Methanol Trial 1

Initial weight (g) (± 0.01g) 135.31

Final weight (g) (± 0.01g) 133.79
Change in weight (± 1%) (g) -1.52
Initial Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 24.00
Final Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 55.80
Change in Temp (℃) (±3%) 31.80

Heat released (J) (± 5 %) 6655.74

Number of moles burnt (mol) (±1%) 0.05

Enthalpy Change of Combustion (J/mol) (± 6%) 140295.99

Enthalpy Change of Combustion (kJ/mol) (± 6%) 140.30

Butanol Trial 1
Initial weight (g) (± 0.01g) 125.22
Final weight (g) (± 0.01g) 124.41
Change in weight (± 1%) (g) -0.81
Initial Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 24.50
Final Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 51.50
Change in Temp (℃) (±3%) 27.00

Heat released (J) (± 5 %) 5651.10

Number of moles burnt (mol) (±1%) 0.01

Enthalpy Change of Combustion (J/mol) (± 6%) 517110.53

Enthalpy Change of Combustion (kJ/mol) (± 6%) 517.11

Mass of Calorimeter = 42g

Methanol 137.63
Ethanol 451.32
Propanol 624.64
Butanol 512.54

Carbon Chain Length Enthalpy Cha

1.00 137.83
2.00 451.97
3.00 625.53
4.00 513.27

Methanol Trial 1
Initial weight (g) (± 0.01g) 135.31
Final weight (g) (± 0.01g) 133.79
Initial Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 24.00
Final Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 55.80

Ethanol Trial 1
Initial weight (g) (± 0.01g) 129.53
Final weight (g) (± 0.01g) 128.92
Initial Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 23.80
Final Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 48.00

Butanol Trial 1
Initial weight (g) (± 0.01g) 125.22
Final weight (g) (± 0.01g) 124.41
Initial Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 24.50
Final Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 51.50

Propanol Trial 1
Initial weight (g) (± 0.01g) 152.32
Final weight (g) (± 0.01g) 151.85
Initial Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 23.00
Final Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 45.50
 1.00
140.30
Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Mean
133.79 132.17 130.44 132.93
132.17 130.48 128.94 131.35
-1.62 -1.69 -1.50 -1.58
25.20 25.00 24.00 24.55
57.50 59.50 55.50 57.08
32.30 34.50 31.50 32.53

6760.39 7220.85 6592.95 6807.48

0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

133705.49 136897.06 140825.41 137827.32

133.71 136.90 140.83 137.83

Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Mean

124.41 123.55 122.65 123.96
123.55 122.65 121.85 123.12
-0.86 -0.90 -0.80 -0.84
24.50 24.50 24.00 24.38
52.00 51.50 54.00 52.25
27.50 27.00 30.00 27.88

5755.75 5651.10 6279.00 5834.24

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

496065.34 465399.48 581749.35 513274.40

496.07 465.40 581.75 513.27

Theoretical Value
726.00
1367.00
2021.00
2676.00

Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Mean

133.79 132.17 130.44 132.93
132.17 130.48 128.94 131.35
25.20 25.00 24.00 24.55
57.50 59.50 55.50 57.08

Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Mean

128.92 128.30 127.57 128.58
128.30 127.65 127.02 127.97
24.00 24.00 23.00 23.70
51.20 50.50 59.00 52.18

Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Mean

124.41 123.55 122.65 123.96
123.55 122.65 121.85 123.12
24.50 24.50 24.00 24.38
52.00 51.50 54.00 52.25

Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Mean

151.85 151.38 150.88 151.61
151.38 150.88 150.42 151.13
24.80 24.20 24.00 24.00
47.00 51.00 47.00 47.63
 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
133.71 136.90 140.83 382.54 423.02 393.12
Ethanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Initial weight (g) (± 0.01g) 129.53 128.92 128.30
Final weight (g) (± 0.01g) 128.92 128.30 127.65
Change in weight (± 1%) (g) -0.61 -0.62 -0.65
Initial Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 23.80 24.00 24.00
Final Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 48.00 51.20 50.50
Change in Temp (℃) (±3%) 24.20 27.20 26.50

