Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 8e >Cognitive Changes in Normal and Pathologic Aging

Jeffrey B. Halter, Joseph G. Ouslander, Stephanie Studenski, Kevin P. High, Sanjay Asthana, Mark A. Supiano, Christine S. Ritchie, Kenneth Schmader+
TABLE 57-1COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF NORMAL AGING

PRESERVED COGNITION FUNCTIONS COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS SHOWING DECLINE

General intellectual functioning Crystallized, verbal intelligence Fluid, nonverbal intelligence, speed of information processing

Attention Sustained attention, primary attention span Divided attention (possibly)

Executive function “Real-world” executive functions Novel executive tasks

Memory Remote memory, procedural memory, semantic recall Learning and recall of new information

Language Comprehension, vocabulary, syntactic abilities Spontaneous word finding, verbal fluency

Visuospatial Construction, simple copy Mental rotation, complex copy, mental assembly

Psychomotor functions Reaction time

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