FINAL CALCIUM NITRATE Aksk-1

Study report on “Manufacturing of sodium Nitrate”
A
Report On
“A COMPLETE STUDY REPORT ON MANUFACTURING OFSODIUM
NITRATE”
Submitted by partial fulfilment of the requirements For Bachelor
of Technology in Petrochemical Engineering
By
Miss. SANGLE AKANKSHA

(1930331527047)
Final year Petrochemical Engineering
Under the guidance of

DR. S. M. MHATRE MAM
DEPARTMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

DR BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Lonere-402103,Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra
2022-23
1
DoPE, Dr. B.A.Tech. University, Lonere.
DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

LONERE, MANGAON, DIST.-RAIGAD 402103
DEPARTMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
A Phase one report on “MANUCTURING OF SODIUM NITRATE” by “

SANGLE AKANKSHA ” is approved for the partial fulfillment of requirement
of award of degree of Bachlor of Technology in Petrochemical Engineering
department in Dr.Babashaeb Ambedkar Technological university.
GUIDE Head Of Department

(Dr.S.M MHATRE) (DR.S.S METKAR MAM)
Date:
Place:
2
ABSTRACT:
The manufacturing of sodium nitrate is neutralizing nitric acid with sodium carbonate or
sodium bicarbonate. More than 85% of worldwide sodium nitrate production is supplied from
natural deposits in Chile, South America; the rest is provided essentially as a by-product from
nitric acid plants. Sodium nitrate is used as a fertilizer and in a number of industrial
applications, primarily as an oxidizing agent. These latter include the manufacture of glass,
explosives, and charcoal briquettes, and the production of potassium compounds.
Consumption of sodium nitrate for industrial uses has been rather steady, but production for
use as fertilizer has declined. Various technical and industrial grades are available, in addition
to the agricultural grade. Surface mining methods are used to mine the Chilean nitrate ore.
Mineral recovery and processing procedures are described, as are the various purification
steps. Synthetically produced sodium nitrate results from absorption of waste nitrous oxide
gases in an alkaline solution.
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost I would like to thanks Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological
university and the department of petrochemical engineering for their study supportive
environment in which I can make the Phase one project entitled ‘Manufacturing of Sodium
Nitrate. Furthermore I would like to thanks Dr. S.M. Mahatre Mam for their important
guidance through out the project.
Akanksha A Sangle
(1920331527047)
4
INDEX
CERTIFICATE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
ABSTRACT: ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
INDEX ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
LIST OF FIGURE ................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER 01 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 02 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 03.................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 04...................................................................................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 06 ...................................................................................................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 07 ...................................................................................................................................................................................22
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
Fig.2.1. Apperarance of sodium 7

