MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
QUARTER 1 LECTURE
LESSON 6: LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
Digital Citizenship - A person who acquires the
knowledge and abilities necessary to use the internet
and other digital technologies efficiently is referred to
as a digital citizen. They also make responsible and
proper use of modern technologies and the internet.
Intellectual Property - refers to creations of the mind,
such as inventions; literacy and artistic works; designs;
and symbols, names and images used in commerce.
TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
1. Copyright - a legal device that gives the creator of a
literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole
right to publish and sell that work. Copyright owners
have the right to control the reproduction of their work,
including the right to receive payment for that
reproduction. An author may grant or sell those rights
to others, including publishers or recording companies.
Violation of a copyright is called infringement.
2. Plagiarism - an act or instance of using or closely
imitating the language and thoughts of another author
without authorization; the representation of that
author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the
original author.
Examples of Plagiarism:
 Copying media(images) from other
websites to paste them into your own
papers or websites
 Performing another person's
copyrighted music
 Taking someone's words or ideas as if
they were your own
 Making a video using footage from
others' videos or using copyrighted
music as part of the soundtrack
Fair use is the right to use a copyrighted
work under certain conditions without permission
of the copyright owner such as commentary, search
engines, criticism, parody, news reporting, research,
teaching, and scholarship.
THE SPECTRUM OF RIGHTS
Copyright Creative Public Domain
All rights Commons No rights
reserved Some rights reserved
- Requires the reserved - May be used
permission of - Re-use is free or without
the copyright permitted without permission
owner to re-use permission under
the specific shared
in the license
3. Patent - is an exclusive right granted for an invention,
which is a product or a process that provides, in general,
a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical
solution to a problem. To get a patent, technical
information about the invention must be disclosed to
the public in a patent application.
4. Trademarks - The term trademark refers to an
identifiable insignia, phrase, word, or symbol that
designates a certain product and legally distinguishes it
from all other products of its sort. A trademark
identifies a product as belonging to a specific firm and
acknowledges the company's ownership of the brand.
5. Industrial Design - Protects only the appearance
features of a product such as shape, surface, patterns,
lines, or color
6. Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin -
Signs used on products possessing qualities, a status, or
characteristics that are essentially attributable to that
location of origin.
COMMON ISSUES IN DATA PRIVACY
1. Hacking - The act of compromising digital devices and
networks through unauthorized access to an account or
computer system. Hacking is not always a malicious act,
but it is most commonly associated with illegal activity
and data theft by cyber criminals.
2. Phishing - involves the mass sending of emails from
seemingly real addresses with the goal of tricking
potential victims into opening the links or attachments
included in them.
3. Identity theft - when someone uses your personal individuals, households, businesses, and geographic
information such as: your name, social security number, areas at different socioeconomic (and other
credit card number or other identifying information, demographic) levels. The Global digital divide
without permission to commit fraud or other crimes. designates countries as the units of analysis, and
examines the divide between developing and developed
Cybercrime - are any crimes that involves a computer countries on an international scale.
and a network in some cases the computer may have
been use in order to commit the crime and in other Netiquette - is a made-up word from the words net and
cases the computer may have been the target of the etiquette. Netiquette thus describes the rules of
crime. conduct for respectful and appropriate communication
on the internet.
Cyber Bullying - bullying that takes place online,
or using electronic technology such as cell
phones, computers, and tablets over
communication tools including social media
sites, text messages, chat, and websites.
Examples of cyber bullying: text messages or
emails composed to insult or demean; rumors
or false statements spread by email or posted
on social networking sites; and humiliating
photos, videos, websites, or fake profiles
deliberately shared across social media.

Computer addiction - the excessive use of computers to

the extent that it interferes with daily life. This excessive
use may for example interfere with work or sleep, result
in problems with social interaction, or affect mood,
relationships, and thought processes.

TRIGGERS OF COMPUTER ADDICTION

a. Computer games
b. Online shopping
c. Social Media
d. Computer Streaming
e. Online Gambling

EFFECTS OF COMPUTER ADDICTION

a. leads to problem like weak eyesight and
mental problem
b. makes a person not interested in other
events
c. Back and neck aches
d. Sleep deprivation
e. Anxiety and depression

Digital Divide - an economic inequality between groups

in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT. The
divide within countries (such as the digital divide in the
United States) can refer to inequalities between