Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION

LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SECTION

SSES SCIENCE 4
Quarter 1 Week 5
Activity Sheets
Skeletal System

Name: ___________________________
Section: __________________________

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 SCIENCE 4
Quarter 1 Week 5
Activity Sheets
Skeletal System
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Melanie Carla Venzon Flaminiano
Editors: Aiisa C. Corpuz, PhD
Reviewers: Lily Beth B. Mallari
Illustrator: Melanie Carla Venzon Flaminiano
Layout Artist: Melanie Carla Venzon Flaminiano
Management Team: Maria Carmen P. Cuenco,EdD, CESO V
Lourdes G. Dela Cruz, PhD
Robert E. Osongco, EdD
Aiisa C. Corpuz, PhD
Lily Beth B. Mallari

This Learner’s Activity Sheet is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education

Curriculum. This is to assure that learners achieve the expected learning
competencies for the Grade Level.

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I. ASSESSMENT
1. The skeletal system is made up of _____________.
a. muscles and tendons
b. bones and cartilages
c. vitreous humor
d. minerals and fats

2. The break in the bone that is not accompanied by a break in the skin is
called __________.
a. compound fracture
b. simple fracture
c. greenstick fracture
d. comminuted fracture

3. The tissue that attaches or connects one bone to another is _________.

a. ligament
b. connective tissue
c. cartilage
d. tendon

4. The lateral curvature of the vertebral column is called ___________.

a. bone tumor
b. sprain
c. scoliosis
d. osteoporosis

5. A sudden twist or turn that may cause the ligaments to stretch too much.
a. fracture
b. arthritis
c. rickets
d. sprain

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II. Discussion

Brief Introduction

The skeletal system forms the rigid internal framework of the body. It
consists of the bones, cartilages, and ligaments. Bones support the weight of
the body, allow for body movements, and protect internal organs. Each bone
of the body serves a particular function, and therefore bones vary in size,
shape, and strength based on these functions.

The human skeletal system is made up of two main groups of bones: the
axial skeleton - skull, ribs and the vertebrate and appendicular skeleton –
upper division includes the shoulders, arms, forearms, wrist, hands, fingers
while on the lower division includes the hips, thighs, legs, ankles and feet.

Learning Competency to be developed:

Explain the parts and functions of the skeletal system, discuss common
ailments and ways of preventing them.

Objectives:

At the end of this activity, learners should be able to

1. Enumerate the different parts of the skeletal system.
2. Identify the functions of the different parts of skeletal system.
3. Give the common bone injuries and diseases and possible ways on how to
prevent them.

A. Let’s Recall
Complete the table below. Identify the words if it is biodegradable or non
– biodegradable materials.
BIODEGRADABLE NON-BIODEGRADABLE

Plastic bag wood metal can newspaper rubber tire

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 B. Let’s Understand

The body is built around a living framework called the skeletal

system. The skeletal system is composed of bones.

THE HUMAN SKELETAL SYSTEM

skull

mandible
clavicle
rib scapula
sternum
humerus

vertebral column
ulna
ilium radius
sacrum
ischium carpus
pubis
metacarpals
femur
patella
phalanges
fibula
tibia

C. Let’s Explain

The skeletal system consists of axial skeleton and the appendicular

skeleton. Axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of
the head and trunk of a vertebrate, which make up the backbone, hold the body
upright. While the appendicular skeleton includes the skeletal elements within
the limbs, as well as supporting shoulder girdle pectoral and pelvic girdle, it
consists of the upper and lower division.

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 A. Axial Skeleton
Skull is the bony part of the head
Skull/cranium which is divided into two parts: the
cranium is a rounded box that
encloses the brain while the facial
portion includes the jaw, teeth, and
mandible areas for the organs of hearing, sight
and smell. The mandible holds the
teeth in place. It works with the upper
mouth bone called the maxilla.
Vertebral column is made up of irregularly shaped bones. It is a series of
approximately 33 bones but because of fusions that occur later in the lower part
of the spine it is reduced to 26 separate bones. The adult spinal column consists
of separate bones called vertebrae, with fibrous disc between each of them.