nitrate
Fig.2.2,1 Structure of molecule 8

Fig.2.2.2 Structure of Compound 8
Fig5.1 Flowsheet 18
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
1 PHYSICAL 9
PROPERTIES
5
CHAPTER 01
• Project Info :
Salt nitrate is actually nota natural material with the chemical substance formula NaNO 3. It is
actually a white-colored strong that is very soluble in water. It is made due to the response of salt
hydroxide and nitric acid. The process begins by mixing salt hydroxide and nitric acid in a reactor.
This makes salt nitrate as well as water. The water is removed coming from the mix to create
sheer salt nitrate. Nitric acid and sodium chloride are actually both main chemicals made use of in
the creation of salt nitrate. The nitric acid is made use of to produce nitrogen dioxide, which is
actually then gone through a reactor along with sodium chloride to make sodium nitrate as well as
water. The reaction makes warmth, which is actually made use of to create vapor that energies the
plant. The salt nitrate is actually after that purified as well as packaged offer for sale.
• Aim of project:
The aim of the manufacturing was to develop a method of sodium nitrate production, which
wouldlead to a high Quality product, with a stable form.
• Objective of project:
The objective of this project to complete a manufacturing process with no anti-caking agents,
and with a low content of phosphates, fluorides and heavy metals. It has been proved that the
method of sodium nitrate production according to the invention fulfils this aim.
6
CHAPTER 02
Introduction:
Sodium is a chemical compund the symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic
number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali
metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotopesi s 23Na. The free
metal does not occur in nature, and must be prepared from compounds. Sodium is
the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and exists in numerous minerals
such as feldspars, sodalite, and halite (NaCl). Many salts of sodium are highly water-
soluble: sodium ions have been leached by the action of water from
the Earth's minerals over eons, and thus sodium and chlorine are the most common
dissolved elements by weight in the oceans. Sodium nitrate is an inorganic nitrate
salt of an alkali metal with the chemical formula NaNO 3. This compound is non-
flammable. However, it is a strong oxidizing agent and can react with many
flammable compounds violently. NaNO3 decomposes explosively when heated to
temperatures above 538oC. Rich deposits of sodium nitrate can be found in some
South American countries such as Chile and Peru. The primary applications of this
compound are in agriculture (fertilizers) and pyrotechnics. Sodium nitrate is a
white deliquescent solid very soluble in water. It is a readily available source of
the nitrate anion (NO3−), which is useful in several reactions carried out on industrial
scales for the production of fertilizers, pyrotechnics, smoke bombs and
other explosives, glass and pottery enamels, food preservatives (esp. meats), and
solid rocket propellent. It has been mined extensively for these purposes.
Fig.2.1. Apperarance of sodium nitrate