Heat released (J) (± 5 %) 5065.06 5692.96 5546.45

Number of moles burnt (mol) (±1%) 0.01 0.01 0.01

Enthalpy Change of Combustion (J/mol) (± 6%) 382536.58 423023.66 393115.31

Enthalpy Change of Combustion (kJ/mol) (± 6%) 382.54 423.02 393.12

Propanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Initial weight (g) (± 0.01g) 152.32 151.85 151.38
Final weight (g) (± 0.01g) 151.85 151.38 150.88
Change in weight (± 1%) (g) -0.47 -0.47 -0.50
Initial Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 23.00 24.80 24.20
Final Temp (℃) (± 0.5℃) 45.50 47.00 51.00
Change in Temp (℃) (±3%) 22.50 22.20 26.80

Heat released (J) (± 5 %) 4709.25 4646.46 5609.24

Number of moles burnt (mol) (±1%) 0.01 0.01 0.01

Enthalpy Change of Combustion (J/mol) (± 6%) 602082.62 594054.85 674118.46

Enthalpy Change of Combustion (kJ/mol) (± 6%) 602.08 594.05 674.12

Butanol 2 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Initial weight (g) 121.73 120.85 119.82
Final weight (g) 120.85 119.82 118.87
Change in weight (± 1%) (g) -0.88 -1.03 -0.95
Initial Temp (℃) 22.00 23.00 23.00
Final Temp (℃) 45.00 55.00 46.50
Change in Temp (℃) (±3%) 23.00 32.00 23.50
Heat released (J) (± 5 %) 4807.00 6688.00 4911.50
Number of moles burnt (mol) (±1%) 0.01 0.02 0.02
Enthalpy Change of Combustion (J/mol) (± 6%) 328241.62 390176.62 310665.30
Enthalpy Change of Combustion (kJ/mol) (± 6%) 328.24 390.18 310.67
 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
621.14 602.08 594.05 674.12
Trial 4 Mean
Enthalpy of Combustion vs
127.57 128.58
127.02 127.97 3000.00

-0.55 -0.61
23.00 23.70
2500.00
59.00 52.18

Enthalpy Change of Combustion (kJ/mole)

36.00 28.48
2000.00

7534.80 5959.82

1500.00
0.01 0.01

631142.25 451965.09 1000.00

631.14 451.97
500.00

Trial 4 Mean
150.88 151.61 0.00
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00
150.42 151.13
-0.46 -0.48 Carbon Chain Length
24.00 24.00
47.00 47.63 Experimental Values Linear (Experimental Values)

23.00 23.63

Enthalpy of Combustion vs C
4813.90 4944.71
700.00
0.01 0.01

f(x) = 129.99083010746 x + 107.172667563268

628841.85 625532.16 600.00
R² = 0.644965376031473
Enthalpy Change of Combustion (kJ/mol) (± 6%)

628.84 625.53 500.00

Mean
Err:522 400.00
Err:522
Err:522
Err:522 300.00

200.00
 Enthalpy Change of Com
300.00

Err:522
Err:522
200.00
5747.50
0.02
361641.13 100.00
361.64

0.00
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2

Carbon Chain Length (

Enthalpy of Combustion vs
700.00

f(x) = 243.852416320154 x − 82.5966427912218

R² = 0.973054188159997
600.00
Enthalpy Change of Combustion (kJ/mol) (± 6%)

500.00

400.00

300.00

200.00

100.00

0.00
0.50 1.00 1.50 2

Carbon Chain Length

 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
628.84 517.11 496.07 465.40 581.75 328.24 390.18

Enthalpy Change of Combustio

800.00

Enthalpy Change of Combsution (kJ/mol)((± 6%)

700.00

600.00 f(x) = 130.127055577145 x + 107.867626221871

R² = 0.590848648573009

500.00

400.00

300.00

200.00

100.00

0.00
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00

Carbon C
Enthalpy of Combustion vs Carbon Chain Length

1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50

Carbon Chain Length (no. carbon atoms)

Linear (Experimental Values) Theoretical Values Linear (Theoretical Values)

Enthalpy of Combustion vs Carbon Chain Length

10746 x + 107.172667563268
031473
1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50

