PART I – INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Module 6

INTEGRATION OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

We recall from Differential Calculus

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES that:
At the end of the lesson, the students must d 1 du
( arcsin u )= 2 .
be able to: dx √1−u dx
(a) Recall inverse trigonometric functions;
(b) Perform integration of inverse d −1 . du
( arccos u )=
trigonometric functions; and dx √ 1−u2 dx
(c) Find interest in learning the lessons.
d 1 . du
( arctan u )=
dx 1+u 2 dx

d −1 du
( arccot u )= .
dx 1+u 2 dx

d 1 du
( Arcsec u )= .
dx u √u −1 dx
2

d −1 du
( Arccsc u )= .
dx u √u −1 dx
2

Integrating both sides of the differential formulas above, we have the following formulas:

du
dx = Arcsin u + c
(6 a ) ∫
√ 1−u 2

−du
dx = Arccos u + c
(6 b ) ∫
√ 1−u 2

du
dx = Arctan u + c
(6 c ) ∫ 2
1+u

−du
(6d) dx = Arccot + c
∫ 2
1+u

du
(6e) ∫ dx = Arcsec u + c
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u √u −1
2

−du
(6f) dx = Arccsc u + c
 u √u −1

EXERCISES/APPLICATIONS

Evaluate the following:

dx
1. ∫ √1−¿ ¿ ¿
Solution:

a2 = 1 ; a = 1

u2 = (3x)2 ; u = 3x ; du = 3 dx

du
Use either formula (6a) ∫ dx = Arcsin u + c or
√ 1−u 2

du u
formula (6g) ∫ = Arcsin +c , a>0
√a a
2
2−¿u
¿
du
Using formula (6a) ∫ dx = Arcsin u + c :
√ 1−u 2

dx 1 3 dx
∫ √1−¿ ¿ ¿ = 3 ∫ √1−¿ ¿ ¿

1
= 3 Arcsin 3x + c

du u
Using formula (6g) ∫ = Arcsin +c :
√a a
2
2−¿u
¿
dx 1 3 dx
∫ √1−¿ ¿ ¿ = 3 ∫ √1−¿ ¿ ¿

1 3x
= 3 Arcsin 1 + c

1
= 3 Arcsin 3x + c

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 −dx
2. ∫
√1−25 x2
Solution:

a2 = 1 ; a = 1

u2 = 25x2 ; u = 5x ; du = 5 dx

−du
Use formula (6b) ∫ dx = Arccos u + c
√ 1−u 2

−dx 1 −5 dx
∫ √1−25 x2 = 5 ∫ √1−25 x2

1
= 5 Arccos 5x + c

dx
3. ∫ √ 9−4 x 2
Solution:
a2 = 9 ; a = 3

u2 = 4x2 ; u = 2x ; du = 2 dx

du u
Applying formula (6g) ∫ = Arcsin +c , a>0
√a a
2
2−¿u
¿

dx 1 2 dx
∫ √ 9−4 x 2 = 2 ∫ √ 9−4 x 2

1 2x
= 2 Arcsin 3 + c

dx
4. ∫
16+9 x 2
Solution:
a2 = 16 ; a = 4

u2 = 9x2 ; u = 3x ; du = 3dx

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 du 1 u
Applying formula (6 h) ∫ 2 = Arctan +c
a2+¿ u
¿ a a

dx 1 3 dx
∫ 2 =3∫
16+9 x 16+9 x 2

1 1 3x
= 3 .4 Arctan
4
+c

1 3x
= 12 Arctan
4
+c

dx
5. ∫ x √ 1−4 ln 2 x
Solution:
a2 = 1 ; a = 1

2
u2 = 4ln2x ; u = 2lnx ; du = dx
x
du u
Applying formula (6g) ∫ = Arcsin +c , a>0
√a a
2
2−¿u
¿

dx 1 2 dx
∫ x √ 1−4 ln 2 x = 2 ∫ x √ 1−4 ln 2 x

1 2lnx
= 2 Arcsin 1 + c

1
= 2 Arcsin (2 lnx) + c

dy
6. ∫ 2
9 y +6 y +5
Solution:
Regrouping and completing the square:

dy dy
∫ = ∫ 2
( 9 y ¿¿ 2+6 y +1)+4 ¿ (3 y +1) + 4

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 a2 = 4 ; a = 2

u2 = (3y+1)2 ; u = 3y+1 ; du = 3dy

du 1 u
Applying formula (6 h) ∫ 2 = Arctan +c
2+¿ u
a ¿ a a

dy dy
∫ = ∫ 2
( 9 y ¿¿ 2+6 y +1)+4 ¿ (3 y +1) + 4
1 3 dy
=3∫ 2
(3 y +1) + 4

1 1 3 y+1
= 3. 2 Arctan
2
+c

1 3 y+1
=6 Arctan +c
2

dx
7. ∫ 2
4 x +9
Solution:
a2 = 9 ; a = 3

u2 = 4x2 ; u = 2x ; du = 2dx

du 1 u
Applying formula (6 h) ∫ 2 =a Arctan +c
2+¿ u
a ¿ a

dx 1 2 dx
∫ = 2∫
4 x 2 +9 16+9 x 2

1 1 2x
= 2 .3 Arctan
3
+c

1 2x
=6 Arctan
3
+c

x dx
8. ∫ √ 4−x 4

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 Solution:
a2 = 4 ; a = 2

u2 = x4 ; u = x2 ; du = 2x dx

du u
Applying formula (6g) ∫ = Arcsin +c , a>0
√a a
2
2−¿u
¿

xdx 1 2 xdx
∫ √ 4−x 4 = 2 ∫ √ 4−x 4

2
1 x
= 2 Arcsin + c
2

2x
e dx
9. ∫
√ 4−e 4 x
Solution:
a2 = 4 ; a = 2

u2 = e4x ; u =e2x ; du = 2e2x dx

du u
Applying formula (6g) ∫ = Arcsin +c , a>0
√a
2
2−¿u
¿ a

e 2 x dx 1 2 e 2 x dx
∫ =2 ∫
√ 4−e 4 x √ 4−e 4 x
2x
1 e
= 2 Arcsin +c
2

e3 x dx
10. ∫ 6x
9+4 e
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Solution:
a2 = 9 ; a = 3

u2 = 4e6x ; u = 2e3x ; du = 2 e3x . 3dx = 6 e3x dx

du 1 u
Applying formula (6 h) ∫ 2 = Arctan +c
2+¿ u
a ¿ a a

3x 3x
e dx
∫ = 1 ∫ 6 e dx6 x
9+ 4 e
6x
6 9+ 4 e

1 1 2 e3 x
= 6 .3 Arctan +c
3

3x
1 2e
= 18 Arctan +c
3

EVALUATION

Evaluate the following:

dv
1. ∫ √1−25 x2

dx
2. ∫ 2
x +25

dx
3. ∫ 2
49−25 x

x
e dx
4. ∫
√1−x 4
dz
5. ∫ 2
x +6 z +10

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 2
sec x dx
6. ∫
√5−sec2 x
y dy
7. ∫ √25−16 y 4

x dx
8. ∫
9+ x 4

dx
9. ∫ 2
4 x −4 x +5

2x
e dx
10. ∫
81+e 4 x

READINGS/ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Hyperbolic Functions

REFERENCES

Feliciano, F. and F. Uy. 1983. Differential and Integral Calculus. Merriam and Webster Bookstore,
Inc.
Love, C. and E. Rainville. 1970. Differential and Integral Calculus. The Mcmillan Company, New
York.

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