SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

SANITARY DESIGN
REPORT

FOR

KASAHUN ULFATA BERSISA

(G+3 Residence Building)

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction 3
2. Internal sanitary installation design 5
2.1 Internal water supply
2.1.1 Water Demand of the project
2.1.1 Water supply pipe size design
2.2 Roof (Rain) water drainage design 7
2.2.1 Rational Method
2.2.2 Down pipe size determination 9
2.3 Waste water pipe design 11
3. Sanitary site work 13
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Storm water design
3.2.1 Introduction
3.3 Sewerage disposal and sewer line design 14
3.3.5 Waste water treatment and disposal
3.3.5.1 Septic tank design 15

4. REFERENCES---------------------------------------------------------------- 17

5. APPENDIX-A----------------------------------------------------------------- 18

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Brief Description of The Project

The Project is located in Adiss Ababa Nifas Silk Lafo Subcity woreda 01, 11.8m road the
on front side of the project. This road has connections to the existing municipal water supply and
rain water drainage system.

1.2 Design Considerations and Scope of the Design

This report is intended to show all the detail sanitary design works of the proposed G+3
residence building. The overall design is sub divided into internal sanitary design and sanitary site
design. The former is the detail design of water supply to all fixtures, waste water drainage &
disposal from toilets and kitchen, and the rain (storm) water drainage design of the roof (i.e.
design of and down pipes).The latter is the design of water supply system to the building, design
of waste water lines (sewers) to the collection area (Septic tank), This design is carried out as per
the new plumbing code standard ES3690/2015.

2.0 INTERNAL SANITARY DESIGN

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

2.1 WATER DEMAND OF THE BUILDING

Water demand of the project is calculated based water demand of the residence buildings.
The detail calculation is presented in the table below.

TABLE:-4.4 Residential Water

Type of building occupancy Consumption per head per ay( l) q

(a) Dwellings with house connections

(i) Low consumption 80-120
(ii) Medium consumption 120-200
(iii) High consumption 200-300
(b) Dwellings with yard connection 40-60
(c) Public fountain (standard pipes) 15-20

TABLE:-4.5 Water requirement for buildings and other than residences

Type of building occupancy Consumption per head per day( l)
(a)Factories with bath rooms
(iv) With canteen 50
(ii)Without canteen 40
(b)Factories without bath rooms
(ii) With canteen 35
(ii)Without canteen 25
(c)Hospitals (per Bed)
(i) No. of beds not exceeding 100 150-250
(ii) No. of beds exceeding 100 250-350
(d) Nursing homes & Medical centers 135
(e) Hostels (without canteen service) 100
(f) Dormitories with canteen service 135
(g) Hotels (per bed)
(i) Up to 4 star 200
(ii)5 star and above 350
(h) offices 35
(i) Restaurants (per seat) 75
(j) Bars (per seat) 50
(k) Cinemas and theatres ( per seat ) 15
(l) Schools
(i) Day Schools 25
(ii) Boarding Schools ( including canteen) 135

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

In our case the recommended water demand for the residential building with medium
consumption is a multiple of number of users in the building and the per capita demand of the
occupancy.
Thus
V = P*q

Where: - V is daily required amount of water (in Liters)

q Is Consumption per head per day in liters?
(100 liters for apartment with medium consumption)

(p) is number of people in the building (6 for residence)

Therefore, V= 10*150
= 1500 liter
=1.50m³

Taking one days reserve water V =1.50m³

Take V = 2m³

Therefore provide two 2m3 Fiber Glass water tanks on roof slab of the roof.

2.1) INTERNAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN

2.2) WATER SUPPLY PIPE SIZING DESIGN
All the appliances in the building are supplied from the roof water tank placed on the top
slab of the building.
Design flow determination is carried out by using a simplified tabular procedure (by fixture
unit load method).
The detail procedure of this method is explained as follows:-
1. Make a diagram of the pipe line or system to be considered.
2. Number the pipes beginning at the point of least head (top floor wet areas).
3. Make a table to show the loading units and flow rates for each stage of the main run.
Calculate and enter loading units and flow rates as shown in the table below.
4. Make assumptions to the pipe size according to their assigned numbers.
5. work out frictional resistance per meter (head loss per meter run)
6. Determine the velocity of low (flow velocity between 0.6and 3m/s)
7. Measured length of the pipe under consideration in meter.
8. Calculate equivalent pipe length(frictional resistance in fittings)
9. Calculate effective pipe length(sum of head loss through pipe length and fittings)
10. Calculate head loss consumed (by multiplying effective pipe length and head loss per
meter run)
11. Calculate the progressive by adding the head loss in each branch pipe.
12. Record the available head for every branch pipe.
13. Calculate the residual head at the outlet points by subtracting the progressive head from
available head. If the residual head is less than the head required for a particular outlet
fitting, repeat the above steps by correcting the assumed pipe size.)

