Name: Carlyn Abby P.

Ganaden Year/Course/Section: 2BSABE-A

Instructor: Mr. Archie Orville F. Butal Date: February 8, 2023

PE: Team Sports

History of Basketball

 Basketball was established in 1891 by James Naismith as a less-injury-prone sport than football.
He invented the sport as a 31-year-old graduate student to keep participants indoors during the
winter.
 The game immediately gained traction and remained popular far into the 20th century. It initially
gained popularity in the United States before spreading to other parts of the world.
 As the game gained traction in universities, the professional game, now known as the NBL,
quickly followed. The NBA was founded in 1946 and evolved into a multibillion-dollar company
by the end of the twentieth century, making the sport a major aspect of American society.

Creation of Basketball

 James Naismith invented basketball in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to train athletes during
the colder months. Naismith previously taught physical education at YMCA International
Training School, which is now Springfield College.
 He was charged by his superior with developing an indoor sport that would enable sportsmen stay
in condition during the winter weather. It began with fruit baskets and a soccer-style ball. He
devised 13 rules for his game, divided his 18-student class into two teams of nine players, and
began teaching them the fundamentals.
 His creation's goal was to toss the basketball into the fruit baskets affixed to the lower railing of
the gym's balcony. When a point was scored, the game had to be stopped so the janitor could
fetch the ladder and retrieve the ball. They eventually removed the bottoms of the fruit baskets
since retrieving the ball after each score was impractical.

Development of the Game

Despite the fact that the initial 13 rules have been enlarged to over 100, the spirit and concepts of the
original rules remain in force today. The number of players, the court boundaries, dribbling, and the
elimination of the center jump after made baskets were all major rule changes over the years.

 1.1 Team size

There was no defined limit on the number of players at first. The game was designed to
be played by any number of people. That, however, did not work out. After experimenting with
teams of up to 50 players, early games were mostly played with nine players on each side,
because Naismith's class only had 18 students. Five players became the required team size in
1897.
 1.2 Substitutions
Initially, players were not permitted to return to the game. In 1920, the rule was changed
to allow a player to re-enter the game once. The regulation was expanded in 1934 to enable
players to re-enter the game twice, and the rule was eventually amended in 1945 to allow players
to return to the game an infinite number of times.
 1.3 Basket
Originally, the game was played with peach baskets or 18" square boxes hung from the
balconies of most indoor facilities' running tracks. The basket height was set at 10 feet at the time,
and it is still in use today. The fruit baskets and boxes obviously slowed the game considerably
since the ball had to be recovered after each goal by someone on the running track or by ladder.
In 1892, hefty woven wire rims replaced the fruit baskets. A year later, in 1893, cast iron rims
were introduced. In 1912, open-ended nylon nets were allowed for usage. This was a watershed
moment in basketball because the free-falling ball after a made basket boosted the game's speed
and scoring.
 1.4 Ball
Basketball games were first played with soccer balls. They were, however, inadequate for
dribbling and ball handling. A bicycle manufacturing firm made the first manufactured
basketballs in 1894. Spalding took over as the official ball producer in the late 1890’s. The
selection of basketballs was left up to the teams in 1905. These early brown leather basketballs
were difficult to dribble due to their inability to keep their form and laces. In 1929 basketballs
were re-designed for more bounce and with concealed laces which prevented inconsistent
bounces. The balls were larger, lighter and simpler to handle. Molded basketballs with consistent
form and size replaced patched balls in 1942. The American Basketball Association (ABA) used
a red, white, and blue basketball in 1967. The WNBA and FIBA now employ contrasting panels.
The men's ball has a circumference of 30" while the smaller women's ball has a circumference of
29".
 1.5 Scoring
Originally, a successful goal was worth one point, and a team received one point for
every three consecutive fouls called against the opponent. The first free throws were made in
1894. A successful field goal and a successful free throw were both tallied as one goal. In 1896,
the rules were amended to make a successful field goal worth two points. The three-point shot
was first used in the American Basketball League in 1961. FIBA introduced the three-point shot
into international basketball in 1967. The National Basketball Association (NBA) and the
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) both introduced the three-point shot in 1977
and 1980, respectively.
 1.6 Dribbling
The ball could not be bounced under the original regulations. The regulation allowing
players to bounce the ball once was established in 1901. Players were compelled to pass the ball
and could not shoot after it bounced. Because the ball had to be hurled higher than a player's head
and then collected, this single dribble equated to a pass rather than a dribble. Because there were
no regulation limitations, players may employ this one bounce method many times in a row.
Continuous dribbling and shoots off dribble were introduced in 1909. The ability to shoot off the
dribble converted the dribble from a defensive move to a strong attacking weapon. At the same
time, double dribbling was prohibited.
The First International Game

