PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING Adverse Effects – unexpected, sever life

DRUG – chemical agent threatening effects First-generation antihistamine

MEDICATION – drug that promotes a Rifampicin - to treat tuberculosis (TB) in  Traditional
therapeutic effect many different parts of the body. - Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Phases of Drug Action SE: Red Orange dc of secretion - Chlorphenamine
 Pharmacokinetics AE: Hepatoxicity (jaundice) - Hydroxyzine
A – Absorption TOXICITY – damage to certain organs of Side effects:
D – Distribution the body - Drowsiness
M – Metabolism TACHYPLAXIS/TOLERANCE – decrease - Anticholinergic symptoms (blurred
E – Excretion response to the usual dose of drug vision, dry throat, urinary retention,
 Without meals Resistance means not effective and constipation)
Metabolism – Cells DEPENDENCE – appearance of withdrawal SNS – Epinephrine,
Digestion – Digestive System symptoms when the drug is withheld Norepinephrine>Catecholine
Liver – primary organ for metabolism Alcohol-dependent PNS – Acetylcholine
Kidney – primary organ for excretion S&S: Tremors and sweating Second-generation antihistamine
 Pharmacodynamics MEDICATION ORDERS  Loratadine
 Stimulation or depression Standing – may be carried out  Cetirizine
independently Consideration: Safety
 Replacement
PRN – as needed - Avoidance of other
 Inhibition or killing of organism
Single – Once at a specified time drugs/substances
 Irritation STAT – immediately and only once - Activity modification
Hyperthyroidism Epinephrine – cardiac arrest 2. Nasal-decongestants
 Thin MEDICATION CALCULATION - Action: SNS Stimulation
 Long hair Weight Nasal vasoconstriction
 Tapazole - It works by stopping the  1kg =1,000g - Local (Spray, drops) – avoid
thyroid gland from making too much  1kg = 2.2 lbs. prolonged use
thyroid hormone.  1g = 1000 mg Rebound congestion
Insulin – Type 1 - Systemic (tab, cap, syrup)
 1mg = 1000mcg
 Both Type 1 and Type 2 - phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine,
 1 grain = 60 mg
Dulcolax – irritates the new endings phenylpropandamine
Volume
 Used to treat constipation Length - Caution: HTN, Cardiac
BASIC CONCEPTS FORMULA: D X Q 3. Intranasal glucocorticoids
 Loading Dose S Steroids – anti-inflammatory
Initial dose which is larger than the RESPIRATORY DRUGS (URTI) Suffix: - sone
maintenance dose  Rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis - Beclomethasone
 Half-life 1. Antihistamines: H1 Blockers - Dexamethasone
Duration it takes for half of the drug  Decrease Nasopharyngeal - Flulocasone
to be removed from the body. production - Budosmide
DRUG EFFECTS  Delayed onset
 Not indicated anaphylaxis –
Side Effects – secondary, expected and  Risk for infection
epinephrine
unintended effects.
Bronchoconstriction – DOP
Vasodilation (massive) – low BP