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Optimized Dispatch of Multi-energy Microgrid

Clusters
Wei Du Yunfan Shao Xun Dou
School of Economics and Management School of Electrical Engineering and School of Electrical Engineering and
North China Electric Power University Control Science Control Science
Beijing, China Nanjing TECH University Nanjing TECH University
duwei@sgepri.sgcc.com.cn Nanjing, China Nanjing, China
shaoyunfan@njtech.edu.cn dxnjut@njtech.edu.cn

Jun Wang Weili Ren Baohua Bai

School of Electrical Engineering and Bai Baohua State Grid Integrated Bai Baohua State Grid Integrated
Control Science Energy Service Grou Energy Service Group
Nanjing TECH University Beijing, China Beijing, China
Nanjing, China l1055371679@qq.com 1344573791@qq.com
wjnjut@163.com

Abstract—The joint scheduling of multi energy micro
energy network group can effectively absorb the residual heat
of electricity in each sub micro network through the
characteristics of energy substitutability and multi-agent
interaction. However, the complex relationship of multi energy
interaction brings difficulties to joint scheduling. In order to
minimize the operating cost of the system, this paper
establishes a day ahead optimal scheduling model of multi
energy micro grid group of cooling, heating and power
considering the consumption of clean energy. Through the joint
scheduling of micro grid group, it can promote the
consumption of residual heat in the sub micro grid. Finally, in
an example, by optimizing the operation of a multi-functional
microgrid group, the mechanism of joint scheduling of multi-
functional microgrid group is analyzed, and the effectiveness of
the optimization operation model proposed in this paper is
verified.
Keywords—multi-energy microgrid, integrated energy system,
clean energy consumption scheduling
I. INTRODUCTION
At present, the problem of air pollution is becoming more
and more serious, and energy saving and emission reduction
and improving energy use efficiency have become the
thermal spots of common concern all over the world [1]. As
an effective way of multi-energy complementary energy
cascade utilization, cold thermoelectric multi-energy system
can improve energy efficiency and renewable energy
absorption rate, and reduce system carbon emission. with the
development of multi-energy systems and the development
of renewable energy, various characteristic microgrids have
been formed under the influence of geographical factors, but
the energy supply of each microgrid is relatively
independent, and there is little energy interaction between
them [2]. At the same time, the uncertainty of renewable
energy output in microgrid is strong, and the coupling
characteristics of multi-energy coupling equipment are more
complex, which brings difficulties to realize the energy
interaction of multi-energy microgrid to improve renewable
energy utilization before ensuring economic benefit. The load
characteristics and energy supply characteristics of each
This research was supported by State Grid Corporation Technology
Project (Research and application of integrated energy system regulation
technology of power source, grid, load and storage interaction (No.
SGFJJY00GHJS1900066)).
microgrid are different and complementary. therefore, the
multi-microgrid forms a "community ", and it is meaningful
to carry out regional integrated energy optimal scheduling.
The optimal scheduling of cold thermoelectric multi-energy
microgrid considering clean energy consumption can realize
the joint optimal scheduling of multiple microgrids in the
region, promote the complementary advantages between
microgrids, and improve the overall renewable energy
consumption level of the system.
At present, Scholars at home and abroad have carried out
relevant research on the scheduling optimization of microgrid
cluster and microgrid. In the aspect of multi-energy
microgrid scheduling, the existing research can take multi-
microgrid and distribution network as different stakeholders,
and introduce the target cascade method to realize the
parallel solution of the optimal scheduling problem of
microgrid [3].Also proposed an optimal configuration
strategy for the hybrid energy storage capacity of microgrid
considering electric vehicle scheduling [4].we can also
establish a multi-objective programming model of ac-dc
hybrid microgrid considering the orderly charging of electric
vehicles under comprehensive constraints [5]. we can also
propose an energy control optimization strategy for
wind/light/chai/storage microgrid considering the
transferable load efficiency under the goal of cost
minimization [6]. we can also discuss the application of
different algorithms in solving microgrid energy
management [7]. In terms of optimal scheduling of
microgrids, the existing research can use the differential
evolution algorithm to optimize the solution of the fixed
capacity and location in the cogeneration microgrid [8]. It
can also establish the optimal coordination model of thermal
and cold power supply considering different seasonal rates of
electricity, natural gas and multiple distributed power
sources. We can also study the coordinated operation mode
of distribution network based on interactive dispatching,
considering the dual external characteristics of microgrid
power supply and load, the distribution network dispatching
center determines the power generation plan with the goal of
maximizing the power sales income of the power grid
company. The existing research focuses on the optimal
allocation of distributed energy in the microgrid, the optimal
allocation of load in the microgrid, and the research on the
optimal scheduling of the multi-energy microgrid cluster is

