Wednesday,

Halogen reactivity 06 November

2019
Keywords: halogen, halide, displacement, noble gas, inert
Learning
Objectives Do it now
To be able to describe the
reactions of halogens with What are the
metals & hydrogen halogens?
To investigate the relative Can you name
reactivity of halogens as
shown by their displacement
them?
reactions 2. Complete the
To describe the discovery, exam questions on
properties & uses of noble the next two slides.
 What are the general properties of the halogens?
All the halogens are:
● non-metals and so do not conduct electricity
● brittle and crumbly when solid
● toxic or harmful . They are all toxic or harmful
because they are so reactive.
Before antiseptics, iodine
was used to clean wounds as
it is harmful to all things,
including bacteria.
They become darker in colour down the group:
is pale yellow
is yellow-green What colour would you
is red-brown expect astatine to be?

is grey-black
 Halogen Melting Boiling State at room Colour
point Point temperature
(oC) (oC) (25oC)
Fluorine -220 -188
(F)

Chlorine -101 -35

(Cl)

Bromine -7 59
(Br)

Iodine 114 184

(I)

Astatine 302 337

(At)
 Halogen Melting Boiling State at room Colour
point Point temperature
(oC) (oC) (25oC)
Fluorine -220 -188
(F) gas pale-yello
w
Chlorine -101 -35
gas yellow-gre
(Cl)
n
Bromine -7 59
(Br) liquid brown

Iodine 114 184

(I) solid grey-black

Astatine 302 337

(At) solid black
 Halogen Compounds
When halogens react with another substance,
they are called halides.
The name each halogen changes once it has reacted
– instead of ending with ‘–ine’, they end with ‘-ide’.

Halogen reaction Halide

(F) fluoride (F-)
(Cl) chloride (Cl-)
(Br) bromide (Br-)
(I) iodide (I-)
 Halogen Compounds
The reactivity of halogens means that they
readily react with most metals.
What type of compounds do they form?
Using your table of ions write the chemical
formula for each of the following compounds:

2+ nickel (II)
N i chloride
NiCl2

2+ copper (II) CuCl2

u
C chloride
 Reactivity of Halogens
Astatine is the halogen that appears directly
below iodine in the periodic table.
How do you think astatine would react with iron
wool?
Write a word equation for the reactions of
chlorine, bromine & iodine with iron (Fe3+):
halogen + iron  iron (III) halide

chlorine + iron  iron (III) chloride

3Cl2 (g) + 2Fe (s)  2FeCl3 (s)
 Reactions of Halogens with Hydrogen
Group 7 elements form molecular covalent compounds
when they react with other non-metals.

H Cl
+ 🡪 H Cl

hydrogen chlorine hydrogen chloride

All hydrogen halides are gases. They dissolve easily

in water and become strong acids (e.g. HCl (aq)).
 Reacting halogens with metals: iron wool
When a metal and a non-metal react together, the metal
loses electrons to form a positive ion (cation), and the
non-metal gains these electrons to form a negative ion
(anion). These oppositely charged ions are strongly
attracted to one another and form a bond called an IONIC
BOND.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qvs4NTB71uY
The halogen song
 Displacement of halogens
If a halogen is added to a solution of a compound containing a
less reactive halogen, it will react with the compound and form
a new one.
This is called displacement.

fluorine + sodium 🡪 sodium + chlorine

chloride fluoride

A more reactive halogen will always displace a less reactive

halide from its compounds in solution.