Carbon Chain Length (no. carbon atoms) (

Enthalpy of Combustion vs Carbon Chain Length

852416320154 x − 82.5966427912218
054188159997

1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

Carbon Chain Length (no. carbon atoms)

 4.00
310.67

halpy Change of Combustion vs Carbon Chain Length

55577145 x + 107.867626221871
48573009

1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50

Carbon Chain Length

 Stress = Force / Area Stress = mg / A

Strain = Change in Length on length

Length of Wire to eye point is 1041mm

1kg 1.5kg 2kg

mm 151.90 150.08 4.00 Mass

1.00

1.50

2.00
2.50
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
Diameter of wire Initial Temperature
21.30

200.00

delta x delta x/L 300.00

0.000 350.00

0.001 0.001 400.00

0.004 0.003 450.00

0.000 500.00
0.000 550.00
0.000 600.00
0.000 650.00
0.000

10000000000.000
 0.00
8.64E+07 0.01
1.30E+08 0.01
1.51E+08 0.02
1.73E+08 0.02
1.94E+08 0.02
2.16E+08 0.02
2.38E+08 0.02
2.59E+08 0.03
2.81E+08 0.03

1.000

Uncertainty of ΔL/L = 0.51mm

Uncertainty of F/A= uncertainty of m +

 Gradient is the Youngs modulus
150.19
147.92
149.06 length =1055
146.79 Weight Delta length
135.20 0.00 200.00 0.00 0.00000

135.00 0.20 300.00 0.20 0.00019

134.99 0.21 350.00 0.21 0.00020

134.83 0.37 400.00 0.37 0.00035

134.78 0.42 450.00 0.42 0.00040

134.71 0.49 500.00 0.49 0.00046 0.03

134.69 0.51 550.00 0.51 0.00048 f(x) = 24.8967266343336 x

R² = 0.960991924692757
134.42 0.78 600.00 0.78 0.00074
134.25 0.95 662.50 0.80 0.00075 0.02

21.6℃ Length = 1055 mm

Weight Force / Area ΔL/L 0.01
200.00 0.01 0.00000

300.00 0.01 0.00019

0.00
0.00000 0.00010 0.
350.00 0.02 0.00020

400.00 0.02 0.00035

450.00 0.02 0.00040

500.00 0.02 0.00046
550.00 0.02 0.00048
600.00 0.03 0.00074
650.00 0.03 0.00075
2x10^-6
0.17mm wire Temp 22.7℃ Length = 2048mm
 0.00 Mass Force / Area ΔL/L ΔL L1
0v 0.20 8.64E+07 0.00000 0.00000 138.53
0.30 1.30E+08 0.00007 0.14000 138.39
0.35 1.51E+08 0.00011 0.23000 138.30
0.40 1.73E+08 0.00023 0.47000 138.06
0.45 1.94E+08 0.00032 0.66000 137.87
0.50 2.16E+08 0.00040 0.81000 137.72
0.55 2.38E+08 0.00045 0.92000 137.61
0.60 2.59E+08 0.00048 0.98000 137.55
0.65 2.81E+08 0.00056 1.14000 137.39

12v Temp 35℃ Length = 1212mm

Mass Force / Area ΔL/L ΔL L1
0.20 8.64E+07 0.00000 0.00000 109.02
0.30 1.30E+08 0.00007 0.08000 108.94
0.35 1.51E+08 0.00017 0.21000 108.81
0.40 1.73E+08 0.00025 0.30000 108.72
0.45 1.94E+08 0.00032 0.39000 108.63
0.50 2.16E+08 0.00039 0.47000 108.55
0.55 2.38E+08 0.00047 0.57000 108.45
0.60 2.59E+08 0.00054 0.66000 108.36
0.65 2.81E+08 0.00063 0.76000 108.26

23.9v Temp 73.7℃

0.51A Mass Force / Area ΔL/L ΔL L1
0.20 8.64E+07 0.00000 0.00000 117.57
0.30 1.30E+08 0.00009 0.11000 117.46
0.35 1.51E+08 0.00020 0.24000 117.33
0.40 1.73E+08 0.00027 0.33000 117.24
0.45 1.94E+08 0.00039 0.47000 117.10
0.50 2.16E+08 0.00046 0.56000 117.01
0.55 2.38E+08 0.00054 0.66000 116.91
0.60 2.59E+08 0.00061 0.74000 116.83
0.65 2.81E+08 0.00074 0.90000 116.67

