PCAR 7 – Instrument and Equipment

Flight Recorders
a) Flight recorders systems shall be constructed, located and installed so as to provide
maximum practical protection for the recordings in order that the recorded information
may be preserved, recovered and transcribed.
(1) Non-deployable flight recorder containers shall:
(i) be painted a distinctive orange or yellow color;
(ii) carry reflective material to facilitate their location;
and
(iii) have securely attached an automatically activated
underwater locating device operating at a frequency of
37.5 kHz. This device shall operate for a minimum of 30 to
90 days.
(2) Automatic deployable flight recorder containers shall:
(i) be painted a distinctive orange color
(ii) carry reflective material to facilitate their location;
and
(iii) have an integrated automatically activated ELT
(Emergency Locator Transmitter – 406 MHz – Activated by
impact or manually).
(b) Flight recorder systems shall be installed so that:
(1) The probability of damage to the recordings is minimized;
(2) They receive electrical power from a bus that provides the maximum reliability for
operation of the flight recorder systems without jeopardizing service to essential or
emergency loads;
(3) There is an aural or visual means for pre-flight checking that the flight recorder systems
are operating properly; and
(4) If the flight recorder systems have a bulk erasure device, the installation shall be
designed to prevent operation of the device during flight time or crash impact.
(5) They meet the prescribed crashworthiness and fire protection specifications (able to
withstand 1000 gforce.

Aeronautical Emergency Frequency is 121.5 MHz

PCAR 8 – Operations
PROHIBITION IN USE OF PHSYCOACTIVE SUBSTANCES, INCLUDING NARCOTICS, DRUGS OR
ALCOHOL
(a) No person may act or attempt to act as a crew member of a civil aircraft:
(1) Within 8 hours after the consumption of any alcoholic beverage;
(2) While under the influence of alcohol; or
(3) While using any drug that affects the person's faculties in any way contrary to safety.
INSTRUMENT APPROACH OPERATING MINIMA
(f) Instrument approach operations shall be classified based on the designed lowest operating
minima below which an approach operation shall only be continued with the required visual
reference as follows:
(1) Type A: a minimum descent height or decision height at or above 75 m (250 ft); and
(2) Type B: a decision height below 75 m (250 ft). Type B instrument approach operations
are categorized as:
(A) Category I (CAT I): a decision height not lower than 60 m (200 ft) and with
either a visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550m;
(B) Category II (CAT II): a decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not
lower than 30 m (100 ft) and a runway visual range not less than 300 m;
(C) Category IIIA (CAT IIIA): a decision height lower than 30 m (100 ft) or no
decision height and a runway visual range not less than 175 m;
(D) Category IIIB (CAT IIIB): a decision height lower than 15 m (50 ft), or no
decision height and a runway visual range less than 175 m but not less than
50 m; and
(E) Category IIIC (CAT IIIC): no decision height and no runway visual range
limitations.
PCAR 9 – Air Operator Certificate and Administration
APPLICATION FOR AN AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

(b) Each applicant shall make the application for an initial issue of an
AOC at least 90 days before the date of intended operation, except the
Operations Manual specified in Subpart 9.3.1.2 and Maintenance
Control Manual specified in Subpart 9.4.1.4, which may be submitted
later but not less than 60 days before the date of intended operation.

(c) Each applicant shall provide required financial information in

accordance with Subpart9.1.1.12, as applicable, along with the
application for the initial issue or renewal.
DURATION OF AN AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE
(a) An AOC, or any portion of the AOC, issued by the Authority is effective for a period of five (5)
years and remains valid until:
(1) The Authority amends, suspends, revokes or otherwise terminates the certificate;
(2) The operator surrenders it to the Authority; or
(3) The operator suspends operations for more than 60 days.
(4) An operator shall make application for renewal of an AOC at least 30 days before the
`end of the existing period of validity.