Cervical Cervical -located in the neck

vertebrae vertebrae
Atlas -first vertebrae and support the head
Axis -second vertebrae and serves as the
pivot when the head is turned from
side to side.
Thoracic -twelve in number and located in
vertebrae thorax.
Thoracic Lumbar -five in number and located in the
vertebrae
vertebrae lower part of the back
Sacral -five separate bones in the child,
vertebrae which eventually fused to form a
single bone called the sacrum in the
adult.
Lumbar Coccyx -consist of four or five bones in the
vertebrae vertebrae child and eventually fusses in to a
Sacral single bone in the adult.

Coccyx vertebrae

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 Ribs or Thoracic basket are the bones of the thorax which form a cone
shaped cage. There are twelve pairs of ribs that form the bars of the cage. These
are completed by the sternum and breastbone. That thorax protects the heart,
lungs and some internal organs.

B. Appendicular Skeleton

Shoulder girdle consists of the clavicle or collar bone, the prominent

bone at the top of the chest between the shoulder and the neck. And the
scapula or shoulder blade it is either of the two large, flat, bones forming
the back of the shoulder.

clavicle
scapula

Arm bone are also called humerus forms a

joint with the scapula above and with two
forearm bones at the elbow. It is the largest
humerus and longest bone in the upper limb and the
only bone of the arm.

ulna Forearm bone is the ulna which lies in the

medial and on the little finger side and the
radius radius, on the lateral or thumb side.

carpals Wrist contains the light small carpal bones

metacarpals
arranged in rows to form metacarpals. The
metacarpal bone is the framework for the
phalanges palm of each hand.

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 Hand includes the eight bones of the carpus (wrist), the five bones of the
metacarpus (palm), and the 14 bones of the phalanges. Each digit consists of three
phalanges, three phalanges, except for the thumb, which, when present, has only
two. Each of these bones is called a phalanx.

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Femur or -is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body.
the thigh
bone
Patella -is a triangular bone that lies anterior to the knee joint.
Tibia -is a large bone of the leg that is located directly below the knee.
Fibula or calf bone, parallels and articulates with the tibia. It is not
weight-bearing, but acts as a site for muscle attachment while
forming the lateral part of the ankle joint.

COMMON DISEASES OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

1. Hunchback is formed due to the forward bending of the spine called
kyphosis. It can occur at any age but it is common in older women.
2. Rickets is a skeletal disorder that weakens and softens the bones that caused
lack of Vitamin D, calcium or phosphate.
3. Arthritis is a swelling and tenderness of one or more joints.
a. The common form of arthritis among the elderly is osteoarthritis this
happens because of the gradual erosion of the protective layer of
cartilage between bones.
b. Another is rheumatoid arthritis, this mainly affects the wrist and
knuckles, this kind of arthritis are hot, red, painful and swollen.

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 4. Osteoporosis is a bone disorder in which there is a lack of normal calcium
deposits and a decrease in the bone protein. It causes the bone to be weak
and brittle. As bones become fragile, the increase of fracture is greatly
increased.
5. Osteomyelitis or bone marrow inflammation is an infection in bone caused
by fever including bacteria or mold organism.
6. Bone tumor is a regrowth of bone tissue with many cysts and hollow
spaces.
7. Scoliosis is a sideway curvature of the spine that occurs most often during
the growth of spurt just before puberty. It is more often in girls than boys.

COMMON INJURIES OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

A crack or break of bone is called fracture. Such injuries may be classified
as follows.
1. Compound Fracture
A fracture in which a bone is sticking through the skin. It is also
called as open fracture.
2. Simple Fracture
A fracture is called simple when the overlying skin is not broken. It
is called as the close fracture.
3. Greenstick Fracture
It occurs if the bone bends or cracks, instead of breaking completely
into separate pieces. These are common in children.
4. Comminuted Fracture
It is when the bone breaks into several pieces. This fracture occurs
after high impact of trauma such as in vehicular accident.
5. Sprain
The sudden twist or turn of joints may cause the ligaments to stretch
too much. The most common location of sprain is in the ankle.

SOME SAFETY MEASURES TO FOLLOW TO PREVENT BONE

INJURIES
1. Be careful with your movements.
2. Avoid running in crowded places.
3. Watch your step when you go up and down the stairs.
4. Avoid walking on dirty pavements or roads.
5. Keep your place free from clutter.
6. Pay attention to your surroundings.

