UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PROJECT ASSIGNMENT

COURSE : FLUID MECHANICS

COURSE CODE : ECW422
SEMESTER : OCT 2022 – FEB 2023
DURATION :

This instructional guideline consists of 9 printed pages. Please read and follow the
instruction carefully.

1
 THE FLOATING OBJECT PROJECT

Subject code : ECW422 (Fluid Mechanics)

Semester : Oct 2022 – Feb 2023
Lecturer : Prof. Ts. Dr. Wardah Tahir
Ts. Nurhidayah Hamzah
Dr. Sharifah Abdullah
Ts. Dr. Azianabiha A. Halip

Introduction

1) The floating object project is a part of continuous assessment designed for ECW 422. The
project assignment carries 20% of the total marks for this subject and it has been
constructively aligned with the Course Learning Outcomes and Program Outcomes.

2) This project requires in-depth engineering knowledge (WP1) where the students need to
apply fundamental knowledge (WK3) related to fluid mechanics and specialist knowledge
(WK4) related to hydrostatics and hydrodynamic principle. The problem solving requires
WP3 (depth of analysis) with no obvious solution, abstract thinking, and originality. It is
related to a scenario/situation related to WP4 the infrequently encountered issues or
problems where the floating object is required to be designed to solve the complex
problems.

3) There are two (2) course learning outcomes, two (2) program outcomes, complex problem
characteristics and knowledge profiles (required by EAC Standard 2020) covered in this
project as per summarized in Table 1.

2
 Table 1: Mapping of Course Outcomes (CO), Program Outcomes (PO) and Complex
Engineering Problems (WP) & Knowledge Profiles (WK)

Course Outcome & Knowledge Profiles (WK) Complex Engineering

Program Outcomes Problems Attributes
(WP)
CO1: Apply fundamental WK3: Engineering Fundamentals: WP1: Depth of
knowledge of fluid A systematic, theory-based Knowledge Required =
mechanics in civil formulation of engineering in-depth engineering
fundamentals required in the knowledge at the level of
engineering
engineering discipline one or more of WK3,
PO1: Apply knowledge of WK4, WK6 or WK8 which
WK4: Engineering Specialist: allows a fundamental
mathematics, natural
Engineering specialist knowledge based, first principles
science, engineering that provides theoretical analytical approach, first
fundamentals and frameworks and bodies of principles analytical
engineering specialization to knowledge for the accepted approach. Students are
the solution of complex practice areas in the engineering required to understand the
engineering problems. discipline; much is at the forefront fundamental concept of,
of the discipline. buoyancy force and free
energy in fluid systems
CO1: Formulate civil WK6: Engineering Practice: before constructing the
Knowledge of engineering practice floating object.
engineering problems using
(technology) in the practice areas
hydrostatic and WP3: Depth of analysis =
in the engineering discipline
hydrodynamics principles no obvious solution,
abstract thinking,
PO2: Identify, formulate, originality. Students need
conduct research literature, to design the floating
and analyze complex object using suitable
engineering problems materials and dimension,
reaching substantiated observe and analyse the
conclusions using first data obtained followed by
justification and discussion
principles of mathematics, based on fluid mechanics
natural sciences and principals.
engineering sciences
WP4: Familiarity of
issues - infrequently
encountered issues in
which students need to
solve the problem given,
justify the
material/dimension chosen
and the data obtained
based on the floating
object.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this project the students should be able:

3
 1. To apply the concept of buoyancy and stability of floating object in a fluid system.
2. To analyze the force acting on floating bodies and solve the problem given based
on the principle of momentum.
3. To present the buoyancy and stability of the constructed floating object.

