Propyne

ALCOHOL, OH
 ALCOHOL, OH
Alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH)
functional group on an aliphatic carbon atom.
They are an important class of molecules with many
scientific, medical, and industrial uses.
They are polar in nature. This is attributed to the
difference in electronegativity between the carbon and
the oxygen atoms.
 ALCOHOL, OH
In chemical reactions, alcohols often cannot leave
the molecule on their own; to leave, they often
become protonated to water, which is a better
leaving group.
Alcohols also can become deprotonated in the
presence of a strong base.
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
Alcohols with one or more carbon atoms are frequently called by
common names, in which the name of the alkyl group is followed
by the word alcohol:
CH₃OH - Methyl alcohol
CH₃CH₂OH - Ethyl alcohol
CH₃CH₂CH₂OH - Prophyl alcohol
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
According to the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC), alcohols are named by changing the ending
of the parent alkane name to -ol.
Here are some basic IUPAC rules for naming alcohols:
1.The longest continuous chain (LCC) of carbon atoms
containing the OH group is taken as the parent compound—an
alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. The chain is
numbered from the end nearest the OH group.
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
2. The number that indicates the position of the OH group
is prefixed to the name of the parent hydrocarbon, and
the –e”ending of the parent alkane is replaced by the
suffix -ol.
3. If more than one OH group appears in the same
molecule (polyhydroxy alcohols), suffixes such as -diol and
-triol are used. In these cases, the -e ending of the parent
alkane is retained.
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
The –OH group is in
carbon 2.
There are 3 carbon
chains in this
1 2
alcohol.
3
2-propanol
Instead of saying propane, its going to be propanol. And based on
the IUPAC rule, an alcohol is named by dropping the terminal “-e”
of the parent carbon chain (alkane, alkene, or alkyne in most
cases) and the addition of “-ol” as the ending. Since, the OH
group is in carbon 2, this is named as ……
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
methyl
OH group
There are 3 carbon
chains in this
1 2 Methyl and
alcohol.
3 OH are both
in carbon 2

2-methyl-2-propanol

Since, the OH group is in carbon 2, and a methyl on carbon 2, this

is named as ……
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
The –OH group is in
carbon 2.
There are 5 carbon
chains in this 2 4
alcohol.
1 3 5

2-pentanol

Since, the OH group is in carbon 2, this is named as ……

 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
There are 2 –OH
and this is known as
3 6
There are 6 carbon 2 4 diol.
chains in this 1 5
alcohol.
hexane
3,4-hexanediol

Since, the OH group is on carbon 3 and on carbon 4, this going to

be…..
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
There are –OH and
Br as substituents.
There are 5 carbon 3 2 1
chains in this 5 4 The OH group is in
alcohol. carbon 1
And this may call
And bromo in
pentanol carbon 4

4-bromo-1-pentanol
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
Since OH is at the
middle, which
direction you will
start counting?
2-bromo-4chloro-3pentanol
There are three
substituents in this
molecule- Br, Cl, and
OH.
33
42 4 We still need to put
1
5 2 51 substituents in
alphabetical order,
so bromo will come
4-bromo-2chloro-3pentanol before chloro now.

So, which name is the correct IUPAC name for this molecule?
2-bromo-4chloro-3pentanol
Remember: The first substituent, if possible, you want it to be lower in number. So, 2 is lower
than 4.
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
What if you will be given a condensed structure like this?
CH₃OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
4 3 2 1

And a
This is hydroxy
methoxy 3 1 group on
group on 4 carbon 1
carbon 4
2
4-methoxy- 1-butanol
Whenever you have a hydroxy group and methoxy group, methoxy will be given priority and
this become part of the parent name.Therefore, instead of saying butane, it’s butanol.

Since, the OH group is in carbon 1, it’s 1-butanol And methoxy group from carbon 4, so its ….
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
What if we have an alcohol on a ring?

1 Since it is in a
There are 5 5 2 ring, it refers to
carbon atoms in cyclo
a ring. 4 3

pentane
Cyclopentanol
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
What if we have 2 substituents on a ring?

And an ethyl
A hydroxy group 1 group
6 2
3
hexane 5
4

3-ethyl-cyclohexanol
 Nomenclature of Alcohol, OH
What if we have 3 substituents on a ring?

And an ethyl
A hydroxy group 1 group
6 1
2 6 2
Methyl group 5 3 5
3
4 Clockwise:
4 2,5
Counterclockwise:
3,6

2-ethyl-5-methyl-cyclohexanol