SK025

CHEMISTRY

LAB REPORT

EXPERIMENT 4: REACTIONS OF ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

DARREN LEE HUA EE

MS2225208152

K2T4A

Objectives 1. To study the chemical properties of an alkane, alkene and arene.

2. To differentiate an alkene from an alkene and arene.
Introduction Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
Alkanes which are also known as paraffins are saturated hydrocarbons. They do
not contain douoble and triple bonds. Hence, alkenes are relatively inert to
chemical reactions.

Alkanes undergo free radical substitution reaction.

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between 2
carbonatoms.

Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition reactions ar the 𝐶 = 𝐶 bond. For example,

alkenes undergo hydrogenation and halogenation to form alkanes and dihalides,
respectively.
Chemical
Reaction:

Procedure of 1. 6 dry, clean test tubes were labelled, A to F.

Part (A): 2. 1ml of cyclohexane in test tubes A and B, 1ml of cyclohexene in test tubes
Reaction with C and D and 1ml of toluene in test tubes E and F were placed.
Bromine in 3. Test tubes A, C and E were wrapped with black sugar papers.
Dichloromethane 4. 4 to 5 drops 4% bromine in dichloromethane were added into each test
tube.
5. Test tubes A, C and E were kept in a dark place and test tubes B, D and F
were kept in the sunlight. They were left for 15 minutes.
6. The observations were observed.
Procedure of 1. Dry, clean test tubes G, H and I were labelled.
Part (B): 2. 1ml each of cyclohexane, cyclohexene and toluene were placed in test
Oxidation with tubes G, H and I respectively.
Cold Alkaline 3. A few drops of alkaline 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 solution was added into each test tube
Solution of and shaken.
𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 4. The observations were recorded.
(Baeyer’s Test)
Results and
Tabulation Hydrocarbons Bromine in Dichloromethane Oxidation with
Under sunlight In the dark alkaline 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4
(Baeyer’s Test)
Cyclohexane The reddish The reddish The purple colour
brown colour of brown colour of of 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4
bromine turned bromine remained
colourless. remained unchanged.
unchanged.
Cyclohexene The reddish The reddish The purple colour
brown colour of brown colour of of 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 turned
bromine turned bromine turned into brown
colourless. colourless. colour.
Toleune The reddish The reddish The purple colour
brown colour of brown colour of of 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4
bromine turned bromine remained
colourless. remained unchanged.
unchanged.

Discussion Reasons of Errors:

1. The test tubes with black sugar paper is not quickly placed into the
cupboard.
2. Some sunlight can penetrate into the cupboard.
Precautionory Steps:
1. The bromine in handled in the fume chamber.
2. Mask and gloves should be wore.
Questions 1. Write the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexane with bromine.

2. State the function of sunlight in Part (B).

Provides energy for the homolytic cleavage of halogen.
Conclusion From this experiment,
1. The chemical properties of an alkane, alkene and arene were able to be
studied.
2. An alkane was able to be differentiated from an alkene and arene.