7
2.2. Structure of NaNO3 Molecules
Fig.2.2.1 Structure of molecule
Fig.2.2.2. Structure of Compound
NaNO3 compound name is for Sodium nitrate. Sodium nitrate structure includes an
ionic bond between 1 Na+ ion and one NO3- ion. The structure looks as follows. It is
sodium salt of nitric acid (HNO3) therefore the nitrate ion contains the central
nitrogen atom making bonding with three oxygen atoms via two single bonds and
one single bond that are in resonance with each other. Also, you can look up
to NaNO3 Lewis structure for better understanding of the molecular structure of
nitrate ions. Lewis structure refers to the electron-dot diagram that is used to
demonstrate the bonding between atoms in a molecule. The purpose of Lewis
structure comprehends the molecule shape, its reactivity and how it interacts with
other molecules. Along with that, it also shows the physical properties of any
molecule like surface tension, boiling point, etc. In case of NaNO 3, it contains both
covalent and ionic bonds.
8
CHAPTER 03
• Properties of calcium nitrate Ca(NO3 )2:
Once you know what is NaNO3, it is vital to assess its distinctive features, both physical
and chemical. NaNO3 is a strong oxidising agent. It is incompatible with reducing agent,
strong acids, metal powders, etc. It reacts violently with many non-metals, especially
when it is in a molten state.
1.Physical properties:
Table3.1.physical properties
Compound Name Sodium
nitrate
Density 2.25 g/cm3
Molecular Weight/ Molar 84.99 g/mol
Mass
Melting Point 308°C
Boiling point 380 °C
Compound Formula NaNO3
Odour Sweet odour
Appearances White
Crystalline
Stucture Rombohydral
and trigonal
plannar
Solubility Soluble in
acetone and
alcohol,
but insoluble
in
concentrated
nitric acid
9
2. Chemical properties:
• NaNO3 on heating loses a molecule of oxygen.
• Sodium nitrate reacts with concentrate sulphuric acid to produce nitric acid.
• It is an oxidising agent hence reacts readily with strong reducing agents and
combustible agents. However, it is not combustible itself.
It helps in the production of chromium and a few derivatives. Also, because of its
high nitrogen content, it is used rapidly as fertilisers in fields. Several experiments till
the date proved that it is capable of producing synthetic ammonia.
3. Applications :
Some of the uses of sodium nitrate involve in explosives, dental products, food
preservatives, smoke bombs, wastewater treatments, fertilisers, salt substitute and
several others. Apart from that following are some fields where NaNO 3 is rapidly
used.
1. Plant Fertiliser- The nitrogen content in Nitrate is useful for plants as they absorb it
from the soil and utilise it to make amino acids which are the primary source of
protein. Therefore adding Nitrate in the soil helps in the healthy and rapid growth of
plants Also, most vegetables and high degree water contain a considerable amount of
Nitrate, and whenever we consume them, the Nitrate enters our body and benefits us.
However, the accurate quantity of nitrate consumption varies from person to person,
and it should not exceed the maximum limit.
2. Food Additive- Sodium Nitrate In Food has been used for a long time. Especially
preserving foods like meat and fish require nitrates and relevamt techniques,
including some sort of dehydration. The main motive behind it is safeguarding the
foods from bacteria attacks and eventual spoilage. One of the most significant
qualities of sodium nitrate is that it resists the growth of Clostridium botulinum. It is
known to be highly toxic and forms botulism, a great cause of paralytic illness and
respiratory problems. NaNo3 can also effectively maintain the organoleptic property
10
of meats and helps in retaining the red colour of fresh meat. This chemical substance
is equally essential for Dutch cheese and other canned meats and poultry.Moreover,
NaNO3, along with potassium and calcium nitrate, are capable of storing heat. Using
this property, recently they are used in solar power plant for heat transfer. Often
people confuse between these two chemicals. However, they are not the same.
11
CHAPTER 04
Litrature Survey :
1. (1 July 1973) Effect of Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Nitrate on Botulinal Toxin
Production and Nitrosamine Formation in Wieners
Authors: Gerald O. Hustad, John G. Cerveny, Hugh Trenk, Robert H. Deibel,
Donald A. Kautter, Thomas Fazio, Ralph W. Johnston, Olaf E.
KolariAUTHORS INFO & AFFILIATIONS
Wieners were formulated and processed approximating commercial conditions as
closely as possible. Twenty-four batches of product were made with the addition of
six levels of sodium nitrite (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 μg/g), four levels of
sodium nitrate (0, 50, 150, and 450 μg/g), and two levels of Clostridium botulinum (0
and 620 spores/g). After formulation, processing, and vacuum packaging, portions of
each batch were incubated at 27 C or held for 21 days at 7 C followed by incubation
at 27 C for 56 days. The latter storage condition approximated distribution of product
through commercial channels and potential temperature abuse at the consumer level.
Samples were analyzed for botulinal toxin, nitrite, and nitrate. At the lowest level of
nitrite added (50 μg/g), no toxic samples were observed until 56 days of incubation.
Higher levels of nitrite completely inhibited toxin production throughout the
incubation period. Nine uninoculated samples, representing various levels and
combinations of nitrite and nitrate, were evaluated organoleptically. The flavor
quality of wieners made with nitrite was judged significantly higher (P = 0.05) than
of wieners made without nitrite. The nine samples were negative for 14 volatile
nitrosamines at a sensitivity level of 10 ng/g. The results indicated that nitrite
effectively inhibited botulinal toxin formation at commercially employed levels in
wieners and that detectable quantities of nitrosamines were not produced during
preparation and processing of the product for consumption.
2. (4 Decembar 2000) Sodium Nitrate , Ludwik pokorny, lgnocia Maturana

More than 85% of worldwide sodium nitrate production is supplied from natural
deposits in Chile, South America; the rest is provided essentially as a by-product
from nitric acid plants. Sodium nitrate is used as a fertilizer and in a number of
12
industrial applications, primarily as an oxidizing agent. These latter include the

manufacture of glass, explosives, and charcoal briquettes, and the production of
potassium compounds. Consumption of sodium nitrate for industrial uses has been
rather steady, but production for use as fertilizer has declined. Various technical and
industrial grades are available, in addition to the agricultural grade. Surface mining
methods are used to mine the Chilean nitrate ore. Mineral recovery and processing
procedures are described, as are the various purification steps. Synthetically produced
sodium nitrate results from absorption of waste nitrous oxide gases in an alkaline
solution.
3. (3 May 2001) Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived

from Chilean caliche
Authors; panelE.T.UrbanskyS.K.BrownM.L.MagnusonC.A.Kelty
Paleogeochemical deposits in northern Chile are a rich source of naturally occurring
sodium nitrate (Chile saltpeter). These ores are mined to isolate NaNO3 (16–0–0) for
use as fertilizer. Coincidentally, these very same deposits are a natural source of
perchlorate anion (ClO4−). At sufficiently high concentrations, perchlorate interferes
with iodide uptake in the thyroid gland and has been used medicinally for this
purpose. In 1997, perchlorate contamination was discovered in a number of US water
supplies, including Lake Mead and the Colorado River. Subsequently, the
Environmental Protection Agency added this species to the Contaminant Candidate
List for drinking water and will begin assessing occurrence via the Unregulated
Contaminants Monitoring Rule in 2001. Effective risk assessment requires
characterizing possible sources, including fertilizer. Samples were analyzed by ion
chromatography and confirmed by complexation electrospray ionization mass
spectrometry. Within a lot, distribution of perchlorate is nearly homogeneous,
presumably due to the manufacturing process. Two different lots we analyzed
differed by 15%, containing an average of either 1.5 or 1.8 mg g−1. Inadequate
sample size can lead to incorrect estimations; 100-g samples gave sufficiently
consistent and reproducible results. At present, information on natural attenuation,
plant uptake, use/application, and dilution is too limited to evaluate the significance
of these findings, and further research is needed in these areas.
13
4. 1 July 2003 The Curing Agent Sodium Nitrite, Used in the Production of
Fermented Sausages, Is Less Inhibiting to the Bacteriocin-Producing Meat
Starter Culture Lactobacillus curvatus LTH 1174 under Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: Jurgen Verluyten, Winy Messens, Luc De Vuyus
Curvacin A is a listericidal bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus curvatus
LTH 1174, a strain sausage. The response of this strain to an added curing agent
(sodium nitrite) in terms of cell growth and bacteriocin production was investigated in
vitro by laboratory fermentations with modified MRS broth. The strain was highly
sensitive to nitrite; even a concentration of 10 ppm of curing agent inhibited its growth
and both volumetric and specific bacteriocin production. A meat simulation medium
containing 5 ppm of sodium nitrite was tested to investigate the influence of the gas phase
on the growth and bacteriocin production of L. curvatus LTH 1174. Aerating the culture
during growth had no effect on biomass formation, but the oxidative stress caused a
higher level of specific bacteriocin production and led to a metabolic shift toward acetic
acid production. Anaerobic conditions, on the other hand, led to an increased biomass
concentration and less growth inhibition. Also, higher maximum volumetric bacteriocin
activities and a higher level of specific bacteriocin production were obtained in the
presence of sodium nitrite than in fermentations under aerobic conditions or standard
conditions of air supply. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of the curing
agent is at least partially masked under anaerobic conditions.
5. .(15 November 2011) Characterization of Sodium Nitrate as Phase Change Material

Thomas Bauer, Doerte Laing & Rainer Tamme
In this article the results of material investigations of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) with a melting
temperature of 306 °C as a phase change material (PCM) are presented. The thermal stability
was examined by kinetic experiments and longduration oven tests. In these experiments the
nitrite formation was monitored. Although some nitrite formation in the melt was detected,
results show that the thermal stability of NaNO3 is sufficient for PCM applications. Various
measurements of thermophysical properties of NaNO3 are reported. These properties include
the thermal diffusivity by the laser-flash, the thermal conductivity by the transient hot wire,
and the heat capacity by the differential scanning calorimeter method. The current
14
measurements and literature values are compared. In this article comprehensive temperature-
dependent thermophysical values of the density, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and
thermal conductivity in the liquid and solid phases are reported.
6. (September 2017) Effects of parsley extract powder as an alternative for the direct
addition of sodium nitrite in the production of mortadella-type sausages – Impact on
microbiological, physicochemical and sensory aspects
Author- panel Greta Riel Annika Boulaaba Johanna Popp Guenter Klein
Increasing concern about chemical additives in processed meat has led to an increased
market of uncured and alternatively cured meat products. However, the use of vegetable
extracts or the exclusion of curing salt may increase the risk of greater bacterial growth and
alteration of several physicochemical parameters. Therefore, in this study mortadella-type
sausages, manufactured with 1.07 (V3), 2.14 (V4) and 4.29 (V5) g parsley extract powder/kg
sausage meat were produced. These sausage variants were compared to an uncured (V2) and
a traditionally nitrite-cured control (V1). A significantly lower Listeria monocytogenes
growth was observed for V5 compared to all other variants during the storage time of 28
days (P < 0.05). Compared to V1, V5 presented a residual nitrite content reduced by 40%
and similar a* values until day 21. Concerning texture parameters, L* and aw values, no
differences between the variants were detected. Sensory analysis showed that overall
acceptance of V4 and V5 was comparable with V1.
7. (April 2019) Effects of sodium nitrate concentration on thermophysical properties