CONDUCTING TESTS AND INSPECTION

(a) The Authority will conduct on-going validation of the operator’s continued eligibility to hold its
AOC and associated approvals.
(b) The operator shall allow the Authority to conduct tests and inspections, at any time or place, to
determine whether an operator is complying with the applicable laws, regulations and AOC terms
and conditions.
(c) The operator shall make available at its principal base of operations:
(1) All portions of its current Air Operator Certificate;
(2) All portions of its Operations and Maintenance Manuals; and
(3) A current listing that includes the location and individual positions responsible for each
record, document and report required to be kept by the AOC holder under the applicable
aviation law, regulations or standards.
(d) Failure by any operator to make available to the Authority upon request, all portions of the AOC,
Operations and Maintenance Manuals and any required record, document or report is grounds for
suspension of all or part of the AOC.
PCAR 10 – Commercial Air Transport By Foreign Air Carriers
VALIDATION OF OPERATOR CERTIFICATE
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VALIDATION OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE
(a) No foreign air operator may commence commercial air transport operations in
and to the Republic of the Philippines, until the Validation of Air Operator
Certificate has been issued.
(b) Where an air operator wishes to apply to operate in the Republic of the
Philippines it shall:
(1) Make such application to the Authority in the form and manner
prescribed in Implementing Standards IS: 10.2.1.1; and
(2) Pay the prescribed fees.
CONDITIONS FOR THE ISSUANCE OF VALIDATION OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE
(a) The Director General may issue a Validation of Air Operator Certificate to an air operator who
does not hold an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Authority to conduct commercial air
operations in the Republic of the Philippines wherein the Director General is satisfied that such air
operator:
(1) Has a valid Air Operator Certificate issued by a foreign Civil Aviation Authority;
(2) Has had its Aircraft Operator Security Program approved by its Civil Aviation Authority
for the operations intended;
(3) Meets the applicable flight operations requirements in PCAR Part 8 and the equipment
requirements in PCAR Part 7 for the operation to be conducted;
(4) Meets the standards contained in applicable Annexes to the Chicago Convention for the
operations to be conducted; and
(5) Philippine Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) approval.
DURATION AND RENEWAL OF VALIDATION OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE
(a) A Validation of Air Operator Certificate issued by the Authority shall be effective and remains
valid until:
(1) The expiry date of the Foreign Air Operator Certificate or 24 months from date of
issuance of the Validation Certificate whichever comes first;
(2) The Authority amends, suspends, revokes or otherwise terminates the Validation
Certificate;
(3) The Foreign Authority concerned suspends, revokes or otherwise terminates the
Foreign AOC;
(4) The operator surrenders it to the Authority; or
(5) The operator suspends operations for more than 60 days.
(b) An Operator shall make application for the renewal of a Validation of Foreign Air Operator
Certificate at least 30 days before the end of the existing period of validity.
PCAR 11 – Aerial Work and Operating Limitations For Non-Type Certificated Aircraft
RPA RESTRICTED AREAS OF OPERATION
(a) No person may operate RPA within the following envelope unless prior approval has been
granted by the Authority:
(1) 400ft Above Ground Level (AGL);
(2) 10 km radius from the Aerodrome Reference Point (ARP);
(b) The RPA shall stay clear of populated area unless prior approval has been granted by the
Authority.
(2) Before giving an approval under paragraph (b), the Authority must be satisfied that the
person who intends to operate the RPA will take proper precautions to prevent the
proposed flight from being dangerous to people and property.
(c) No person may operate an RPA in a controlled or prohibited airspace unless authorized by the
Authority.
REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AND SPECIAL CERTIFICATED
OF AIRWORTHINESS
(a) All RPAs used for commercial operations are required to be registered with the
Authority regardless of weight.

(b) Non-commercial Large RPA shall be duly registered with the Authority.

(c) RPAs with a gross weight of 150kgs and above are required to obtain a Special
Certificate of Airworthiness (SCA) or an Experimental Certificate (EC) in accordance
with PCAR Part 5.
PCAR 13 – Accident and Incident Reporting and Investigation
PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY: ACCIDENT/INCIDENT INITIAL REPORTING
IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATION
(a) The operator of any Philippine-registered civil aircraft, or any State aircraft not operated by the
military, or any foreign aircraft shall immediately, and by the most expeditious means available,
notify the Authority/Chairman when an aircraft accident or incident listed in IS 13.030, IS 13.175-1
to IS 13.175-3 occur.