The first international match was conducted in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 1909, between a team
called Mayak Saint Petersburg and an American team from the Young Men's Christian Association
(YMCA).

Equipment and Measurement of the Basketball Court

Equipment of the Basketball Court

 Essential Equipment
 Court
 Backboards with basket attached
 Competitive level Equipment
 Clock
 Score sheets
 Scoreboards
 Alternating possession arrows
 Whistle-operated stop-clock

Measurement of the Basketball Court

 The Basket
The regulation distance from the ground to the top of the rim is 10 ft for all levels of play.
 Backboards
The regulation backboards are 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall. All basketball
rims (hoops) are 18 inches in diameter. The inner square on the backboard is 24 inches wide by
18 inches.
 Court Size
NBA and College – 94 feet long and 50 feet wide
High School – 84 feet long and 50 feet wide
Junior High – 74 feet long and 42 feet wide
 Foul Line
For all courts the “foul line” distance is 15 feet from the foul line to the front of the
backboard. This measurement is commonly confused as from the center of the basket and front of
the rim.
All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide.
 3 point line (ARC)
Women’s College and High School Basketball Courts- the 3 point arc is 19 feet 9 inches.
NBA Basketball Courts – the 3 point arc is 22 feet to the center of the rim on the sides
with a straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches from the baseline. Past those points the
line extends out 23 feet 9 inches from the center of the rim.
Men’s College Basketball Courts – the 3 point arc is 20 feet 9 inches.
Five Fundamentals Skills in Basketball

 Dribbling
The most crucial basketball fundamental for all players is dribbling. This offensive talent
will let you to go up and down the court, avoid opponents, and execute plays. Dribbling involves
ball-handling abilities with both hands and the ability to do a variety of crossovers as players
advance in level.

 Shooting
To score points and be a good offensive player in basketball, you must be able to shoot
the ball into the basket. A proper shot needs precision targeting, arm extension, leg lift, and a hard
follow through. You must learn a variety of shots, including layups, free throws, and three-
pointers.

 Running
Running is an understandably crucial basketball ability. In a full-court game, you'll be
rushing back and forth as the game switches between offense and defense. Running helps you
escape opponents and get to the hoop faster when you have the ball. As a defensive player, you
will frequently need to chase down your opponent, especially during fast breaks, to prevent an
easy layup or dunk.

 Passing
Because you are always on the court with four other players from your team, it is critical
to be able to distribute the ball well, even if you are not a point guard attempting to earn assists.
Different sorts of passes:
Chest pass: A chest pass is thrown without bouncing from the passer's chest to
the receiver's chest.
Bounce pass: Is similarly thrown from the passer's chest to the receiver's chest,
but it bounces between the two players.
Overhead pass: An overhead pass is one that is launched from above the head
from a larger distance than a conventional chest or bounce pass.

 Jumping
Another skill that might determine a basketball player's ability is jumping. Jumping is
used in offense during the jump ball, when shooting shots, battling for offensive rebound off of
failed shoots, and occasionally while attempting to grab a pass.

Describe Something about your Professor

He is extremely educated and well-versed in the topic. He also knows a lot of international news
and information, and he teaches us about them to help us increase our general knowledge. He’s true to his
work, that even his voice cracked it wouldn’t be a problem for him just to continue the class.