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 D. Let’s Apply
A. Label the parts of the skeletal system. Choose your answers inside the word
box.

1.

2.

3.
6.

7. 6.

8.

9.

10.
4.

5.

WORD BOX
Phalanges tibia humerus sternum femur

Skull mandible ilium radius rib

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B. Match the descriptions in column A with the common fractures, diseases, or
disorders of the skeletal system in column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Is a disease of joints. A. Rickets
2. Is a disorder of bone formation
in which there is a lack of normal B. Compound fracture
calcium deposits and decrease in
the bone protein. C. Arthritis
3. Is a rare childhood disease
characterized by numerous bone D. Greenstick fracture
deformities.
4. These are incomplete breaks in E. Osteoporosis
which the bon splits in the same
way as a piece of greenwood might
split. These are common in children.
5. The skin and the other soft tissues are
torn and the bone pushes through the
muscles of the skin.

E. Let’s Evaluate
Read each item carefully and circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. This is made up of the bones of the skull, ribs, and the vertebrae.
a. Appendicular Skeleton
b. Axial Skeleton
c. Vertebral Column
d. Sacral Vertebrae
2. The first vertebra, called , supports the head.
a. Axis
b. Atlas
c. Thoracic vertebrae
d. Lumbar vertebrae
3. The of the thoracic basket, are the bones of the thorax which form a cone
shaped cage.
a. Sternum
b. Ribs
c. Mandible
d. Pelvis

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4. What is the other term for the arm bone?
a. Femur
b. Humerus
c. Radius
d. Ulna
5. The (spinal column and backbone) is made of a series of
irregularly shaped bones.
a. Tailbone
b. Vertebral Column
c. Axial Skeleton
d. Appendicular Skeleton
6. Is caused by fever-inducing bacteria or mold organism. It is also called the
bone marrow inflammation.
a. Osteoporosis
b. Arthritis
c. Osteomyelitis
d. Scoliosis
7. Is a regrowth of bone tissue with many cysts and hollow spaces.
This may be benign or malignant.
a. Osteoblast
b. Fracture
c. Bone Tumor
d. Rheumatoid Arthritis
8. What are you going to do when going up or down the stairs?
a. I will climb on the railings of the stairs.
b. I will run fast.
c. I will walk carefully.
d. I will push my classmate.
9. You are walking on the corridor and you see your janitor mopping the floor
and it is still wet. What will you do?
a. I will play with the wet floor.
b. I will tell the janitor to stop what he is doing.
c. I will walk slowly and not step on what he is doing.
d. I will run fast.
10. You are in a hurry and want to move ahead of your other classmates. What
will you do?
a. You will run and bump your classmates.
b. Say, “Move! I’m in a hurry!”
c. Say, “Excuse me, may I pass? I’m in a hurry.”
d. You will not do anything.
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III. POST – ASSESSMENT
1. The skeletal system is made up of _____________.
a. muscles and tendons
b. bones and cartilages
c. vitreous humor
d. minerals and fats

2. The break in the bone is not accompanied by a break in the skin is called
__________.
a. compound fracture
b. simple fracture
c. greenstick fracture
d. comminuted fracture

3. The tissue that attaches or connects to one bone to another is _________.

a. ligament
b. connective tissue
c. cartilage
d. tendon

4. The lateral curvature of the vertebral column is ___________.

a. bone tumor
b. sprain
c. scoliosis
d. osteoporosis

5. A sudden twist or turn that may cause the ligaments to stretch too much.
a. fracture
b. arthritis
c. rickets
d. sprain

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IV. ANSWER KEYS
PRE / POST – ASSESSMENT
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. D

LET’S RECALL
BIODEGRADABLE NON-BIODEGRADABLE
Wood Plastic bag
Newspaper Metal can
Rubber tire

LET’S APPLY
A.
1. Skull 6. Sternum
2. Mandible 7. Humerus
3. Rib 8. Ilium
4. Femur 9. Radius
5. Tibia 10. Phalanges

B.
1. B
2. E
3. A
4. D
5. B

LET’S EVALUATE

1. B 6. C
2. B 7. C
3. B 8. C
4. B 9. C
5. B 10. C

V. REFERENCES

The New Science Links 4 pages 15-43: Rex Bookstore

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