RELEVANT PERSONS
a) In this Sub-part, “relevant person” means —
(1) the owner, operator, pilot-in-command or hirer of the aircraft at the time of the
accident or incident; or
(2) where the accident or incident occurs on or adjacent to an aerodrome in Republic of
the Philippines, the owner or operator of the aerodrome.
FORWARDING BY THE OPERATOR OF AN ACCIDENT OR INCIDENT REPORT
(a) The operator of a civil, state or foreign aircraft shall file a report in the form and manner
prescribed by the Authority—
(1) Within 10 days after an accident or incident; or
(2) After 7 days if an overdue aircraft is still missing.
(b) An Operator Incident Report on an incident for which immediate notification is required shall be
filed to the Chairman as required by notice in writing with such information as is in his possession or
control with respect to the incident and in such form and at such time as may be specified by the
Chairman.
LIST OF EXAMPLES OF SERIOUS INCIDENTS
1. A near collision requiring an avoidance maneuver to avoid a collision or an unsafe situation or
when an avoidance action would have been appropriate.
2. Collisions not classified as accidents.
3. A controlled flight into terrain only marginally avoided.
4. An aborted take-off on a closed or engaged runway, on a taxiway (excluding authorized
operations by helicopters) or unassigned runway.
5. A take-off from a closed or engaged runway, from a taxiway (excluding authorized operations by
helicopters) or unassigned runway.
6. A landing or an attempted landing on a closed or engaged runway, on a taxiway (excluding
authorized operations by helicopters) or unassigned runway.
7. A gross failure to achieve predicted performance during take-off or initial climb.
8. Fire and/or smoke in the cockpit, in the passenger compartment, in the cargo compartment or
engine fire, even though such a fire was extinguished by the use of extinguishing agents.
9. An event requiring the emergency use of oxygen by the flight crew.
10. An aircraft structural failure or engine disintegration, including uncontained turbine engine failure,
not classified as an accident.
11. Multiple malfunctions of one or more aircraft systems seriously affecting the operation of the aircraft.
12. Flight crew incapacitation in flight.
13. Fuel quantity level or distribution situations requiring the declaration of an emergency by the pilot,
such as insufficient fuel, fuel exhaustion, fuel starvation, or inability to use all usable fuel on board.
14. Runway incursions classified with severity A. (per Manual on the Prevention of Runway Incursions
(Document 9870) contains information on the severity classifications.
15. A take-off or landing incident such as undershooting, overrunning or running off the side of runways.
16. A system failure, weather phenomenon, an operation outside the approved flight envelope or other
occurrence which caused or could have caused difficulties controlling the aircraft.
17. Failures of more than one system in a redundancy system mandatory for flight guidance and
navigation.
18. Aircraft collide in flight.
19. Damage to property, other than the aircraft, estimated to exceed $25,000 for repair (including
materials and labor) or fair market value in the event of total loss, whichever is less.
SERIOUS INJURY
(i) requires hospitalization for a period of more than 48 hours, commencing within 7 days from the
date the injury was received; or
(ii) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fracture of fingers, toes or the nose); or
(iii) involves lacerations which cause severe hemorrhage, nerve, muscle or tendon damage; or
(iv) involves injury to any internal organ; or
(v) involves second or third degree burns or any burns affecting more than 5% of the surface of the
body; or
(vi) involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation;
PCAR 18 – Transportation of Dangerous Goods By Air
DANGEROUS GOODS TRANSPORT DOCUMENT
(a) Unless otherwise provided for in the Technical Instructions, no person may offer dangerous
goods for transport by air unless they have completed, signed and provided to the operator a
dangerous goods transport document, which shall contain the information required by those
Instructions.
(b) The transport document shall bear a declaration signed by the person who offer dangerous
goods for transport indicating that the dangerous goods are—
(1) Fully and accurately described by their proper shipping names; and
(2) Classified, packed, marked, and labelled, and
(3) In proper condition or transport by air in accordance with the relevant regulations
(c) The dangerous goods transport document shall be completed in duplicate.
LOADING RESTRICTIONS IN PASSENGER CABIN OR ON FLIGHT DECK
(a) Dangerous goods shall not be carried in an aircraft cabin occupied by passengers or on the
flight deck of an aircraft, except in circumstances permitted by the provisions of the Technical
Instructions.

LEAKAGE OR DAMAGE
(a) No person may load leaking or damaged packages, overpacks or freight containers on an aircraft.

REMOVAL OF CONTAMINATION
(a) The pilot-in-command and the operator shall ensure that any hazardous contamination found on
an aircraft as a result of leakage or damage to dangerous goods is removed without delay
(b) The pilot-in-command and the operator shall ensure that an aircraft which has been
contaminated by radioactive materials is immediately be taken out of service
(c) No person may allow an aircraft that has been contaminated by radioactive materials to be
returned to service until the radiation level at any accessible surface and the non-fixed
contamination are not more than the values specified in the Technical Instructions.

INFORMATION IN THE EVENT OF AN AIRCRAFT INCIDENT OR ACCIDENT

(a) The pilot-in-command and the operator which is involved in an aircraft incident shall—
(1) As soon as possible, inform the appropriate authority of the State in which the aircraft
accident occurred of any dangerous goods carried; and
(2) On request, provide any information required to minimize the hazards created by any
dangerous goods carried.
Note: AOC Holder must report to the authority within 72hrs from the date and time of accident
involving transportation of dangerous goods.

Transport Index – indicator of radiation level

ICAO Annex 18 Dangerous Goods Hazard Class

CLASS DESCRIPTION
1 Explosives
2 Compressed/Liquified Gas
3 Flammable Liquids
4 Flammable Solids
5 Oxidizing Material
6 Poisons/Toxic Substances/Infectious
7 Radioactive Materials
8 Corrosive Substances
9 Miscellaneous (magnetized materials)