UNIVERSIDAD DE MONTERREY

VICERRECTORÍA DE EDUCACIÓN MEDIA SUPERIOR

NATURAL SCIENCES ACADEMY

IB Diploma Rubric /30 points

Criteria Ratings Pts

Personal Engagement. 4 to >3.0 pts 3 to >1.0 pts 1 to >0 pts

This criterion evaluates the extent to which the student is Reach all Reach partially It does not
committed to the exploration and makes it his own. Personal specified some of the reach any of
commitment can be recognized in different attributes and levels. specified levels. the specified
abilities, such as addressing personal interests or showing levels.
evidence of independent thinking, creativity or initiative in the
design, implementation or presentation of research.

Exploration 7 to >5.0 pts 5 to >3.0 pts 3 to >0.0 pts

This criterion evaluates to what extent the student establishes Reach all Reach most of Reach the
the scientific context of the work, poses a clear and well-focused specified the specified minority of
research question, and uses concepts and techniques levels. levels. the specified
appropriate to the Diploma Program level. When appropriate, levels.
this criterion also assesses awareness of safety, environmental
and ethical considerations.

Analysis 7 to >5.0 pts 5 to >3.0 pts 3 to >0.0 pts

This criterion evaluates the extent to which the student's report Reach all Reach most of Reach the
provides evidence that the student has selected, recorded, specified the specified minority of
processed and interpreted the data in ways that are relevant to levels. levels. the specified
the research question and can support a conclusion. levels.

Evaluation. 7 to >5.0 pts 5 to >3.0 pts 3 to >0.0 pts

This criterion evaluates to what extent the student's report Reach all Reach most of Reach the
provides evidence that the student has evaluated the research specified the specified minority of
and the results with respect to the research question and the levels. levels. the specified
accepted scientific context. levels.

Communication. 5 to >3.0 pts 3 to >1.0 pts 1 to >0 pts

This criterion evaluates whether the presentation of the research Reach all Reach partially It does not
and its report contribute to effectively communicate the specified some of the reach any of
objective, the process and the results. levels. specified levels. the specified
levels.

Total Points: 30

Important note:
The teacher will indicate the criteria to be evaluated in this practice.

UNIVERSIDAD DE MONTERREY
 VICERRECTORÍA DE EDUCACIÓN MEDIA SUPERIOR
NATURAL SCIENCES ACADEMY

Name: Lola Virginia Luna Yáñez ID number:357021

Name: Natalia Fernandez Tovar ID number:623889

Name: Vanessa Fernanda Ruelas Esparza ID number:627290

Date: February 23, 2023 Room: 2102

Practice 2 Quantitative: Comparison of heart rate between men and women before and after exercise.

Purpose:
o The student compares the heart rate (pulse) measured before and after exercise in a group of men
and a group of women

Introduction:

Definition of the problem:

During exercise, the body's needs increase, so the cardiovascular system undergoes some changes,
including an increase in heart rate; heart rate reflects the amount of effort the heart must exert to meet
the increased demands of the body (Wilmore & Costill, 2007).

According to Wilmore and Costill, the normal resting heart rate is 60 to 80 beats per minute, however,
it tends to be lower in physically fit individuals. During exercise, the heart rate increases in direct
proportion to the intensity of the exercise.

Research question:

Is there a difference between the heart rate measure before and after exercising in men and women ?

Justification:

It is important to conduct this research in order to understand the different ways the body works for
each gender.

Theoretical framework:
 The heart rate of a man or woman often changes not only because of the gender but also because of
how old the person is. When it comes to the gender , the reason there is a difference is mainly due to
the size of the heart, which is smaller in females than males. According to the National Library of
Medicine (2014), the average adult male heart rate is between 70 and 72 beats per minute, on the
other hand an adult women’s rate is between 78 and 82 beats, as we can see, there is a difference of
around.