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not comprehensive considering the resource endowment and interaction in this case. Therefore, in the objective function,
load level of each microgrid. the cost of output, maintenance, thermal storage tank
construction, wind and light disposal are considered. The
Based on the economic and renewable energy objective function is as follows:
consumption of microgrids, considering the resource
endowment and load level of each microgrid and the
min F1 = ¦ ªα m ( Pm,t ) + β m Pm ,t + γ m º +
2
interaction between the microgrid clusters, this paper ¬«m ,t
¼»
proposes an optimal scheduling method of multi-energy (1)
microgrid cluster considering thermal and cold, and ¦ (VWC × Pmwc,t + VPC × Pi,pct )
establishes an optimal scheduling model for microgrids. The m ,t
main innovations of this paper are as follows:
While, VWC is the "abandoned wind" cost, F1 as the total
ЬConsidering the resource endowment and load operating cost of distribution network ,¢mǃ£mǃ¤m are
characteristics of each microgrid, the optimization model of cost factor for the mth microgrid, Pmwc,t is the active power for
microgrid cluster scheduling day ahead is established, which
microgrid m in t period, VPC is the cost of "abandon light",
is beneficial to give full play to the resource advantages of
each microgrid, realize multi-energy complementary, and Pmpc,t is the power of "abandon light" in t period of multi-
improve the system energy utilization ratio. energy microgrid m installed with PV.
ЬThe optimal scheduling method of cold thermoelectric 2. constraints
multi-energy microgrid is proposed, which is beneficial to
The constraint conditions mainly include unit output
promote the waste thermal absorption of each sub-
constraint, fan output constraint, PV output constraint, power
microenergy network under the premise of ensuring system
constraint of microgrid cluster and energy interaction
economy.
constraint between microgrid clusters.
The structure of this paper is as follows, and the second
2.1 Equipment operation constraints
section establishes the optimal scheduling model of
microgrid cluster. In the third section, an example is given to (1) PV power generation model
analyze the optimal scheduling of day ahead microgrid, and
the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. Section PV models are usually expressed as:
4 summarizes the main findings of this paper. PPV = ζ COSθη m Apη P (2)
II. DAY AHEAD OPTIMAL SCHEDULING MODEL While, ζ refers to the local light radiation intensity;
OF MICROGRID CLUSTER
θ refers to the incident angle of the light on the solar
A. Micronetwork structure panel; ηm refers to the efficiency of the MPPT controller,
The microgrid cluster structure used in this paper is which is mainly affected by the working temperature; Ap
shown in figure 1, and each microenergy network carries out
energy interaction through a tie line. The microgrids include refers to the area of the solar panel; η P refers to the
wind turbine units (WT), pthermalovoltaic (PV), electric efficiency of the solar panel.
refrigeration (EC), electric boilers (EB), combined heat and
(2) Wind power model
power (CHP) and other energy supply equipment. The load
includes three types: cold, thermal and electricity, the cooling V < Vin
­0
load is supplied by the EC, CHP; the thermal load is supplied ° 2
by the EB, CHP; and the electric load is supplied by the MT, °aV + bV + c Vin ≤ V ≤ Vn
WT, PV, CHP. Pwind =® (3)
° Pn Vn < V ≤ Vout
°0
Distribution
network
Gas ¯ V > Vout
distribution
network

&ROG AiG &ROG &ROG AiG

While, Vin represents the minimum wind speed required
3RZHU 3RZHU 3RZHU
Self-
discipli 1 1 Self-
discipli
Self-
discipli 1 Ă
for grid connection; Vn represents the wind speed when the
AiG AiG
ne
balance
7KHUPDO 7KHUPDO ne
balance
ne
balance
7KHUPDO rated power is reached; Vout represents the maximum wind
Microgrid
Clusters speed that can be borne during grid connection; V represents
Within the group
the measured wind speed under the current situation; Pn
Network
coordination Multi-functional represents the rated power output; a, b, c represents the
output characteristic parameters of the fan.
Fig .1 Microgrid cluster Structure (3) CHP model
B. Mathematical model Typical physical models of gas turbines can be expressed
1. objective function as:

