INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

PULCHOWK CAMPUS

A REPORT ON
CFD Analysis using ANSYS

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

Name: Birat Duwadi Department of Mechanical and

Roll no. 076BME007 Aerospace Engineering
 INTRODUCTION :

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the analysis of fluid flows using numerical
solution methods. Using CFD, we are able to analyze complex problems of fluid
interactions with solids, fluids or gases. The CFD analysis often take important tasks
in engineering fields such as aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, where quantities
such as lift and drag or field properties as pressures and velocities are obtained.
Fluid dynamics is involved with physical laws in the form of partial differential
equations. Sophisticated CFD solvers transform these laws into algebraic equations
and are able to efficiently solve these equations numerically.
CFD analysis save time in design process thus making the process faster and
economically feasible in comparison to real life tests for data acquisition.

Ansys fluent:
To perform CFD analysis we are using ANSYS Fluent, a software specializing in fluid
simulation. It has advanced physics modeling capabilities and high level of accuracy.
We have the 2022 R1 Student version of the software and will be enough for our
tutorials and exercises.
Finite volumes method (FVM) is used by ansys fluent to solve the partial differential
equations that define the energy, mass and momentum conservation. The
equations that FVM solves are following:
Objectives :
➢ To setup, solve and post-process a simple problem in ANSYS Fluent.
➢ To answer the questions asked in the question
➢ To simulate developing flow in a circular pipe
VELOCITY CONTOURS:

In the above picture, we can see a color band where dark blue indicates 0 m/s and the red
one indicates the maximum velocity achieved which is about 1.5 m/s. But due to some
error involved we got 1.433 m/s which is near 1.5 m/s which we can achieve by mesh
refinement. And we see that there is blue strip near the wall region which indicates that
the velocity near wall is 0 m/s which is due to no slip condition. Also we noticed that the
velocity gradually increases from inlet to outlet i.e. 1 m/s to near about 1.5 m/s and it can
be noted that the velocity is almost uniform in fully developed region.
PRESSURE CONTOURS:

Here we can observe that the pressure gradually decreases across the pipe unlike the
velocity contour where we saw the variation of velocity from centerline towards the wall.
Since we set the boundary condition of 0 atm at the outlet (gauge pressure) which we
obtained as expected and at the inlet the pressure is maximum which is around 1.768 atm.
Since the velocity is minimum at the inlet so pressure has to be maximum which indicates
that the pressure contours we obtained is right.
VELOCITY ALONG THE CENTERLINE:

Even from the velocity profile plot at the centerline we can see that the profile is parabolic
and we can notice that at the outlet the axial velocity is maximum i.e. 1.5m/s and as we
move from the inlet to the outlet the velocity seems to increase gradually .
In the plot below the red curve is for the problem with less mesh and we observe that
there is slight difference in velocity i.e. around 1.48 from what we expected to be 1.5 m/s.
This slight error has been removed with the help of mesh refinement which is shown by
blue colored plot where we can see that the velocity is 1.5 m/s . So we can conclude that
with the help of fine mesh we can obtain better result i.e. with least possible error
Pressure variation along the wall channel:

In the figure below we can see that the pressure decreases sharply initially within the
boundary layer effect and after that the pressure seems to decrease gradually along the
wall and finally reaches 0 atm (gauge pressure) at the outlet as we set the boundary
condition of 0 atm at the outlet
Drag coefficient monitor:

Here we can see that the drag coefficient is not varying for many iterations which is
about 0.38 which is close to skin friction coefficient in the fully developed region of 0.35.