18v Temp 52.4℃

0.37A Mass Force / Area ΔL/L ΔL L1
0.20 8.64E+07 0.00000 0.00000 118.36
0.30 1.30E+08 0.00020 0.24000 118.12
0.35 1.51E+08 0.00026 0.31000 118.05
0.40 1.73E+08 0.00035 0.43000 117.93
0.45 1.94E+08 0.00043 0.52000 117.84
0.50 2.16E+08 0.00050 0.60000 117.76
0.55 2.38E+08 0.00057 0.69000 117.67
0.60 2.59E+08 0.00064 0.78000 117.58
0.65 2.81E+08 0.00069 0.84000 117.52

96.9℃
30v Mass Force / Area ΔL/L ΔL L1
0.61A 0.20 8.64E+07 0.00000 0.00000 116.57
0.30 1.30E+08 0.00014 0.17000 116.40
0.35 1.51E+08 0.00029 0.35000 116.22
0.40 1.73E+08 0.00034 0.41000 116.16
0.45 1.94E+08 0.00049 0.59000 115.98
0.50 2.16E+08 0.00054 0.65000 115.92
0.55 2.38E+08 0.00065 0.79000 115.78
0.60 2.59E+08 0.00081 0.98000 115.59
0.65 2.81E+08 0.00087 1.06000 115.51
adient is the Youngs modulus

Temp (℃) 21.60

Youngs Modulus 0.00

21.6℃
0.03

f(x) = 24.8967266343336 x + 0.00930904598430061

R² = 0.960991924692757

0.02

0.01

0.00
0.00000 0.00010 0.00020 0.00030 0.00040 0.00050 0.00060 0.00070 0.00080

22.7℃
3.50E+08

3.00E+08
f(x)
f(x) = 351203575927.572 xx ++ 90441856.891805
2.50E+08 f(x) == 317094602839.038
289404277681.959 x + 100054380.05097
107841856.891805
 22.7℃
% error in strain Absolute error in strain 3.50E+08
0.02 0.00000
3.00E+08
7.17 0.00001 f(x) = 351203575927.572 xx ++ 90441856.891805
2.50E+08 f(x)
f(x) == 317094602839.038
289404277681.959 x + 100054380.05097
107841856.891805
4.37 0.00001 R² = 0.977049853620934

Force / Area
2.15 0.00001 2.00E+08

1.54 0.00001 1.50E+08

1.26 0.00001 1.00E+08
1.11 0.00001 5.00E+07
1.04 0.00001
0.00E+00
0.90 0.00001 0.00000 0.00010 0.00020 0.00030 0.00
ΔL/ L

% error in strain Absolute error in strain

35℃
0.04 0.00000 3.50E+08

12.54 0.00001 3.00E+08

f(x)
f(x) = 323296442937.309 xx ++ 90441856.891805
4.80 0.00001 2.50E+08 f(x) == 295328278401.856
262444500116.152 x + 98956851.242664
108900000
R² = 0.990612955310948
3.37 0.00001
Force / Area
2.00E+08
2.61 0.00001
1.50E+08
2.17 0.00001
1.00E+08
1.80 0.00001
1.56 0.00001 5.00E+07

1.36 0.00001 0.00E+00

0.00000 0.00010 0.00020 0.00030 0.00040
ΔL/L

73.7℃
% error in strain Absolute error in strain
0.04 0.00000 3.50E+08

9.13 0.00001 3.00E+08

279160826121.573 x + 98357542.4037376
f(x) = 254979186662.692 85430000
4.21 0.00001 2.50E+08 f(x)
R² ==0.989991388352909
227344480364.078 x + 105000000

3.07 0.00001
Force / Area

2.00E+08
2.17 0.00001 1.50E+08
1.83 0.00001
1.00E+08
1.56 0.00001
5.00E+07
1.39 0.00001
1.15 0.00001 0.00E+00
0.00000 0.00010 0.00020 0.00030 0.00040 0.
ΔL/L