Highly active people, particularly endurance athletes, often have lower resting heart rates than others,
below 60 beats per minute. This is because aerobic exercise strengthens the heart, allowing it to pump
blood more efficiently. Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart muscle, allowing it to pump more blood
with each beat. This results in a lower RHR. As a person exercises more and becomes fitter, their
RHR will likely decrease. Another example is running and other cardiovascular exercises can increase
a person's heart rate, this is a good measure of the amount of effort a person is exerting during
exercise, with a higher heart rate indicating a higher level of physical activity. (Bell, A. M., 2022)

If the heart rate is not in the regular valued it could cause a disease called “Arrhythmias” that includes
the symptoms of discomfort,fluttering or pounding in your chest,pain in your chest , shortness of
breath,lightheadedness,fatigue, fainting.Our heart have a complex system of valves, nodes, and
chambers. They are in control of how and when blood is pumped throughout our bodies. If these are
disrupted, damaged, or compromised, it can change your heart rate or rhythm.(Macon, 2019)

"The more beats your heart has to take on a regular basis, the more strain it places on your heart over
time. A resting heart rate regularly above 100 beats per minute is called tachycardia, which can place
you at an increased risk of heart disease, and even death if your heart rate climbs high enough." (Dr.
Chebrolu,2021)

Comparative anatomy, is the study that consists of the comparative study of the body structures of
different species of animals. This research helps scientists to understand the adaptive changes they
have done at the time of evolution from common ancestors. This study takes place back to Darwin’s
time, back then it centered mainly on body’s structures that are homologous, which means that
different species have the same evolutionary origin even though they look different now in the present.
These structures may have different qualities and functions, however they can be traced back to a
common structure in an animal that is ancestral to both species. (Britannica,2020)

Hypothesis:

There would be a difference between the heart rate measure before and after of a man and women.

Dependent variable: heart rate

Independent variable: gender

Controlled Variables:

- Same activity (bulldog)

- Resting position
- Time for measuring pulse (15 seconds x 4)
- Time doing the exercise
- Age between 16 - 18
Materials and Reactives:
● 1 Bench or chair.
● 1 Stopwatch or clock with second hand (±1 s)
● 1 Volunteer per team

Security measures:
Personal protection equipment:

Follow the instructions given by the teacher.

Methodology:

Before starting the laboratory practice, the professors will give a previous training to all the students in
the technique of measuring the carotid pulse.
1. Select 10 volunteers of each sex, giving preference to those of a similar physical build and level
of activity.
2. The volunteer remains seated, calm and relaxed for 5 minutes. At the end of this period, one of
the other members of the team takes the heart rate (pulse), and the data obtained in Table 1 is
recorded.
3. The volunteer performs an exercise routine (example: running or jumping rope) for 1 minute. At
the end of this time, another member of the team takes the heart rate (pulse) and records the
data obtained in Table 2. Important note: Measure the carotid pulse immediately after the
end of the exercise.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with all the volunteers.
5. Share the results with your colleagues by creating a data matrix
6. At the end of the practice, the group will have 2 tables with 20 data each.
7. Calculate the percentage of change in heart rate (HR) with the following formula:
%= ( FINAL HR - INITIAL HR) X 100
INITIAL HR

8. Record the calculated percentage in Table 3.

Disposal of chemical residues:

There is no chemical waste disposal in this laboratory practice. When you finish, follow the instructions
given by your teacher.
Record of raw data:

Table 1. Heart rate before exercise of women and men

Heart rate (± 1) before exercise

Women Men

92 92

75 76

84 100

64 84

80 80

64 72

64 96

68 88

64 68

72 88
Comment: As we can see the heart rate of women was lower than the men heart rate. The highest heart
rate in women was 92 and the lowest was 64. On the other hand, the highest heart rate in men was 100
and the lowest was 68.

