Lesson 1-1

Numerical Expressions
Today’s Goals
Write numerical
●

Explore  Order of Operations expressions for verbal

expressions.
Evaluate numerical
●
Online Activity Use a real-world situation to complete the Explore.
expressions.

Today’s Vocabulary
 INQUIRY How can you evaluate a numerical
numerical expression
expression?
exponent
base
Learn Writing Numerical Expressions evaluate

A numerical expression is a mathematical phrase that contains only

numbers and mathematical operations. For example, 6 + 2 ÷ 1 is a
numerical expression.
Some numerical expressions contain multiplication. Multiplication can
be represented in several ways, including a raised dot or parentheses.
Here are some ways to represent the product of 2 and 3.

2 • 3 2(3) (2)3 (2)(3)

Example 1  Translate a Verbal Expression

Translate one plus eight divided by three into a numerical
expression.

one plus eight divided by three

Think About It!
Identify the factors of
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the numerical
1 + 8 ÷ 3 expression 6(11).

The translation is 1 + 8 ÷ 3  . 6 and 11

Check  Think About It!

Translate the verbal expression into a numerical expression. What verbal phrase
seven times fifteen minus two times nine 7 · 15 - 2 · 9 represents addition?
subtraction?
multiplication? division?

Sample answer:
plus, minus, times,
divided by
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 Your Notes Example 2  Translate a Verbal Expression
with Grouping Symbols
Translate the sum of five and nine divided by two into a numerical
expression.

the sum of five and nine divided by two

(5 + 9) ÷ 2
5+9
_____
​​  2   ​​ 
The translation is .

Example 3  Write a Numerical Expression

Think About It! BOWLING A person’s handicap in bowling is usually found by
What would be the first subtracting the person’s average from 200, multiplying by 2, and
step in finding Marley’s dividing by 3. Marley’s bowling average is 170. Write a numerical
handicap? Why? expression for Marley’s handicap in bowling.
The first step to find the handicap is to subtract the average from 200.
Subtract 170 from 200.
Because that is what is Marley’s average is 170. 200 - 170
inside the parentheses. Next, multiply the difference by 2. 2 (200 - 170)
2(200 - 170)
Finally, divide the result by 3. ​​ ___________
3 ​​  
 

Check 
TEMPERATURE To convert a temperature in degrees Celsius to
degrees Fahrenheit, multiply the temperature in degrees Celsius by 9,
divide by 5, and add 32. Write a numerical expression to convert
37° Celsius to Fahrenheit. A  
37 · 9
A. ​​ ____ ​​ + 32
5   

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Watch Out!
Verbal Expressions
The first step
mentioned in the 37 · 9
verbal expression does B. ​​ _____  ​​ 
5 + 32 
not always mean it is
the first step in writing
the numerical
37 · 9
expression. C. ​​ ____ ​​ · 32
5   

37 · 5
D. ​​ ____ ​ ​+ 32
9   

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4 Module 1 • Expressions
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 Learn  Evaluating Numerical Expressions Talk About It!
xn
An expression of the form is read “x to the nth power.” The word Explain how the order
power is used to refer to the expression, the value, or the exponent of of operations applies
the expression. when using the
1
When n is a positive integer, the exponent indicates the number of formula __
​​  2  ​​h(b1 + b2) to
times a number is multiplied by itself. In a power, the base is the find the area of a
number being multiplied by itself. trapezoid.

To evaluate an expression means to find its value. If a numerical Sample answer:

expression contains more than one operation, then the rule that lets According to the order
you know which operation to perform first is called the order of of operations, you have
operations. to add the lengths of
the bases together first
Key Concept • Order of Operations 1
and then multiply by __
​​ 2  ​​
Step 1 Evaluate expressions inside grouping symbols. times the height.
Step 2 Evaluate all powers.
Step 3 Multiply and/or divide from left to right.
Step 4 Add and/or subtract from left to right.

Example 4  Evaluate Expressions

Evaluate each expression.

a. 24

24 = 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 Use 2 as a factor 4 times.

= 16 Multiply.

b. 45

45 = 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 Use 4 as a factor 5 times.

= 1024 Multiply.
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Think About It!

Example 5  Order of Operations
Write an expression
Evaluate 20 - 7 + 82 - 7 · 11. that uses exponents
2 and at least three
20 - 7 + 82 - 7 · 11 = 20 - 7 + 64 - 7 · 11 Evaluate 8 . different operations.
= 20 - 7 + 64 - 77 Multiply 7 and 11. Explain the steps you
would take to evaluate
= 13 + 64 - 77 Subtract 7 from 20. the expression.

= 77 - 77 Add 13 and 64. Sample answer: 6 + 102 · 4

− 12; First I would evaluate
= 0 Subtract 77 from 77.
102 and then multiply by 4.
I would add 6 to that and
then subtract 12.
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 Check 
Write the steps of the order of operations in the correct order.
Step 1 Evaluate expressions inside grouping symbols.
Step 2 Evaluate all powers.
Step 3 Multiply and/or divide from left to right.
Step 4 Add and/or subtract from left to right.

Example 6  Write and Evaluate a Numerical

Use a Source
Expression
Find data about the
scoring in a game of ARCADE Mellie is playing a bowling game at an arcade. She rolls
interest to you where two balls into the 30-point hole, four balls into the 20-point hole,
you can score different and three balls into the 50-point hole. Write and evaluate an
numbers of points for expression to find Mellie’s total score.
different plays. Write
and evaluate an Part A Complete the table to write an expression for Mellie’s total
expression to represent score.
a possible score.
To find Mellie’s total score, find the number of points scored from each
hole and add the products.
Sample answer: scoring
Words two balls plus four balls plus three balls
three field goals, two
rolled into rolled into rolled into
3-point field goals, and the 30-point the 20-point the 50-point
four foul shots in a hole hole hole
basketball game, 3(2) + Expression 2 · 30 + 4 · 20 + 3 · 50
2(3) + 4(1) = 16 points
Part B Evaluate the expression.