52.4℃
3.00E+08
f(x) == 280220743705.429
f(x) 307435860269.603 xx ++ 78802450.6157329
70000000
2.50E+08 254597943951.555 90000000
% error in strain Absolute error in strain 52.4℃
0.04 0.00000
3.00E+08
4.21 0.00001
f(x)
f(x) == 307435860269.603
280220743705.429 x + 70000000
3.27 0.00001 2.50E+08 254597943951.555 x + 78802450.6157329
90000000
R² = 0.993949590707609
2.37 0.00001 2.00E+08

Force / Area
1.96 0.00001
1.50E+08
1.71 0.00001
1.49 0.00001 1.00E+08

1.32 0.00001 5.00E+07

1.23 0.00001
0.00E+00
0.00000 0.00010 0.00020 0.00030 0.00040
ΔL/L

% error in strain Absolute error in strain 96.9℃

0.04 0.00000 3.50E+08
5.92 0.00001 3.00E+08
2.90 0.00001 f(x)
f(x) = 239204065252.531 xx ++ 83123200
f(x) == 214211144075.054
189007431471.928 x + 93903088.6213877
108900000
2.50E+08
2.48 0.00001 R² = 0.990789549480185
2.00E+08
1.74 0.00001 Axis Title
1.58 0.00001 1.50E+08

1.31 0.00001 1.00E+08

1.06 0.00001 5.00E+07
0.98 0.00001
0.00E+00
0.00000 0.00010 0.00020 0.00030 0.00040 0.00050
ΔL/L
 22.7℃

572
038 x + 90441856.891805
959 xx ++ 100054380.05097
107841856.891805
 22.7℃
1.08E+08 0.00000
2.69E+08 0.00056
572
038 x + 90441856.891805
959 xx ++ 100054380.05097
107841856.891805
934 9.04E+07 0.00000
2.86E+08 0.00056

0.00020 0.00030 0.00040 0.00050 0.00060

ΔL/ L

1.09E+08 0.00
35℃ 32.53 2.76E+08 0.00064
26.24
9.04E+07 0.00
37.309
01.856 x + 90441856.891805
16.152 xx ++ 98956851.242664
108900000 2.90E+08 0.00062
310948

0.00020 0.00030 0.00040 0.00050 0.00060 0.00070

ΔL/L

73.7℃
22.73 1.05E+08 0.00
2.76E+08 0.00075

6121.573 x + 98357542.4037376
6662.692 85430000
0364.078 x + 105000000
88352909 27.92 8.54E+07 0.00
2.90E+08 0.00073

0.00020 0.00030 0.00040 0.00050 0.00060 0.00070 0.00080

ΔL/L

52.4℃

60269.603 xx ++ 78802450.6157329
43705.429 70000000
43951.555 90000000
 52.4℃ 25.46 9.00E+07 0.00
2.69E+08 0.00070
60269.603
43705.429 x + 70000000
43951.555 x + 78802450.6157329
90000000 30.74 7.00E+07 0.00
90707609
2.80E+08 0.00068

0.00020 0.00030 0.00040 0.00050 0.00060 0.00070 0.00080

ΔL/L

96.9℃ 18.90 1.09E+08 0.00

2.76E+08 0.00088

4065252.531
1144075.054 x + 83123200
7431471.928 xx ++ 93903088.6213877
108900000
23.92 8.31E+07 0.00
9549480185 2.90E+08 0.00086

0.00020 0.00030 0.00040 0.00050 0.00060 0.00070 0.00080 0.00090 0.00100

ΔL/L
1.26E+08
2.71E+08

7.64E+07
 2.81E+08

The Relationshiop between Youngs Modulus and Temper-

ature
35.00

30.00 f(x) = − 0.132051538920192 x + 34.6488133949796

Young's Modulus (Nm^-2)(x10^10)

R² = 0.98630040186956
25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 110.00

Temperature (℃)
Temper-

Temp Youngs Modulus (x10^10) Max Error Min Error

22.70 31.71 3.41 2.77
35.00 29.53 2.80 3.29
52.40 28.02 2.72 2.56
73.70 25.50 2.42 2.76
96.90 21.42 2.50 2.52

90.00 100.00 110.00

16.40
21.55
28.01
25.50
26.10