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

TABLE:-4.8 DESIGN FLOW RATES AND LOADING UNITS

Outlet Fitting Design Flow rate Minimum Flow rate Z /fixture unit load/
Q (l/sec) Q (l/sec)
WC 0.15 0.1 2
HWB 0.13 0.05 2
UR 0.04 - -
SHOWER 0.20 0.1 3
BATHUB, Nominal size ¾ DN 0.3 0.20 10
SINK TAP, Nominal size 1/2DN 0.2 0.1 3
Washing Machine 0.2 0.15 3

The probable design flow Q, according to the (S 3960/2015) from Figure 4-4 conversion chart-
Loading unit to flow rate
Taking into consideration the non continuous / continuous shall be obtained from figure 4-4.

2.3 ROOF WATER DRAINAGE DESIGN

1. A roof drainage system generally comprises the following three parts:

• The gutter or channel that collects the flow from the roof;
• The outlet into which the flow from the gutter or channel discharges;
• The pipe work /down pipe/that convey the flow from the outlet to the drainage
system.
2. Method of Design
The method of design is carried out so as to comply with Ethiopian Building Code Standard-
9/ES 3960/; article 7.5.
3. Calculation of flow in gutter
To calculate flow rate from the roof of the building rational method is adopted. Rational
method is most accurate for estimating the design storm peak runoff for areas less than 50
hectares (0.5km²). The rational formulas estimates the peak rate of runoff at any location in
catchment’s area as a function of the catchment’s area, run-off coefficient, and mean rain fall
intensity for a duration equal to the time of concentration.
The rational formula is expressed as:

ciTC Aeff
Q=
3600

Where: Q: maximum rate of runoff, liter/second

C: runoff coefficient; for roof; C=0.75-1
iTC =average rainfall intensity for duration is equal to the time
Of concentration for a selected return period; mm/hr
Aeff. =Effective catchments area, m² /ERA Drainage Manual-2002/

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

Q1 Q2 Q2 Q3

DP DP DP DP
509 504 534 328

DOWN PIPE LOCATION

2.3.1 Roof Size Determination and flow rates

1) Size of roof (for roof A1)

►Effective catchment area A eff
Aeff.1 = A h + A V
2
h
= L*W + L*
2
Where: w = half of left or right wall roof length in meter = (5.09) =5.10m
L= front or rear wall roof length in meter = (11.49) =11.50m
h=height between the upper &lower points of the roof (0.80m)
h
For flat roof h=0 thus , L* =4.68m
2
Therefore, Aeff.11 = 60.69 m2
►Time of concentration
Travel time of storm water towards the down pipe, Tt
Time of concentration of the remotest storm water towards the down pipe
Tc =Tt1+Tt2+…+Ttm
Tt= [0.091*(nL) 0.8/ (P2)0.5*S0.4] hr
Where: Tc=time of concentration of the remotest storm water towards down pipe outlet, hr
Ttm=Travel time of the storm water towards down pipe outlet for different segment, hr
n=manning coefficient =0.011 for roof
L=flow length; m
P2=2 year, 24hr rainfall in mm (APPENDIX-B)
S=slope of hydraulic gradient line/roof slope/, m/m
Therefore; the value of P2 from figure 5-13 and table for Region-A2 = 52mm (appendix-B);
L =16.6m, P2=52, n=0.011 /from drainage manual of ERA-2002/
Height, h=0.15m (height obtained from light weight concrete
Adjacent length, w=7.585m
S=h/w =0.80/11.5 = 0.0696=0.07
Tt = [0.091*(0.011*166)0.8/ (52)0.5*(0.07)0.4]
=0.0094r
=0.0094*60min
=0.564 min.
The value of intensity from intensity duration curve of Region-A2 for the time of
concentration, tc=0.564min. i TC =90mm (appendix-B)
ciTC Aeff (1 * 90 * 60 .69 )
Thus; Q= (l/sec.) = = 1.60 l/sec
3600 3600