From the point of view of the overall economy of the VCHP (t ) LNGηCHP
PCHP (t) = (4)
integrated energy system operators and the various Δt
microgrids, this paper provides the energy interaction way
for each microgrid through the leasing mode of thermal While, PCHP (t ) refers to the output electric power of the
storage tanks, considering the renewable energy consumption gas turbine in time period t; VCHP (t ) refers to the natural gas
of the system, aiming at the minimum total cost of the system
consumption of the gas turbine in time period t; LNG refers to
synthesis, solves the configuration capacity of the thermal
storage tanks which meet the system operation requirements the low calorific value of the natural gas; ηCHP refers to the
and economic requirements and the typical daily operation

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generation efficiency of the gas turbine; Δt refers to the time optimal configuration result of the thermal storage tank is
step. output.
(4) Electric Boiler Model Start

QEHB (t ) = ηEHB (1 − μ Loss ) PEHB (t ) (5) Input equipment

parameters and load k=1
While, QEHB (t ) represents the heat supply of the electric related data

boiler period t; PEHB (t ) represents the power consumption of Formula to

Historical Equipment
the electric boiler period t; η EHB represents the electric heat
calculate
data such type and Calculate operating
related k=k+1
as wind equipment planning costs
conversion efficiency; μLoss represents the heat loss of the
coefficients
speed and operating
and
load parameters
constants
period t.
N
(5) Electric Refrigeration Model
Whether the system
Latin cube sample generation scene
The refrigeration power provided by electric refrigeration operation cost is optimal
Y
is related to the input power and energy efficiency ratio.
Y
PEC = PEC , inη EC
K-means clustering method for scene
(6) reduction
Output system operating scheme
While, PEC is the output cooling power of the electric
Multi-energy mutual aid constraint
refrigerator; PEC ,in is the input electric power of the electric parameter setting
End

refrigerator; η EC is the energy efficiency ratio of the electric

refrigerator Figure 2 Flow chart.

2.3 Energy balance constraints III. EXAMPLE ANALYSIS

(1) Thermal balance constraints:
QHL,m (t ) = QEB,m (t ) + QEH,m (t )
(7)
+QCHP , m (t ) − ¦ QH,mi (t ) + ¦ QH.im (t )
i i
While, QHL , m (t ) , QEB, m (t ) , QEH , m (t ) , QCHP, m (t ) is the
thermal load, the power of EB, EH, CHP of the microgrid m
at time t, QH , mi (t ) is heat transferred from microgrid i to
microgrid m at time t, QH ,im (t ) is heat transferred from
microgrid m to microgrid i at time t.
(2) Power balance constraints:
Pwind,m (t )+PPV,m (t ) + PEGT,m (t )+¦ PE ,im (t )+PCHP , m (t )=
i
(8)
PEL , m (t )+PEH,m (t )+PEC,in,m (t ) + ¦ PE , mi (t )
i
While, PEL,m (t ) is the electric load of microgrid m at
time t, PE,mi (t ) is electricity transferred from microgrid i to
A. Basic data
This paper uses the CPLEX solver for model
optimization solution under GAMS platform. Example
selected a multi-microgrid cluster data for analysis, winter
and summer typical solar radiation and daily wind speed
reference [11].The example shows that there are three
microgrids in the microgrid cluster N1ǃN2ǃN3, which can
be equivalent to the same node under the same branch of the
energy network, and there are two tie lines between them for
multi-energy interaction. The frame diagram shows that the
load of each multi-energy sub microgrid is shown in figure 2,
and each microgrid mainly includes PV ǃWT ǃCHP ǃEB
ǃ EH. Due to the geographical location of N2, the wind
resources are less, and WT is not installed. The load of each
sub microgrid is shown in figure 3.
750
N1
N2
650
N3
550
EL/KW

microgrid m at time t, PE,im (t ) is electricity transferred from 450

microgrid m to microgrid i at time t. 350

(3) Cold balance constraint: 250

PEC,m( t )+PCHP,m (t )+ ¦ PC ,im =PCL , m (t ) + ¦ PC , mi (9) 150

i i 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Time/h
While, PCL,m (t ) is the cooling load of the microgrid m at
time t, PC,mi (t ) is cold transferred from microgrid i to a) Electric load of sub microgrid

microgrid m at time t, PC,im (t ) is cold transferred from

microgrid m to microgrid i at time t.
3. Solution flow
The model solving flow of this paper is shown in figure
2. first, the random running scene is generated, then the
optimal configuration of the thermal tank considering the
interaction of the microgrid cluster is carried out, and the