Table 2. Heart rate after exercise of women and men

Heart rate (± 1) after exercise

Women Men

192 152

132 164

132 180

88 164

100 168

144 160

92 188
 92 164

92 140

100 152
Comments: As we can see the heart rate of women was higher than the men’s heart rate. The highest
heart rate in women was 192 and the lowest was 88. On the other hand, the highest heart rate in men
was 188 and the lowest was 140. This gives us a range of 104 for women and 48 for men.

Processing and analysis of results:

Table 3. Change in heart rate before and after exercise between women and men

Change in heart rate (bpm) before and after exercise (%)

Women Men

108.70 65.22

76 115.79

57.14 80

37.5 95.24

25 110

125 122.22

43.75 95.83

35.29 86.36

43.75 105.88

38.89 72.73

Comment: On the last table, which is Table 3 we have the information of the change in percentage of
the heart rate before and after the exercise, it was calculated with the following formula :

%= ( FINAL HR - INITIAL HR) X 100

INITIAL HR.

This helps us to determine the percentage of change. As we can see the heart rate average of change
of women was higher than the men heart rate. The highest Average of change in the heart rate in
women was 125 and the lowest was 25 . On the other hand, the highest heart rate in men was 122.22
and the lowest was . 65.22
Graph 1. Average of Change in Heart rate (bpm) before and after exercise (%)

Comment:In this graph we can see the Men and women average of change in the heart rate (bpm )
before and after the exercise. The error bars represent the standard deviation and the bars represent
the average of change.
As it is observed on the graph, and as seen on previous tables, men had a greater average on their
heart rate (bpm), however, we can see how there is a higher standard deviation on women.

Statistical analysis:
We get the data that the p-value is 0,10066394976. The average of women is 59,10 and of men is
94,93. The standard deviation of women is 33,6118417 and of men 18,85630026.

Conclusions:

Our research question for this practice was that Is there a difference between the heart rate
measure before and after exercising in men and women ?.
After the data collected we can say that because the p-value is 0.10066394976 calculated is higher
than 0.05 , the null hypothesis is accepted and the alternative hypothesis is rejected. With a
confidence level of 95 % there won’t be a significant difference between the gender and the heart rate.
It is important to conduct this experiment in order to understand the different ways the body works for
each gender. This could be the beginning for an explanation on why women can’t perform the same
level as men in certain activities involving physical exercise.
References:

● Bell, A. M., Kohli, P., & Stephens, C. (2022, September 13). Low resting heart rates in athletes: Is
it safe? Medical News Today. Retrieved February 23, 2023, from
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/athletes-heart-rate#summary

● Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, January 16). comparative anatomy. Encyclopedia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/comparative-anatomy

● Macon, B. L. (2023, January 18). What You Need to Know About Abnormal Heart Rhythms.
Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/abnormal-heart-rhythms#takeaway

● National Library of Medicine (2014, agosto). Role of Biological Sex in Normal Cardiac Function
and in its Disease Outcome. National Library of Medicine. Recuperado 23 de febrero de 2023, de
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4190707/#:~:text=The%20average%20adult%20
male%20heart,smaller%20in%20females%20than%20males.

● Willmore, J. H. y Costill, D. L. (2007). Fisiología del esfuerzo y del deporte (6.ª ed.). Editorial
Paidotribo.
https://books.google.com.mx/books/about/FISIOLOG%C3%8DA_DEL_ESFUERZO_Y_DEL_DE
PORTE_C.html?id=RXmtpVxDZXQC&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y
#v=onepage&q&f=false

● What Should Your Resting Heart Rate Be? (2021). Houston Methodist on Health.
https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2021/apr/what-should-your-resting-heart-rate-be/#
:~:text=%22The%20more%20beats%20your%20heart,high%20enough%2C%22%20warns%20D
r.

HONOR CODE

I, Lola Luna Yáñez, hereby affirm to have done this activity with academic integrity.

I, Natalia Fernandez Tovar, hereby affirm to have done this activity with academic integrity.

I, Vanessa Fernanda Ruelas Esparza, hereby affirm to have done this activity with academic integrity.