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

GUTTER OUTLET

Assuming: - a rectangular gutter of width, BC=0.12mt

-Gutter will be fixed at 1:350 fall
-Area at critical depth, Ac=Bc*Yc m2
Capacity of freely discharging Gutters will be estimated by the following formula. The
relationship between discharge, Q (l/sec), and the critical depth is given by the equation:

0 .5
−5  ( AC ) 3 
Q= 9.9 *10  
 BC 
Where: Ac= is described above;
Bc= is the width (in mm) corresponding to the critical depth Yc.
The flow is considered as non-uniform and for gutter designing the maximum discharge has
been taken.
Therefore;
0.5
 ( B * YC ) 3 
−5
Q = 9.9 *10  B 
 BC 

( )
2
 Q1 *10  5 3
YC =  
 (9.9 * BC )

YC=26.29mm =30mm; and add 75mm for free board

Y=30+75=105mm
Take Y=120mm

Gutter dimension

All of the gutters shown in the architectural detail are of larger dimensions than the designed
gutters. Thus the detail gutter dimensions are taken to be the same as gutter shown in
Architectural drawing. A flat metal sheet (Guage 28) with width and depth (120x120mm) will be
fixed.

2.2.1.1Down pipe size determination

➢ The size of circular down pipe/outlet/shall not be less than diameter 65mm /EBCS-9
article 7.4.3.6/
➢ During down pipe size design external factor which might obstruct normal flow of
water considered. Such as:-leaves, bird net and snow will definitely hinder design
flow through down pipe.
➢ Outlets for gutters should be located, where possible, near to each angle; i.e, where
there is a change in direction of flow.
➢ Material of the down pipe is uPVC which is available at any dimension, durable and
ease for installation.
➢ All down pipe should be painted with UV ray reflective oil paint and it should be
supported with mass concrete support at the base.

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

DO

EFFECTIVE DIAMETER D=DO

Design flow rate, Q1=1.60 l/sec

Assumed non-erosive velocity of the flow=3.0m/sec
Hence, down pipe size will be calculated as follow;
 Dh1.5  D
Q =  ; h
 7500  2
Where: Q=is the total flow (l/s) entering the outlet
D=IS the effective diameter of the outlet (Down pipe) in mm.
h=is the head in mm above the top of the outlet (h= yc )

 Q * 7500  1.6 * 7500 

D=   =  20 1.5 
 h
1.5

= 89.10mm
Thus take D=110mm. (which must be larger than 65mm according to EBCS 9 article7.3.4.6)
Therefore; D=110m will be install in predefined position.
For all different parts of roof of the building, the detail calculation (described above) is
similarly applied.

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

2.3 WASTE PIPE DESIGN

2.3.1 GENERAL
In the design of any sewer drainage system the following performance criteria shall be
considered.
➢ exclusion of foul air;
➢ limitation of noise;
➢ contaminant of leakage of discharge;
➢ prevention of risk of blockage;
➢ durability of materials;
➢ ease of replacement of materials; and
➢ Access for testing and maintenance.

2.3.2 DETERMINATION OF WASTE WATERPIPE SIZE AND GRADIENT

Pipe sizing has been made by fixture unit loading method; in this method numerical value
(fixture units) is assigned to appliances to express their load producing potential. By
assuming partial flow conditions for branch discharge pipes, the maximum number of fixture
units permissible for a given pipe diameter can be stated.
Therefore; the minimum grade of the drain pipe has been taken 2% along the flow direction.
When the pipe slope is selected the following criteria has been considered.
1. self cleansing velocity shall not be less than o.6m/sec;
2. non-scouring velocity shall not be higher than 3m/sec;
3. Eliminate excessive excavation of earth;

TABLE 5-24 Drainage Fixture Unit for fixtures and groups

Fixture Size of Trap Outlet and Fixture Discharge Pipe Fixture Unit Rating
Shower Dn40ordn50 2
Sink DN50 2
Water Closet Pan DN100 4
Floor Waste Gully DN50 2
Bath tub DN40 2
Wash Basin DN40 2
Bath room grouped - 5/6
/from ES 3960/20159,

The normal minimum grade of unvented and vented drains has been given below:

TABLE2.3.2.2 MINIMUM GRADE OF DRAIN

Nominal size Minimum grade[%]
Dn50 2.5
Dn65 2.5
Dn80 1.65
Dn100 1.65
Dn150 1.00
Dn225 0.65