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480 80
N1 1->2 1->3 2->3
460 60
N2
440 N3 40

420 20
HL/KW 0

Power/KW
400
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
380 -20

360 -40

340 -60

320 -80

300 -100
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 -120
Time/h Time/h

b) Thermal load of sub microgrid b) Electric energy interaction of microgrid cluster

600 Figure 4 energy interaction of multi energy microgrid

N1 The optimal operation result of the multi energy
550 N2 microgrid cluster considering multi-energy mutual aid is to
N3
500 analyze the output of various devices in the multi energy
microgrid cluster and the electric energy interaction with the
450 distribution network, so that the cold, thermal and electric
CL/KW

400 loads in the multi energy microgrid cluster can reach a

balance. Taking the multi-energy microgrid cluster with
350 combined cooling, thermaling and power supply as an
300 example, the operation optimization result of the multi
energy microgrid cluster is analyzed, and the energy mutual
250 aid situation among the sub microgrids is shown in Figure 4.
200 As shown in figure a, at 7:00-14:00, N3 thermal load is high
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 at this time, and in order to supply the electrical load in the
Time/h sub microgrid, N1 has high CHP output and more thermal
energy output, but its thermal load is not high and there is
c) Cooling load of sub microgrid more residual thermal. As shown in Figure B, there are more
Figure3 Typical daily load curve electric energy interactions between N1 and N2, N2 and N3
B. Results Analysis during 7:00-10:00.
In order to compare and analyze the impact of the z Case2 operation
combined scheduling of microgrids on the overall economic
benefits, this paper sets up the following two scenarios for The optimization results of multi-energy microgrid
comparative analysis: operation are shown in Fig .3. Among them, the electric load
level shown in figure a is composed of seven parts: wind
Case 1: Joint optimal scheduling of multi energy power, PV, gas turbine power generation, power purchase of
microgrid considering multi energy mutual assistance. distribution network, power consumption of electric
refrigeration, and power consumption of electric boiler.
Case 2: Optimal scheduling of multi energy microgrid
When the electricity is used in the valley and the peak period
cluster with autonomous subnetworks.
of thermal consumption is 21:00-24:00, the electricity price
1) operation results in this period is low, as shown in Figure b, the electric boiler
z Case1 operation is selected to absorb the excess wind power and provide
thermal at a low price. As shown in Figure c, in the period of
130 13:00-21:00 when the cold peak time coincides with the
1->2 1->3 2->3 power peak time, CHP is in full open state and can supply a
large amount of waste thermal. Therefore, the cooling load is
80
mainly supplied by absorption refrigeration in this period.
However, in other periods, CHP waste thermal used for
30 refrigeration can not meet the demand of cooling load, so EC
Power/KW

is selected for supplementary cooling. It can be seen that the

output of electric refrigerator is limited by the price of
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 electricity, the output of gas turbine and the change of
-20
cooling load.
-70

-120
Time/h

a) Thermal energy interaction of microgrid cluster

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multi-energy microgrids cluster can improve the overall

PV WT PMT Pgrid
900 economic benefits
PEB PEC EL
700 IV. CONCLUSION
500 In this paper, we consider the energy interaction between
Power/KW multienergy microgrids, and establish the daily dispatching
300 optimization model of the cold heat and electric multi energy
micro network. The following conclusions are drawn:
100
z The joint scheduling of multi energy and micro network
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
-100 can give full play to the resource advantages of each
micro energy network and realize multi energy
-300
Time/h complementation.

a) N1 load balance
z This paper puts forward a method of daily optimal
scheduling for the multi energy micro energy network
500 of cooling, heating and power, which is beneficial to
450 QHE QEB HL improve the overall economic benefits of the micro
400 energy network group.
350
300 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Power/KW

250
This research was supported by State Grid Corporation
200
Technology Project (Research and application of integrated
150
energy system regulation technology of power source, grid,
100 load and storage interaction (No. SGFJJY00GHJS1900066)).
50
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Figure 3 Case1 State diagram of thermal storage charge
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