Unit-2

1.What is meant by cross-wall large panel buildings ?

Crosswall contruction is a form of construction in which load bearing walls

provide the primary vertical support and lateral stability for precast floors.
External wall panels,lift cores or staircase are used to provide the required
longitudinal stability.

2.explain about two way refabricated slabs ?

Range of operations is extremely varied from prefabricated slabs for

viaducts,over hangs ,composite decks to lost form work for suspended floor
Two way slab is a slab supported by beams on all the four sides load carried by
the support along both directions.

3.when are dynamic stresses induced in the precast panel ?

Dynamic analysis of a large multipanel wall which is representative of the

primary lateral load resisting component of a prefabricatd building

4.mention the behaviour of roof slabs in prefabricated structure ?

Roof slab – for ware house type structure the floor slab is precast in the
precast concrete component ...the beams beam behaviour at the serviceability
and ultimate limit state.

5.give the classification of wall panels ?

The material wise wall panel Chipboard panels , hardboard panels, MDF
panels , glass panels, vinyl gypsum panels, 3d panel,and pvc panel.

6.list out the types of shear wall in rc buildings ?

Reinforced concrete shear wall

Concrete block shear wall

Steel shear wall

Plywood shear wall

Mid ply shear wall.

7.mention the behaviour of coloums in prefabricated structures ?

In Italy precast concrete structure are traditionally designed as moment

resisting frames with plastic hinge occurring at the column base and beams
hinged to the columns . a ductile moment resisting connection between the
column and the beam can provide the advantage.

8.list out the functions of wall panels ?

Wall panels are functional as well as decorative , providing insulation and

soundproofing , combined with uniformity of appearance, along with some
measure of durability or ease of replaceability

9.difference between one way prefabricated slab and two way prefabricated
slabs.

A one way slab is designed for the spanning direction alone as it bends in
only one direction

The two way slab is designed for both the directions as its bent in both
directions.

10.what are the connectios of prefabricated structures ?

The function of a joint between precast elements is to provide physical

separation between the components of the structure.a connection is an
assembly consisting of one or more interfaces and parts of the adjoining
components, designed to resist the action of forces or moments.

Unit-3

1.what are the types of floor slabs ?

Oneway slab, oneway joist slab, waffle slab , flat slab, flat plates, two way slab,
hollow core slab,hardy slab.
2.define efficiency of material ?

Material efficiency is description or metric which expresss the degree in which

raw material are consumed, incorporated,or wasted ,as compared to previous
measures in construction projects or physical process.

3.mention the types of joints in rc buildings ?

Joints in concrete costruction are constructionjoint, control joint, expansion

joint,settlement joint, and seismic joint

4.how does the material used in construction affect the deign of the element?

The material used establishes a relationship between the endurance of a

structure as well as the technical and structural aspects of the design of the
built environment.

5.what is the importance of joints in precast structures when compared to

cast-in-situ structures ?

For small structures maintenance cost of cast-insitu concrete structure

is less compared to the precast concrete structure cast in situ concrete less
number of joints present in structural system.

6.what do you meant by joint flexibility?

Flexibility or limberness refers to the range of movement in ajoint or series of

joints and length in muscles that cross the joints to induce a bending
movement or motion. Flexibility varies between individuals, particularly in
terms of differences in muscle length of multi-joint muscles.

7.how will you ensure the quality of construction materials ?

Quality assurance of building material is important to ensure strength,

durability and cost effectiveness. It also affects safety and functions of
construction projects.

8.distinquish between flexible and rigid joints ?

A flexible joint between the shafts corrects any misaligenment. Joints are the
flexible joint between allowing movement between the two.
Rigid joint between structural members which does not permit relative motion
between them.

9.what are the type ‘ s roof slabs ?

Flat slab, conventional slab,hollow core ribbed slab,hardy slab,

waffleslab,pitchroof slab,slab with arches,post tension slab, pre tension
slab,cable suspension slab, low roof slab, projected slab, sunkenslab,
miscellaneous slab.

10.what is the behaviour of reinforcement requirement ?

Reinforcement does not require an individual to consciously perceive an effect

eliited by the stimulus. The reinforcement occurs only if there is an observable
strengthing in behaviour.

Unit-4

1.what are the different types of wall panels ?

Cladding or curtain walls ,load bearing wall units ,shear wall , form wok for ast
in place concrete.

2.what is the need for an expansion joints in precast structures ?

These joint need to be carefully designed, located,and installed.if a slab is

positioned continuously on surface exceeding one face, an expansion joint will
be necessary to reduce stresses concrete sealer may be used for the filling of
gaps produced by cracks.

3.what are the types of wall joints ?

Joints in concrete construction are expansion ,contraction, and isolation joints.

4.list out the names of joint sealants.

Silicone basd sealants, urethane based sealants, acrylic based

sealants,polysulphide based sealants.

5.define the term sandwich wall panels.

A sandwich panel is a structure made of three layers low dencity core inserted
in between two relatively thin skin layers. This sandwich setup allows to
achieve excellet mechanical performance at minimal weight.