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The size of any branch vent shall be in accordance with the table below:

TABLE2.3.2.3 SIZE OF BRANCH VENT PIPES

Size of branch discharge pipe Size of branch vent
DN40 DN32
DN50 DN40
DN65 DN40
DN80 DN50
DN100 DN50
DN150 DN80
Branch vents/EBCS-9 article 5.3.6.5/
➢ A single vent pipe is used to ventilate the traps of several appliances in a toilet which are
connected in common, i.e. to a single waste stalk.
➢ The vent pipe has been installed in order to vent along the hill side of the wall and it shall
be installed 300mm above the highest level of their horizontal outlet roof and positioned
with the prevalence wind direction.
➢ Floor waste gullies has been installed with an accessible, removable grate and a riser not
less than Dn80 at floor surface level, except that ,if the sole function of the floor waste
gully is to dispose of waste spillage and wash down water Dn50 outlet and riser may be
used.

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

3. SANITARY SITE WORK

3.1 Introduction

This part of the design report consists of

Domestic water supply
Waste water disposal system and
Storm water drainage system of the building..
The water supply design always looks for the availability of water at all times to all consumers in
required quantity and pressure. The total water requirement is calculated in the first topics and
the municipal water supply line is taken as source of water.
The domestic water supply to the buildings is taken from the municipal water supply line and the
waste water lines (sewers) of the buildings are directly in the septic tanks.
The roof water and the storm water around the buildings is directly discharged to the road side
storm water sewer line of the municipality.
This design is executed mainly as per ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD
(ES3960/2015), Era drainage manual 2002, and additional references are also used for the
completeness of the design and this report.

3.3 STORM WATER DESIGN

3.3.1 Introduction
The storm water from roofs of the building and the paved areas around the buildings is taken into
consideration, and the total area of the compound is too small to carry out the detail design
calculation therefore the storm water is naturally collected and disposed to the road side storm
sewer line.
3.4 SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND WASTE WATER PIPE DESIGN
The sewage from the building is collected and directly connected the newly proposed septic tanks.
The effluent from the septic tank is removed by waste water removing trucks. The waster water
from the septic tank shall be treated by sooakaway pit.
3.4.1 GENERAL
In the design of any drainage system, the performance criteria which shall be followed are:-
a) requirements for discharge rates from fixtures;
b) exclusion of foul air;
c) limitation of noise;
d) contaminant of leakage of discharge; prevention of risk of blockage;

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

e) durability of materials;
f)
g) ease of replacement of materials; and
h) Access for testing and maintenance.

3.4.2 Determination of waste quantity, pipe size and gradient

Pipe sizing has been made by fixture unit loading method; but in this method numerical value
(fixture units) is assigned to appliances to express their load producing properties. By assuming
partial flow conditions for branch discharge pipes, the maximum number of fixture units
permissible for a given pipe diameter can be stated. Therefore; the minimum grade of the drain
pipe has been taken 2% along the flow direction. When the pipe slope is selected the following
criteria has been considered.
1. Eliminate excessive excavation of earth;
2. self cleansing velocity shall not be less than o.6m/sec;
3. non-scouring velocity shall not be higher than 3m/sec;

TABLE 6.2 MINIMUM DIMENSIONS FOR INSPECTION CHAMBERS AND MANHOLES;

Types of access Depth to invert(m) Minimum internal dimension
Rectangular length and width(mm)
Inspection chamber or <=0.60 400x400
manhole <=1.0 600x600
<=1.75 1000x750
<=2.5 1200x750
>2.5 1400x900
ES 3960/2015

TABLE:-5.7 Fixture units for different sanitary appliances or groups

SI. No Fixture Unit Value as Load
(1) Type of Fixture (2) Factor(3)
i One bath room group of water closet, wash basin
and bath tub or shower
(a) Tank Water closet 6
(b) Flush-valve water closet 8
ii Bath tub (1) 3
iii Bident 3
iv Combination sink and tray (drain board) 3
v Drinking fountain 1/2
vi Floor traps (2) 1
vii Kitchen sink domestic 2
viii Wash Basin ordinary (3) 1
ix Wash Basin, Surgeon 2
x Shower stall, domestic 2
xi Showers (group),per head 3
xii Urinals, wall lip 4
xiii Urinals, stall 4
xiv Water closet, tank operated 4
xv Water closet, valve operated 8
(1) A shower head over a bath tub does not increase the fixture unit value
(2) Size of floor trap shall be determined by the area of surface water to be drained
(3) Wash basin with 32mm and 40mm trap have the same load value.

