Contributors to Intelligence

 Intelligence is also strongly influenced by the environment. During a child's

development, factors that contribute to intelligence include their home environment
and parenting, education and availability of learning resources, and healthcare
and nutrition.
Two-factor theory proposes that intelligence has two components:
1. HEREDITY - refers to the genes one inherits from his/her parents, which provide the
upper and lower limits of his/her intelligence quotient.
- This is the raw biological materials of intelligence.

2. ENVIRONMENT - involves the experiences and the psychological and physical

exposure of the individual to the various influences around him/her.
- The home, school, and community as well as the things happening therein are
examples of one’s environment.
MOTIVATION
 is the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do.
Psychologist approach the concept of motivation by putting forward theories that seek to
explain the levels of motivations of individuals, some of which are as follows:
a. Evolutionary Theory – according to this theory, the motivation for sex, achievement,
aggression, and other behaviors is rooted in the organism evolutionary past.

b. Drive Reduction Theory – this theory explains that organisms are driven by
psychological needs.
- A need energizes one’s drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation.

c. Optimum Arousal Theory

 The Yerkes-Dodson Law – states that performance is at its highest under
conditions of moderate arousal rather than high or low arousal.
 Low Arousal – one might be too lazy or unwilling to perform the task.
 Moderate Arousal – is often the best in dealing with tasks. At times, the level of
arousal may also depend on the kind of task on hand.
 High Arousal – one might not be able to concentrate on performing the task.

d. Cognitive Approach – the contemporary view of motivation emphasizes that

cognitive factors determine motivation level.

 The two aspects of Cognitive Approach to motivation are intrinsic and extrinsic
motivations.

 Intrinsic Motivation – refers to internal factors like self-determination, curiosity,

challenge, and effort.
  Extrinsic Motivation – involves outside factors such as rewards and
punishments.

 Some psychologists contend that many successful individuals are both

intrinsically and extrinsically motivated.

Prepared by:

JEB RAE M. GIGANTONE