Problem Statement

If a floating object tends to return to its equilibrium location after a short displacement, it is
stable. For instance, floating items will typically exhibit vertical stability because if they are
slightly pushed down, the buoyancy force will increase and, since the weight force is uneven,
will push the object back up. An indicator of a floating body's initial static stability is the
metacentric height (GM). It is determined as the separation between a ship's metacentre and
centre of gravity. Greater initial stability against overturning is implied by a bigger metacentric
height. A hull's natural period of rolling is likewise influenced by the metacentric height, with
particularly large metacentric heights being linked to shorter roll periods that are uncomfortable
for passengers. Therefore, it is thought that the ideal metacentric height for passenger ships is
one that is both sufficient and not excessive.

in this project, two assessments will be carried out which are designing and solving the
problems. Thus, you are required to,
1. Design a floating object by using sustainable materials which following the concept of
buoyancy and stability [PRESENTATION, PROTOTYPE AND REPORT].
2. By taking any 1 diameter of hose nozzle, determine the velocity and flow rate of water jet
if the force exerted by the nozzle that hits you side of the floating body is 50 N. Justify
your answer. Assume your floating object at stationary position [calculation must be
based on your floating object design] [REPORT only]

Therefore, there MUST have two (2) sections of calculation in the REPORT.
1. Show the calculation of the stability of the designed floating object at different loads.
2. Show the calculation of the velocity and flow rate of water jet at selected diameter of
nozzle and justify your answer.

Tasks to be Carried Out

In this project, each student is required to carry out the following tasks:

Task 1: To apply the required fundamental knowledge (WK3) and specialist knowledge (WK4)
in order to analyze the given problems (CO1-PO1), (WP1_WK3 & WK4)

Task 2: To determine any suitable design for the floating objects to demonstrate the buoyancy
and stability effect and to determine a suitable materials/dimensions of the floating object
prototype based on student’s preference and innovativeness. (CO1-PO1), (WP3_WK4 & WK6)

Task 3: [problem statement 1] To produce a prototype that can demonstrate the working
principle of floating bodies. The floating object must be able to float and stable when different
loads were added. Student is required to show calculation of the floating bodies stability to
demonstrate effect of volume of displacement to the stability of floating bodies (CO1-PO1),
(WP4_WK4 & WK6)

4
Task 4: [problem statement 2] To obtain the velocity and flow rate of the water jet using
Bernoulli’s and Pascal’s equations (CO2-PO2), (WP3_WK3 & WK4)

Task 5: To present the project. The duration of the presentation is expected between 5 – 7
minutes and must be conducted in English. In the presentation, the student must explain the
working principle of the buoyancy and stability of the floating bodies and briefing on the
experimental setup. (CO1-PO1),(WP1_WK3 & WK4)

Assessment
The assessment and the percentage distribution of marks will be based on the following
methods:
1. Prototype (5%)
2. Presentation (5%)
3. Report (Calculations of stability and momentum of flow) (10%)

The assessment will be based on the performance criteria/rubrics as attached in Appendix A.

Prepared by Course Coorinator (CC): Vetted by Resource Person (RP):

Ts. Nurhidayah Hamzah

Date: 12 Dec 2022
Date: 13 Dec 2022

Moderated by Complex Problem Committee:

Dr. Norfarah Nadia Ismail

Date: 3/1/2023

5
MANUAL FOR STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES

Stability determination based on geometry and depth of immersion, d which Figure 1

shows the diagram of the position of metacenter height.

Ymc Ycg
Ycb
} = MB

(Base)

Figure 1: Diagram that show the position of metacenter height to determine the stability
of floating bodies

Given the equation of the stability of floating bodies,

Stable = Ymc > Ycg

The Metacentric Height, MC is defined as:

Ymc = Ycb + MB

The Metacentric radius, MB can be defined as:

Where,

Ig = Second moment of area of the plane of floating object about an axis

through the centroid perpendicular to the plane rotation as the floating
object heels (m4)

V = Immersed volume of the pontoon (m3)

6
 The immersed volume, V can be calculated as follows:

Where W is total weight of the floating body and load

Centre of buoyancy (Ycb) is the geometrical centre of the immersed depth object and totally
depends on the dimension/shape of floating bodies. Let d = immersed depth.