of solar salts and on the thermal energy storage cost
Author- panel Melanie Durtha Cristina Prietoab Alfonso Rodríguez-Sáncheza -
DavidPatiño-Rodríguezc Luisa F.Cabeza
Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are key components of concentrating solar power
plants in order to offer energy dispatchability to adapt the electricity power production to the
curve demand. Nitrate molten salts are the storage media used today in concentrated solar
power plants. They are also used as heat transfer fluid (HTF) in the molten salt tower (MST)
technology. Traditional MST plants work in the temperature range of 240–565 °C using the
so-called solar salt, a mixture of 60–40 wt% of NaNO3 and KNO3. This study wants to
optimize the thermal energy storage cost of the solar concentration technology by analysing
different mixtures of solar salts, using different percentages of NaNO3 and KNO3 in the
15
mixture. The new mixtures seek a reduction in the cost of the storage material while
optimizing its physical and chemical properties. The study shows how an increase in the
proportion of sodium nitrate for a new binary solar salt to 78–22 wt%, produces an increase
in the heat capacity of the mixture by reducing the necessary inventory of salts in the system.
However, the new salt presents an increase in the melting point, going from 240 °C to
279 °C, which makes the operation of the system difficult. The impact on the cost of this
optimization in the performance of a commercial plant was analysed. The plant chosen to
evaluate the impact is a tower technology plant with 85 MWe power and 13 h of storage. The
study shows a LCOE reduction of up to 0.6% for the new mixture with higher sodium
nitrate.
8. (2020) From the journal: Food & Function The effect of prolonged dietary sodium
nitrate treatment on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and testicular
structure and functions and works in streptozotocin –induced diabetic male rats
Authours-Hajar Oghbaei,ab Gholamreza Hamidian, ORCID logo Mohammad Reza
Alipour, ORCID logo d Shahriar Alipoure and Rana Keyhanmanesh
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged dietary nitrate supplementation
on the gonadotropin level, testicular histology and morphometry, expression of miR-34b and
p53 mRNA, and spermatogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Methods:
Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: Control (C), control + nitrate (CN),
diabetes (D), diabetes + insulin (DI), and diabetes + nitrate (DN). Diabetes was induced
using 45 mg kg−1 of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. Rats in the CN and DN groups were
administered sodium nitrate in drinking water (100 mg L−1). NPH insulin (2–4 U d−1) was
injected subcutaneously in the DI group for 2 months. Nitrate and insulin supplementation
was started one month after confirmation of diabetes. Results: Nitrate supplementation in the
DN group significantly increased the body weight (p < 0.05), sperm parameters (p < 0.001),
indices of spermatogenesis (p < 0.001), and testis histopathology as well as decreased the
blood glucose level (p < 0.001) compared to the untreated diabetic group, although it had no
significant effect on testicular parameters, LH and FSH levels. Nitrate administration in the
DN group also decreased miR-34b (p < 0.001) and p53 mRNA (p < 0.001) expression, and
increased serum insulin and NOx levels compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Conclusions:
Chronic nitrate supplementation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats improved fertility
parameters, which may be associated with increased miR-34b and decreased p53 mRNA
16
CHAPTER 05
• Method of production:
The industrial synthesis of sodium nitrate involves the neutralization of nitric acid
with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide. The chemical
equations for these reactions are listed below. Alternately, ammonium nitrate can be
reacted with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
The industrial synthesis of sodium nitrate involves the neutralization of nitric acid
with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide. The chemical
equations for these reactions are listed below.
NaHCO3 + HNO3 → NaNO3 + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + CO2 + H2O
NaOH + HNO3 → NaNO3 + H2O