Can you copy this

please?
 Halogen displacement reactions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y06IoBUeVbw#t=39

Mr Miss + Miss Mr Miss Miss

Sodium Iodide Bromine Sodium Bromide Iodine

Sodium Iodide + Bromine Sodium Bromide + Iodine

2 NaI + Br2 2 NaBr + I2

 Halogen displacement reactions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y06IoBUeVbw#t=39

Mr Ms Ms Ms Ms Ms
Potassium Bromide Chlorine Potassium Chloride Bromine

Potassium Potassium + Bromine

+ Chlorine Chloride
Bromide

2 KBr (aq) + Cl2 (aq) 2 KCl (aq) + Br2 (aq)

 Displacement reactions between
solutions of halogens and metal halides (salts)
salt (aq) potassium potassium potassium
chloride solution bromide iodide solution
solution
(colourless) (colourless)
halogen (colourless)
Chlorine water Orange Brown
(colourless) solution (Br2) solution (I2)
formed formed
Bromine water Brown
(colourless) No reaction solution (I2)
formed

Iodine
water No reaction No reaction
(colourless
)
 Displacement reactions between
solutions of halogens and metal halides (salts)
salt (aq) potassium potassium potassium
chloride bromide iodide

halogen
potassium potassium
chlorine
chloride + chloride +
bromine iodine

bromine potassium
no reaction bromide +
iodine

iodine
no reaction no reaction
 Displacement reactions between
solutions of halogens and metal halides (salts)
salt (aq)
potassium potassium potassium
chloride bromide iodide
halogen

chlorine 2KCl + Br2 2KCl +

I2
bromine no reaction 2KBr +
I2

iodine no reaction no reaction

https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/halogens-chemical-displacement-6393802
Considering Your Results
- Is there a pattern in your observations of the
displacement reactions?
- Is this pattern similar or different to patterns in
reactivity for other groups in the periodic table?
- Can you use your results to predict how reactive
fluorine is, compared to the other halogens?
Explain your answer.
Considering Your Results
- Complete the equations below to show what
happens if the following
- aqueous solutions are mixed. If nothing
happens, write no reaction.
- a) potassium chloride + fluorine →
……………………….…………………….
- b) sodium fluoride + bromine →
………………………..……………………….
- c) sodium iodide + fluorine →
……………………………..…………………….
 Word Fill
Choose from the words below to complete the
sentences:
a) A reaction in which one halogen replaces another in
displacement
a compound is called a ………………………
reactionmore
less
b) A ……………………… reactive halogen will
displace a ……………………… hydrogen reactive halogen
from its compounds acids
c) Halides react with ……………………… to form
hydrogen
less halides – these
hydrogen form ………………………
displacement
whenacids
dissolved in waterlose
more
Choose from the words below to complete the sentences:
a) A reaction in which one halogen replaces another
in a compound is called a ………………………
reaction
b) A ……………………… reactive halogen will
displace a ……………………… reactive halogen
from its compounds
c) Halides react with ……………………… to form
hydrogen halides – these form
……………………… when dissolved in water

less hydrogen displacement

acids more lose
 Displacement Reactions
If a halogen is added to a solution of a compound
containing a less reactive halogen, it will react
with the compound and form a new one. This is
called displacement.
sodium sodium
fluorine +  + chlorine
chloride fluoride
F2 (aq) + 2NaCl (aq)  2NaF (aq) + Cl2 (aq)

A more reactive halogen will always displace a

less reactive halide from its compounds in
 Reactions of Halogens with
Hydrogen
Halogens react with hydrogen to create hydrogen
halides.
What type of bonding occurs? Why

H + Cl 🡪 H Cl

hydrogen chlorine hydrogen chloride

Unlike their reactions with metals, halogens share electrons
with non-metals, forming covalent compounds.
All hydrogen halides are gases. They dissolve easily in
water and become strong acids.
 Displacement Reactions
If a metal halide is mixed with a more reactive halogen, the
extra electron will be transferred from the less reactive to
the more reactive halogen. -
-
+
sodium chlorine
chloride
Na Cl
Cl

-
fluorine
fluoride F
 Key Question
Write a balanced equation
for the reaction between
potassium iodide and
chlorine.

The formulae you need are:

KI, Cl2, KCl, I2
KI + Cl2 🡪 KCl + I2
Explain why this reaction
happens.