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

The quantity of waste water from building is calculated using fixture unit rating. The above table
shows fixture unit rating of different appliances. Using this fixture unit rating the quantity of
waste water from the building is too small thus we use the minimum recommended sewer pipe
size 160mm to connect manholes and septic tank.

SEPTIC TANK DESGN

As per EBCS-9 the capacity of the septic tank (V, m3) implies that;

 q   P 
V =  Sd * P * 3  + 1 * ac * 3  ……………………… (2.4.1)
 10   10 

Where;  sd = hydraulic detention time (usually 1)

 ac = No of day’s b/n deluging (minimum 365 days)
P = population =10 for residence
q= flow rate in l/c/d (150 l/c/d for residence)
1 = sludge production per capita per day (0.15liters)

For our case:-

The building has a capacity of 100 people, taking the per capita water demand for library to be q1
=100 l/c/d, and q2 =25l/c/d, and thus the volume of the septic tank is calculated as:-
 150   10 
V 1 = 1 * 10 * 3  +  0.15 * 365 * 3  = 2.05m3
 10   10 

V =2m3

TAKE, V =3m3

Therefore construct min.3m3 (First compartment) underground RC septic tank on the

predefined position followed by soakaway pit.

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

REFERENCES
1) Ethiopian Building Code Standard (ES 3960/2015)
2) Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) Drainage Design Manual 2002
3) Technical Catalogue/Product guide

APPENDIX -A-
Source:-ERA Drainage Design Manual 2002

Source:-ERA Drainage Design Manual 2002

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

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SN Design Report Kasahun Ulfata

Source:-ERA Drainage Design Manual 2002

17
 1
1
(1) pipe reference (1) pipe reference

11.0
11.0
(2) loading units (2) loading units
SN Design Report

6)

(SDR6)

0.330
0.330
(3 ) flow rates(i/s) (3 ) flow rates(i/s)

32
32
(4) pipe size(mm)(PN16) (4) pipe size(mm)(PN16)

0.069
0.069

(5) loss of head(m/m) (5) loss of head(m/m)

0.923
0.923

(6) flow velosity(m/s) (6) flow velosity(m/s)

FOR KashuI Pipe Riser(W1) 20m=(2 bar) PN 20

4.06
4.06

(7) measured pipe run(m) (7) measured pipe run(m)

(8) equivalent pipe (8) equivalent pipe
FOR KashuI Pipe Riser(W1) 10m=(1 bar) PN 20 (SDR

0.8
0.8

lenth(m) lenth(m)

18
4.86
4.86

(9) effective pipe length(m) (9) effective pipe length(m)

0.334
0.334

(10) head consumed(m) (10) head consumed(m)

Kasahun Ulfata

0.334
0.334

(11) progressive head(m) (11) progressive head(m)

10.00
10.00

(12 ) avilable head(m) (12 ) avilable head(m)

9.67
9.67

(13) Residual head (13) Residual head

32
32

(14) final pipe size(mm) (14) final pipe size(mm)

21.33
21.33

(15)Internal pipe size(mm) (15)Internal pipe size(mm)

OK
OK

(16) remarks (16) remarks

 2
1
1a
(1) pipe reference

3.0
9.0
12.0
(2) loading units
SN Design Report

6)

0.230
0.290
0.350
(3 ) flow rates(i/s)

25
25
32
(4) pipe size(mm)(PN16)

0.119
0.185
0.075

1.050 (5) loss of head(m/m)

1.330
0.979

(6) flow velosity(m/s)

3.23
7.60
7.06

(7) measured pipe run(m)

(8) equivalent pipe
FOR KashuI Pipe Riser(W2) 10m=(1 bar) PN 20 (SDR

1.0
9.6
1.0

lenth(m)

19
4.23
17.20
8.06

(9) effective pipe length(m)

0.503
3.182
0.602

(10) head consumed(m)

Kasahun Ulfata

0.503
3.182
0.602

(11) progressive head(m)

9.20
9.60
10.00

(12 ) avilable head(m)

8.70
6.42
9.40

(13) Residual head

25
25
32

(14) final pipe size(mm)

16.67
16.67
21.33

(15)Internal pipe size(mm)

OK
OK
OK

(16) remarks