It is important to note that the reaction between sodium hydroxide and nitric acid is a
highly exothermic one (since NaOH is a strong base and HNO3 is a strong acid).
Therefore, an alternate method of preparing sodium nitrate is by reacting sodium
hydroxide with ammonium nitrate instead of nitric acid. The chemical reaction is:
NH4NO3 + NaOH → NH4OH + NaNO3

Alternately, ammonium nitrate can be reacted with sodium carbonate or sodium
bicarbonate.
Na2CO3 + 2NH4NO3 → (NH4)2CO3 + 2NaNO3
NaHCO3 + NH4NO3 → NH4HCO3 + NaNO3

• Raw Materials :
1. Nitric Acid
2. Sodium chloride
3. Sodium carbonate
4. Sodium bicarbonate
5. Ammonium phosphate
17
• Flowsheet :
•
Figure 5-1Flowsheet
18
• Process Discripction :
It has already been proposed to make ammo 5 nium phosphate together with other
fertilizing substances by a process consisting in dissolving sodium ammonium
phosphate (microcosmic salt) in nitric acid, in cooling the solution or allowing it to
cool, in order to cause on the One hand the 10 crystallization of monoammonium
phosphate and to obtain on the other hand a liquor from which sodium nitrate or
fertilizing substances containing sodium nitrate may be produced.
First phase.--To 2,000 liters of mother liquor from the Separation of the fertilizing
mixture, carried out in a preceding process, there are added in the reaction apparatus
A 510 liters of nitric acid Solution of ammonium phosphate, which rep resent 85%
of 600 liters of the nitric acid and phOSpho-ammoniacal mother liquor obtained in
the reaction apparatus I and resulting from the second phase of the hereinafter
described treat ment. The liquor is then Saturated with gaseous annonia, till neutral
to phenolphthalein and then allowed to cool to 20 C. Thus 400 kilograms of Sodium
ammonium phbS phate which are Washed in the Washing apparatus B with about
25 liters of water, on the one hand, and 2,200 liters of mother liquor, on the other
hand, are obtained. To Said mother liquor 500 kilograms of potassium chloride with
49% K2O and the remaining part, i. e. 90 liters of the above men tioned nitric acid
and phospho-ammoniacal mother liquor obtained in the reaction apparatus I, the
total volume of which was 600 liters, are now added. The Whole is then heated to
50° C. in Order to dissolve all the chloride, after which it is cooled to 5° C.; a mixed
salt then separates, which is drained in the hydroextractor. E and slightly washed in
the washing apparatus F. The product thus obtained consists of 900 kilograms of a
nitro potassium fertilizer containing when dry
Per cent
Nitric N---------------------------------- 8
Ammoniacal N--------------------------- 10.3
KO-------------- ----------------------- 25
on the one hand, and 2,000 liters of mother liquor, on the other hand, which are used
again in the cycle which has just been described, that is, are introduced for the
greater part into the reaction apparatus A and for the remaining part into the
19
crystallizing apparatus.
Second phase-The 400 kilograms of microcoS mic salt are drained in the
hydroextractor C, after which they are treated in the reaction apparatus G with 145
liters of nitric acid of 39 Bé. Or with the equivalent quantity of nitric acid of another
density. The mass is then heated in Order to con centrate it, till a temperature of
145° C. is reached. The mass is then cooled, ground in the grinding device H and
taken up in the reaction apparatus I with 385 liters of nitric acid of 39 Be... and
cooled to 10° C. The liquid floating on the sodium nitrate is then poured off and the
remaining Sodi um nitrate is washed in the washing apparatus J 1iwith 145 liters of
nitric acid which will be used for attacking a new mass of microcosmic salt in the
reaction apparatus G. The nitrate is then washed with 20 liters of water and
thoroughly drained in the hydroextractor K; 140 kilograms of Sodium nitrate with a
purity of 98-99% on the one hand and 600 liters of mother liquor on the other hand
are thus obtained. As above men tioned said 600 liters of mother liquor are used
again in the reaction apparatus A in the first phase of the process which has just
been de Scribed. The proportions indicated in the above de Scribed example are by
no means absolutely neces Sary and may be varied between certain limits ac cording
to the grade of the chloride which is used, the concentration of the nitric acid, the
temperature of crystallization and the like
20
CHAPTER 06
• Future plans:
1. For Manufacturing of Sodium nitrate future planning is that taking mole balance, energy
balance fora relative component to gives a quality product.
2. Also Kinetic study, Stoichiometry, Heat and Mass transfer, Thermodynamical study was
undertaking.
3. Special inphasis that through the component like calcium nirate and sodium nitrate it
is use formanufacturing of corrosion inhabitor. It is use for preventing corrosion of
metals.
21
CHAPTER 07
References:
1. Effect of Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Nitrate on Botulinal Toxin Production and
Nitrosamine Formation in Wieners Authors: Gerald O. Hustad, John G. Cerveny,
Hugh Trenk, Robert H. Deibel, Donald A. 2.
2. Kautter, Thomas Fazio, Ralph W. Johnston, Olaf E. KolariAUTHORS INFO &
AFFILIATIONS Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived
from Chilean caliche
Author - panelE.T.UrbanskyS.K.BrownM.L.MagnusonC.A.Kelty
3. The effect of prolonged dietary sodium nitrate treatment on the hypothalamus-
pituitary-gonadal axis and testicular structure and function in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic male rats Check for updates
4. Hajar Oghbaei,ab Gholamreza Hamidian, ORCID logo c Mohammad Reza
Alipour, ORCID logo d Shahriar Alipoure and Rana Keyhanmanesh
5. effects of parsley extract powder as an alternative for the direct addition of sodium
nitrite in the production of mortadella-type sausages – Impact on microbiological,
physicochemical and sensory aspects Author –panel Greta Riel Annika Boulaaba
Johanna Popp Guenter Klein
6. ROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF sooUM NITRATE AND OTHER
FERTLIZ NG SUBSTANCES Ferdinand Mitteau, villemomble, France, as signor to
Société d'Etudes Scientifiques et d' Entreprises Industrielles, Ougree, Belgium, a firm
Application February 12, 1931
22