2 · 30 + 4 · 20 + 3 · 50 = 60 + 80 + 150 Multiply.

= 290 Add.

Mellie scored 290 points.

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Check 
COMPUTERS A computer technician charges a flat fee of $50 plus $25
per hour. On Monday, he worked on Aika’s computer for 2 hours. On
Tuesday, he worked on Aika’s computer for 3 hours.
Part A Which expression(s) represents Aika’s bill? Select all that apply.
A, B, D
A. 50 + 25(2) + 25(3) B. 50 + 25(2 + 3)
C. 25(2 + 3) D. 50 + 25(5)
E. 25 + 50(2 + 3)
Part B How much money does Aika owe the technician? $175  

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6 Module 1 • Expressions
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 Example 7  Expressions with Grouping Symbols Think About It!
Evaluate each expression. Equivalent expressions
(4 + 5)2 have the same value.
a. ​​ ______  ​​ 
3 (7 - 4)  Are the expressions
(4 + 5)2 (9)2 (30 + 17) × 10 and
​​ ______
3 (7 - 4)  = ___
 ​​  ​​  3(3)  ​​ Evaluate inside parentheses. 10 × 30 + 10 × 17
= ___
81
​​  3(3)  ​​ 
  Evaluate the power in the
equivalent? Why or
why not?
numerator.
81
= __
​​  9  ​​ Multiply 3 and 3 in the
Yes; sample answer:
denominator.
Simplify the expression in
= 9 Divide 81 by 9. the parentheses first to get
47. Then multiply by 10 to
b. 15 – [10 + (3 – 2)2] + 6 get 470. The order of
15 – [10 + (3 – 2)2] + 6 = 15 – [10 + ( 1 )2] + 6 
Evaluate innermost operations states to multiply
parentheses. before adding. So, perform
the multiplication first in the
= 15 – [10 + 1 ] + 6 Evaluate power. second expression. The
= 15 – [ 11 ] + 6 Add.
result is 300 + 170. Then
add to get 470.
= 4 + 6 Subtract.

= 10 Add. Study Tip

Grouping Symbols
Check  Grouping symbols such
__ 1 as parentheses ( ),
23 – 5 ​​    ​​
Evaluate _____
​​  15 + 9  ​​.  8   brackets [ ], braces { },
and fraction bars are
used to clarify or
change the order of
operations. So, evaluate
Learn  Plan for Problem Solving expressions inside
Using a four-step problem-solving plan can help you make sense of grouping symbols first.
problems and persevere in solving them. For fraction bars,
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evaluate the numerator

Key Concept • Four-Step Problem-Solving Plan and denominator before
Step 1 Identify and understand the task. completing the division.
Read the task carefully, and make sure you understand what
question to answer or problem to solve.
Step 2 Plan your approach. Think About It!
Choose a strategy. Plan the steps you will use to complete How can using this
the task. four-step problem-
solving plan help you
Step 3 Solve the problem.
effectively solve
Use the strategy you chose in Step 2 to solve the problem. problems?
Step 4 Check the solution.
Make sure that your solution is reasonable and completes Sample answer: It can help
the task. me keep track of the
important steps to solving
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 Example 8  Write and Evaluate Expressions
MONEY Thursdays are Student Days at LSC Theaters. Student
tickets are $5 and popcorn refills are free. You will buy a ticket and
a 20-ounce bottle of water, and you will split the cost of a large tub
of popcorn and large candy with a friend. How much money should
you bring?
Popcorn Drinks Snacks
Mini Tub $3.00 20 oz $5.00 Fruit Snacks $3.00
Medium Tub $5.00 32 oz $5.50 Hot Dog $5.00
Large Tub $7.50 44 oz $6.00 Candy $3.50

Understand We are given what you will buy, the cost of each item,
Math History Minute and the cost of the popcorn and candy that will be split with a friend.
Hungarian We are asked to find the amount of money that will be spent .
mathematician George
Pólya (1887–1985) is Plan
known as the father of Step 1  Write an expression to represent the total cost of the ticket,
mathematical problem drink, and food.
solving. One of his
books, How to Solve It, Step 2  Evaluate the expression to find the cost.
was a bestseller that
was translated into Solve
17 languages. In it,
Pólya describes a four- Step 1  Write the expression for the total cost in dollars.
step plan for problem ticket drink popcorn candy
solving. 1 1 3.50
5 5 + ​​ __ 7.50 + ​​ __
+ 2  ​​ · 2  ​​ ·

Step 2 Use the order of operations to evaluate the expression.

1 1
5 + 5 + __
​​  2  ​​ · 7.50+ __
​​  2  ​​ · 3.50 Original expression

= 5 + 5 + 3.75 + 1.75
= 15.50

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Check The cost of the ticket and water is $ 10 . The total cost of
the popcorn and candy is $ 11 . So half of that cost is $ 5.50 . The
total is $10 + $5.50 or $ 15.50 .

Check 
PETS While she was on a 7-day Service Cost
vacation, Ms. Hernandez boarded her Board $24 per day
dog at a kennel. If her boarding budget
Wash $45
is $250, can Ms. Hernandez afford a
Extra walk $4 per day
daily extra walk and one wash and nail
Nail trimming $12
trimming? Explain.
No; the total cost would be $253. Vitamins $1 per day

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8 Module 1 • Expressions
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