1* m2*=m1* h2 Absolute

Humidity,
h1 (W),
Sensible heating kgw/kgDA
Where, 1 2
W1=W2
h=Enthalpy, kJ/kgDA Sensible cooling
W=absolute humidity, kgw/kgDA
qs*=sensible heating rate, kJ/s Tdb1 Tdb2

m*=air mass flow rate, kg/s Dry bulb temperature, Tdb 11

Mass balance,

Energy balance

Where,
h=Enthalpy, kJ/kgDA; W=absolute humidity, kgw/kgDA
qs*=sensible heating rate, kJ/s; ma*=air mass flow rate, kgDA/s
2. Cooling with dehumidification process
(refrigeration principle)
Mass balance

Therefore, water removal rate through condensation:

Energy balance State-1:

State-2:

At steady state conditions:

Insert equation 4.26

Then, the above energy equation simplifies to:
From psychrometric chart in Figure 4.14:
Sensible heat component, q s= h 3 – h2
[no change in absolute humidity, ∆W=0]
Latent heat component, qL= h1 – h3
[constant dry bulb temperature, T1=T3, ∆T=0]

Sensible heating factor,

 Example 2. (sensible heat factor determination)
For the given two psychrometric properties of air, Tdb1=30.1 oC and Φ1=45.1%, condition
the air to Tdb2=17.1 oC and Twb2=15.05 oC. Determine the total amount of heat taken out
of the air. Moreover, find the sensible heat factor of the air conditioning process.

Solution
Locate state-1: Go vertically up from
Tdb1=30.1oC and intersect Φ1= 45.1%
curve of psychrometric chart of example 2
Locate state-2: Go vertically up from
Absolute
Tdb2=17.1oC and move from Twb2=15.05 oC Humidity,
to right downward parallel to wet bulb (W)
temperature lines to intersect Tdb2 line and
3
determine location of state-2. W1
1
There are two paths to reach from state-1 to
Twb=15.05 oC
state-2: 2 4 W2
Path-1: process 1-3 [cooling] followed by
process 3-2 [dehumidifying] Twb=15.05 oC 17.1 oC 30.1 oC
Path-2: process 1-4 [dehumidifying] followed Dry bulb temperature, Tdb
by process 4-2 [cooling] 19
From psychrometric chart: h1=60.1 kJ/kgDA
h2=41.051 kJ/kgDA; h3=h4=49.151 kJ/kgDA

Process 1-3 [cooling] – sensible heat out, ∆ h1

Process 3-2 [dehumidifying] :

latent heat removed due to removal of water, ∆ h2

Total heat removed:

Sensible heat factor, SHF

=0.575
 SHF Field of Application
0.95 - 1.00 Precision air conditioning
(computers and data centers)
0.65 - 0.75 Comfort cooling (people)
0.50 - 0.60 Dehumidification (pools and
outside air)