6.

3 Numerical location of zeroes

6.3 NUMERICAL LOCATION OF ZEROES

 Determination of the points at which a function takes a specific
value (often zero) or the points at which it takes its maximum or
minimum values and can be solve using many different procedures.
 This can be explained by the given example:
 The frequencies of a cantilevered beam as in figure is given by :

𝜃𝜃2 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
2𝜋𝜋𝑙𝑙 2 𝜌𝜌

where,
𝑙𝑙 : the beam length; 𝐸𝐸 : Young’s modulus
𝐼𝐼 : moment of inertia; 𝜌𝜌 : density, tan 𝜃𝜃 = tanh 𝜃𝜃
 6.3 Numerical location of zeroes

 The approximate 𝜃𝜃 value to satisfy the given equation by means of a

graph is as below:

𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟒𝟒
𝝅𝝅 𝟒𝟒
𝝅𝝅 𝟒𝟒
𝝅𝝅

 The roots can be clearly seen at

5
 To estimate the root near 𝜃𝜃 = 0, 𝜋𝜋 . Using calculator, the values of
4
tan 𝜃𝜃 = tanh 𝜃𝜃 are :

𝜽𝜽 0 5 3.92 3.91 3.90

𝜋𝜋 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
4
tan 𝜽𝜽 0
tanh 𝜽𝜽 0
 6.3 Numerical location of zeroes

BISECTION METHOD
 The root lies between 𝜃𝜃 = 3.92 to 3.93, take 𝜃𝜃1 = 3.92 and 𝜃𝜃2 = 3.93
 Taking the midpoint, 𝜃𝜃𝑚𝑚 =
𝑥𝑥1 +𝑥𝑥2
 In Bisection method, estimation of next root is defined by .
2

 Check whether 𝜃𝜃𝑚𝑚 is between 𝜃𝜃1 and 𝜃𝜃3 or between 𝜃𝜃3 and 𝜃𝜃2 .

𝜃𝜃1 𝜃𝜃3 𝜃𝜃2 𝜃𝜃𝒎𝒎

3.92 3.93
 6.3 Numerical location of zeroes

BISECTION METHOD
 Then, determine the points at which it takes its maximum or minimum
values.
 Bisection method, 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃 = tan 𝜃𝜃 − tanh 𝜃𝜃 , thus :

 The interval is [𝜃𝜃1 , 𝜃𝜃2 ]

𝜃𝜃1 𝒇𝒇(𝜃𝜃1 ) 𝜃𝜃3 𝜃𝜃2 𝒇𝒇(𝜃𝜃2 ) 𝜃𝜃𝒎𝒎 𝒇𝒇(𝜃𝜃𝑚𝑚 )
 6.3 Numerical location of zeroes

REGULA FALSA (FALSE POSITION)

 Refinement of Bisection method is Method of False Position or
Regula Falsa
 In Regular Falsa, the estimation of next root is defined by interpolation.
 To solve the equation, 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥1 > 0, 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥2 < 0and 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is
continuous in (𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑥𝑥2 ).
 The straight line 𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥1 and 𝑥𝑥2 , 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥2 is
𝑦𝑦 − 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1
=
𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥1
 The line cuts 𝑥𝑥 axis (𝑦𝑦 = 0) at :
𝑥𝑥1 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥2 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥1
𝑥𝑥 =
𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥1
 Regula Falsa method, 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃 = tan 𝜃𝜃 − tanh 𝜃𝜃
 6.3 Numerical location of zeroes

REGULA FALSA (FALSE POSITION)

 Then, determine the points at which it takes its maximum or minimum
values.
 Regula falsa method, 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃 = tan 𝜃𝜃 − tanh 𝜃𝜃, thus :

𝜃𝜃1 𝒇𝒇(𝜃𝜃1 ) 𝜃𝜃2 𝒇𝒇(𝜃𝜃2 ) 𝜃𝜃1 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃2 − 𝜃𝜃2 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃1 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃 = tan 𝜃𝜃 − tanh 𝜃𝜃
𝜃𝜃 =
𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃2 − 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃1

 The interval is [𝜃𝜃1 , 𝜃𝜃2 ]=

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