In a box shape Ycb is 0.5 d

In a triangular shape Ycb is 2/3 d
In a shipshape Ycb is approximately 0.535 d

7
 Appendix A: Rubrics for Floating Object Project (Semester: Oct 2022 – Feb 2023)
ORAL PRESENTATION (5%) (CO1,PO1) MARKS
Performance Complex Problems Ability to demonstrate the knowledge profiles (WK3-fundamental knowledge) and WK4 (specialist knowledge) used to analyze the given problem (2.5%)
Criteria (WP)
Marks 1 2 3 4 5 Weightage x
0.5
1. Introduction WP1: Depth of Poor demonstration of Lack of demonstration of Fair demonstration of Good demonstration of Excellent demonstration of
and storyline Knowledge Required = knowledge profiles (used only both WK3 & WK4 both WK3 & WK4. both WK3 & WK4. both WK3 & WK4
in-depth engineering WK3)
knowledge at the level of Ability to clearly explain the principal of buoyant and water jet based on knowledge profiles (WK3-fundamental knowledge) and WK4 (specialist
WK3 & WK4 using knowledge) in order to analyze the problems under a given circumstance towards providing effective solution (2.5%)
fundamental, first 1 2 3 4 5 Weightage x
principles analytical 0.5
approach Most of the facts explained Lack of content based on Missing some facts but Only few of the facts were All the facts presented
were wrong. facts, and wrongly acceptable points and missing yet includes most were correct. Also covered
explained. Poor explanation regarding on of the points regarding on all points regarding on the
explanation regarding on the floating body floating body floating body
the floating body
PROTOTYPE (5%) (CO1,PO1)
2. Demonstration WP3: Depth of analysis Ability to clearly demonstrate the buoyancy and stability of the floating body based on the chosen materials and dimension (stable floating body at
of the buoyancy = no obvious solution, different load) (5%)
and stability abstract thinking, 1 2 3 4 5
principal based originality Prototype is unable to show Prototype is show weak Prototype is fairly Prototype is moderately Prototype is excellent in
on the prototype clear buoyancy and stability buoyancy and stability of demonstrating the demonstrating buoyancy demonstrates buoyancy
design of the floating body (The the floating body (The buoyancy and stability of and stability of the floating and stability of the floating
floating body is not stable at floating body is less the floating body (The body. (The floating body is body. (The floating body is
all when minimum load is stable when 1 load is floating body is stable stable when 2 load are stable when more than 3
placed) placed) when 1 load is placed) placed) loads are placed)

REPORT (10%) (CO2,PO2)

4. Submission of WP4; Familiarity of Ability to carry out a complete calculation using the principal theory (based on WK3 & WK4) with detail elaboration on the floating body’s stability
report issues = Select (problem statement 1) (5%)
formula/procedures to 1 2 3 4 5 Weightage x
resolve infrequently 0.5
encountered issues Wrong calculation and no Some of the calculations Calculations were done Calculations were clearly Calculations were clearly
justification/explanation on were wrong but able to correctly with one (1) written with substantial written with excellent
the design parameter of explain/justify 1 of the explanation/justification of explanation/justification of explanation/justification of
buoyancy and stability of the loads to the buoyancy load to the buoyancy and two (2) loads to the two (2) or more load to the
floating body and stability of the stability of the floating buoyancy and stability of buoyancy and stability of
floating body body the floating body the floating body
5. Justify WP3: Depth of analysis Ability to solve the given problem (problem statement 2) (5%)
creativity = no obvious solution, 1 2 3 4 5 Weightage x
towards the abstract thinking, 0.5
achievement of originality Wrong principal/formula is (Refer to the floating (Refer to the floating (Refer to the floating body The calculations were
the using/ not referring the body design) Able to body design) correct design) correct (refer to the floating body
formulae/procedu floating body design but able correctly calculate/justify calculation/justification calculation/justification four design) show more than
res (justify the to correctly calculate/justify 1 2 (two) steps of the three (3) steps of the (4) steps of the velocity five (5) steps of excellent
calculation of (one) step of the velocity and velocity and flow rate velocity and flow rate and flow rate based on the calculation/justification of
selected flow rate based on the based on the based on the hydrodynamic the velocity and flow rate
principles) hydrodynamic hydrodynamic hydrodynamic principal/formula. based on the
principal/formula principal/formula principal/formula. hydrodynamic
principal/formula.

TOTAL MARKS /20

8
.