6.distiguish between partition wall and load bearing wall.

There are two types of walls in a house. Partition and bearing .

partition walls divide the interior space in to rooms but support no weight.
Bearing wall function as dividers, but they also hold up part of the house.

7.what are the methods of leak prevention ?

Methods of detection include hydrostatic testing, infrared , and laser

technology after pipeline erection and leak detection during service.pipeline
network are the most economic and safest mode of transporation for oil, gases
and other fluid products.

8.explain design curves ?

The design of the curve is dependent on the intended design speed for the
roadway, as well as other factors including drainage and friction. Thes curves
are semicircles as to provide the driver with a constant turning rate with radi
determined by the laws of physics surrounding centripetal force.

9.define the term blocks ?

A compat usually solid piece of substantial material especially when worked or

altered to serve a particular purpose.

10.differentiate between wall joints and expansion joints ?

A control joint or contraction joint is a joint that is put in the concrete to

control cracking . for example , when they sawcut joint in to the concrete
pavement,these are control joints. Expansion joint allows the concrete or steel
to expand or contract with daily temperature variations
 Unit-5

1.what are the factors which affect the loading conditions in demoulding and
transport of components ?

One of the main factor which affect the factory prefabrication is transport. The
width of mad walls, mode of transport.

2.draw atypical column to column connection .

Investigation of the mechanical behaviour of bolted steel column to column

connections under moment and axial loads . precast concrete column
connected together bolting

3.what are the applications of crane gantry ?

Gantry crane are known for being able to lift very heavy objects. Cranes
are often used for shipbuilding across ships and can be used to attach huge
objects such as ship engine to the ship. Other models of ganty cranes include
those that work with rubber tires, so no ruck is required.

4.distinguish between construction and expansion joints.

In simplistic terms a concrete construction joint is where one concrete

pour ends and, at a later time is joined by a second pour. Expansion joints are
generally placed at various intervals to all for the expansion/contraction of the
material of the bridge.

5.draw a typical beam to column connections.

A beam – column joint is define as that portion of the column with in the depth
of the deepest beam that frames into the column the beam column conection
comprises the joint plus portions of the column, beams , and slab immediately
adjacent to the point..

6.what is meant by detailing?

Steel reinforcement for construction various applications are used to produce

bar bending schedule which can be directly frd into CNC machine that cuts and
bends the rebar to the desired shapes.
7.what are types of r.c roof trusses ?

Scissor trusses are normally used to form a cathedial ceiling.hip trusses are
used to frame a hip roof and availablein basic three type terminal hip truss
system, hip master truss system step down hip truss and dutch hip trus system.

8.define roof panel

The roof panel is the section of material , usually sheet metal ,that forms the
roof . prefabricated units many include doors, stairs, window walls , wall
panels, floor panels, roof trusses, room sized components, and even entire
buildings.

9.define the term corbels ?

An architectural member that projects from with in a wall and supports a

weight especially one that is stepped upward and outward from a vertical
surface.

10.what are the types of folded plates ?

1. prismatic ; if they consists of rectangular plates 2. Pyramidal ; when non-

rectangular plates ar used 3. Prismoidal triangular or trapezoidal

[m.Arulmitran M.Tech struct 8124099599]

Unit-1

1.What do you meant by prefabricated structure ?

Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a

factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting complete assemblies or
sub- assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located.

2.What are the needs for prefabrication ?

Prefabricated building materials used for small prefabricated building are

steel, wood, fibre glass plastic or aluminium materials . this material are
cheaper than regular brick and concrete buildings
3.What is modular coordination ?

Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of dimesion and space in

which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in terms of
basic unit or module.

4.Give some prefabricated structures.

There are two main types of prefabrication, namely volumetric and panellised

5.List any four important advantage of prefabricated structures.

1. high quality product

2.labour related savings

3. savings in time

4.ensure high degree ooof safety.

6.What are the criteria in selection of the lifting points if the surfaaace should
be free of discerniable cracks ?

The use of synthetic fibres reinforceing mesh, or rebar can add some exter
support to concrete , cracks happen , reinforcement can hold the different
sections together.

7.List out the principle of prefabricated design.

Large prefabrication most of the members like wall panels, roofing ,flooring
systems, beams and columns are prefabricated . her degree of precast
elements are high cast-in-site prefabrication ; OFF site [factory]prefabrication;
one of the main factor which affect the factory prefabrication is transport.

8.What do you meant by standardization ?

Standardization is the process of developing , promoting and possibly

mandating standards-based and compatible technologies and processes With
in a given idustry
9.Write the principle of prefabricated design.

Need for prefabrication principles materials –modular coordination

standardization systems production transporation – erection disuniting of
structures- design of cross section based on efficiency of material used-
problems in design because of joint flexibility – allowance for joint
deformation.

10. Define the disuniting of prefabricated structures .

The solution of problems connected with the transporation and placing of

structures demands as a rule , their disuniting in to smaller members.