Activity 2.

Test of Hypothesis for Paired Observations

Directions: Show a logical solution for each of the following problem. Write the solution
in a short bond paper. (with border lines; 1 cm all sides)

Problem 1.
In a study conducted in the Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Exercises at
Virginia tech, the following data were recorded on sorbic acid residuals, in parts per
million, in ham immediately after dipping in a sorbate solution and after 60 days of storage.

Sorbic Acid Residuals in Ham

Slice Before Storage After Storage

1 224 116
2 270 96
3 400 239
4 444 329
5 590 437
6 660 597
7 1400 689
8 680 576

Assuming the populations to be normally distributed, is there sufficient evidence, at the

0.05 level of significance, to say that the length of storage influences sorbic acid
residual concentrations?
Problem 2.
The operations division manager of a logistics company is trying to identify whether
the use of nitro- gen to fill tires instead of normal air improves fuel economy. The tires of
12 trucks were filled with nitrogen and tested over a prescribed course. Without changing
drivers, the tires of the same trucks were then filled with normal air and driven once again
over the test course. The mileage was recorded as follows:

Mileage (in kilometers/liter)

Truck Using Nitrogen Using Normal Air

1 5.1 4.9
2 4.8 4.8
3 5.4 5.2
4 4.7 4.8
5 5.3 5.1
6 5.6 5.4
7 4.8 4.6
8 4.9 4.8
9 5.0 5.1
10 4.5 4.2
11 5.6 5.5
12 5.1 5.0
Problem 3.
According to published reports, practice un- der fatigued conditions distorts
mechanisms that gov ern performance. An experiment was conducted using 15 college
males, who were trained to make a continuous horizontal right-to-left arm movement from
a mi-croswitch to a barrier, knocking over the barrier co- incident with the arrival of a clock
sweephand to the 6 o'clock position. The absolute value of the difference between the
time, in milliseconds, that it took to knock over the barrier and the time for the sweephand
to reach the 6 o'clock position (500 msec) was recorded. Each participant performed the
task five times under prefatigue and postfatigue conditions, and the sums of the absolute
differences for the five performances were recorded.

Absolute Time Difference

Subject
Prefatigue Postfatigue
1 158 91
2 92 59
3 65 215
4 98 226
5 33 223
6 89 91
7 148 92
8 58 177
9 142 134
10 117 116
11 74 153
12 66 219
13 109 143
14 57 164
15 85 100

An increase in the mean absolute time difference when the task is performed under
postfatigue conditions would support the claim that practice under fatigued conditions
distorts mechanisms that govern performance. Assuming the populations to be normally
dis- tributed, test this claim.