s VEX 121 – INDUSTRIAL ARTS

MODULE 5 – GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION

Technical drawing also known as drafting or darughting, is the act and discipline of composing plans
that visually communicate how something functions or has to be constructed. It is based on the knowledge of
plane geometry, i.e geometry of two dimensins-length and breadth; solid geometry i.e length, breadth and
depth, and orthographic projection. Geometric construction refers to the process in which angles, lines and
geometric shapes are drawn using a compass and ruler, without the use of specific measurements of length,
angle, etc.
A. Learning Outcomes
At the end of the semester, the student must have to:
1. discussed angles, triangles, polygon, parallelograms and circle
2. identified the kinds of angles, triangles, polygon, parallelograms and circle
3. demonstrated the steps of bisecting a line

B. Pretest
Give and draw the different polygons
C. Content
Geometry – is a branch of mathematics that studies the sizes, shapes, positions angles and dimension of
things.
Geometric construction – process of drawing lines, angles and other geometric shapes and figures using only a
compass and a straight edge
Terms used in Geometrical Construction
1. Angle – is a figure formed when two lines meet in a point or it is formed by two intersecting lines
Kinds of angle
 Complementary angle – if the two angle measures 90 degrees
 Supplementary angle – if the two angle measures 180 degrees
 Reflex angle – it is an angle more than 180 degrees
 Straight angle – an angle having 180 degrees

2. Triangle – plane figure bounded by straight lines

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3. Quadrilateral – it is a plane figure bounded by four straight lines

Parallelograms – if the opposite sides are parallel
Kinds of quadrilaterals

4. Polygon – any plane figure bounded by straight lines

Regular polygon – polygon has equal sides and equal angles
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Kinds of Polygon

a
5. Circle – it is a closed curved
Parts of a circle

 Center – all points are the same distance from a point

 Circumference – distance around the circle
 Diameter – distance from side of a circle through the center to the other side
 Radius – distance from the center to the other side or half of the diameter
 Chord – any straight line crossing the circle in two places
 Arc – is a piece of circle
 Quadrant - one fourth of a circle
 Segment – area of a circle bounded by an arc and a chord
 Sector – portion of a circle by two radii and the intercepted arc
 Semicircle – half of a circle bounded on one side by a diameter
 Tangent – a line or arc touches to another line at a single point
Bisect – to divide into two equal parts
Vertex – they meet at the same point
Inscribe – to draw a circle inside the box
Circumscribe – to draw a circle outside the box
Concentric circle – two or more angles with a common center
Eccentric circle – two or more circle without a common center

D. Learning Activities
Oslo paper, draw border line 1.5 cm., title block 2cm. height

Activity 6 – To Inscribe a Regular Pentagon in a Circle

 Given a circle ( 6 cm. diameter)
 Draw diameter AB and CD
 Bisect radius OB at point E
 Using point E as center and the distance ED as radius, draw an arc intersecting AO
at point F
 With point D as center and the distance DF as radius, draw an arc intersecting the
circle at point G
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 Connect point D and G, line DG is equal to one side of the pentagon. Transfer this
distance around the circumference and draw the sides by connecting the point.

E. Assessment:

F. Reference
Textbooks
Bert Bielefeld, Isabela Skiba, Basic Fundamentals of Presentation Technical Drawing, (2013), Publisher:
Birkhauser, ISBN 13: 9783034613262
Dagoon, Jesee (2000) Exploratory Industrial Arts, Rex Book Store, Manila, Philippines
Sadhu Singh, P.L. Sah, Fundamental of Machine Drawing, 2013 by PH Learning Private Limited
Timothy Samara, Drawing for Graphic Design, 2012 by Rockfort Publishers Inc.
Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Dygdon, Noval and Lockhart, Technical Drawing, 2009 Publisher Pearson
Education Inc.
Online References
http://www.google.com.ph.images
G. Rubric

Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvements

Construction arcs visible and
appropriate
All vertices and relevant
intersections labeled
Lines neatly drawn with
straightedge
Angle bisector constructed
correctly
Some construction arcs are
visible
Most vertices and relevant
intersections labeled
Most lines neatly drawn with
straight edge
3 of the 4 angle bisectors
constructed correctly
Few construction arcs visible
Few vertices or relevant intersections
labeled
Lines drawn without straight edge or not
drawn correctly
Fewer than 3 angles bisectors
constructed correctly

H. Answer Key