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Study report on “Manufacturing of sodium Nitrate”

Miss. SANGLE AKANKSHA

Final year Petrochemical Engineering

Under the guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

A Phase one report on “MANUCTURING OF SODIUM NITRATE” by “

GUIDE Head Of Department

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

Fig.2.1. Apperarance of sodium 7

Fig.2.2,1 Structure of molecule 8

Fig.2.1. Apperarance of sodium nitrate

2.2. Structure of NaNO3 Molecules

Fig.2.2.1 Structure of molecule

Fig.2.2.2. Structure of Compound

• Properties of calcium nitrate Ca(NO3 )2:

2. (4 Decembar 2000) Sodium Nitrate , Ludwik pokorny, lgnocia Maturana

industrial applications, primarily as an oxidizing agent. These latter include the

3. (3 May 2001) Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived

5. .(15 November 2011) Characterization of Sodium Nitrate as Phase Change Material

7. (April 2019) Effects of sodium nitrate concentration on thermophysical properties

NaHCO3 + HNO3 → NaNO3 + H2O + CO2

Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + CO2 + H2O

NaOH + HNO3 → NaNO3 + H2O

NH4NO3 + NaOH → NH4OH + NaNO3

NaHCO3 + NH4NO3 → NH4HCO3 + NaNO3

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