Table des matières

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 2
I_ HOLLOW BODY FLOOR .................................................................................................... 2
II- DALLES PLEINE EN BETON ARME ................................................................................ 5
1. DEFINITION ..................................................................................................................... 5
2. *CONCEPTION ET MISE EN ŒUVRE* .......................................................................... 6
3. AVANTAGES ET INCONVENIENTS ............................................................................ 7
III_ PREDALLE DECKING ...................................................................................................... 8
3-ADVANTAGES AND DISAVANTAGES OF PREDALLE DECKING ....................... 10
V- CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 10

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INTRODUCTION

Floor construction is one of the most serious activity in the building process serving as a
link between substructure and superstructure. A floor is a flat horizontal area separating
two levels of construction and it is capable of supporting loads (floor on crawl space,
intermediate floors, roof terrace floor). Apart from the foundation the floor of the building
serves as the most immediate support for superstructure. The load of the column and
imposed loads are first transmitted to the floor before reaching the foundation concrete.
The inability of the floor to support the above load onward transmission, will indicate the
ineffective nature of the whole building. To ensure that floor are effectively constructed
and serve the desired purpose, the knowledge of appropriate principle and practice is very
necessary Generally a floor is made up of 3 distinct part; coating, the load bearing and the
ceiling. In this analysis we are going to lay emphasis on Hollow body floors, Reinforced
concrete floors (slap)and prelabs floors, their mode of applications, advantages and
disadvantages.

I_ HOLLOW BODY FLOOR

1-DEFINITION
Hollow body floors are composed of tree main elements
-The hollow bodies (interjoists) which as permanent form work.
-The reinforced concrete beam which ensure behavior of the tensile forces
-The stab powed over the interjoist which takes up the effort of compression and is
surrounded by horizontal chairing

2-HOW THE FLOOR IS DONE

-The various materials are needed for the process such as cement concrete,sand,iron
rod(8,10,12mm)binding wires boards just to name few
-level is taken in various parts of half pillars made and planks are nailed
-After this,boards are placed either transversal or longitudinal following

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-The builder lines is then used to nailed end to end of the planks and the props(bamboos) are
cut and placed under the bourds so as to have the same level.
-The iron rods ,and binding wires are used to produce ribbed beams and beam which will be
used for this process.
-The boards are placed all over the spaced following the dimensions requied.
-The center distance between the beams is 50cm
-The ribbed beams are first placed on the carriers(boards).
-The correct spacing is ensured by the placement of interjoist at each end.
-Boards supported by bamboo`sare placed under the beams to enable then to support the
implementation of the slabs
-the rows of bemboos are laid at 1/3 and2/5 of the span for the beams
-The hollow blocks are placed one after another in lines in between the ribbed beams on the

board.
-After placement rods(longitudinal and transversal rod) are on the hollow blocks in requirable
dimensions both vertically and horizontally and tired with binding wires the process is to
render the floor more durable and solid against heavy things or cracks and for long lasting and
this process is generally called mesti
-Facia boards are nailed on all ends of the building to avoid the pouring of the mortar mixed
- The installation is carried out from the plan provided by the manufacturer.
-The installation of the end beam

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-The installation of second beam with a center distance of 60cm
-The installation of the 2 end braces of beams
-The installation of all the beams with 2 interjoists
-Cement, gravel, sand is mixed it is poured on the structure beginning on the ribbed beams
which is the most important part and followed by the whole floor to a chosen

Figure 4 : les différents types de poutrelles

Dispositions constructives - armatures

3-ADVENTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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 Advantages
It is less expensive
The floor is relatively light
They are ideal for creating crawl spaces
It improve thermal insulation
It does not require heavy lifting equipment
Disadvantages
They have mostly hight floor thickness
No flexixility in space and size
It requires a lot of handling like relatively
long implementation

4-THE FOLLOWING USES OF THIS TYPE OF FLOOR

-The role of the interjoists is to support the weight of the compression slab during the pouring
phrase

-Hollow body floors are mostly and highy used and seen in our daily society due to it
lightness, cheapness and material for it are seen every where in our daily society due to it
lightness,cheapness and material for it are seen every where in the society.
-The use of ribbed beams is construction is to transmit the load the beams, to pillars and
directly to earth

II- DALLES PLEINE EN BETON ARME

1. DEFINITION
Lorsque nous parlons de DALLES ( planché ) nous faisons allusion aux dalles
suspendus et aux dalles au sol. La dalle pleine en béton armé est donc constitué d’un
épaisseur en béton de 15 à 20 cm en moyenne, coulée sur un coffrage plat.
Le béton armé sert à renforcer la solidité du plancher. Pour sa réalisation le plancher
a besoin d’une conception et d’une mise en œuvre technique.

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2. *CONCEPTION ET MISE EN ŒUVRE*
A, Conception

Elle se fait par le biais de matériaux et des techniques à point.

** Les appuis : la dalle étant une structure porteuse, elle repose nécessairement
sur 2 ou 4 appuis au minimum ( les murs porteurs, les poteaux, les poutres ou
les longrines de fondation.
** Les armatures : elles sont impératif pour une dalle pleine. Afin d’éviter
tout risque de fissuration et d’effondrement, des aciers sont placés dans la
zone de traction1 . On distingue alors les aciers porteurs qui sont positionnés
parallèlement à la portée des aciers de répartition placés perpendiculairement
à la portée. En fonction du ferraillage souhaité plusieurs nappes de treillis
soudés sont positionnés. L’enrobage des aciers est compris entre 3cm et 5
cm si l’ouvrage est situé en milieu agressif 2 .
** Le ferraillage : il consiste à disposer un film polyane 3 afin de protéger le
béton ; en suite installer les treillis sur des cales et raccordé l’ensemble avec
du fil de fer ; le béton doit être coulé par-dessus le ferraillage réaliser afin
d’éviter la rouille.
** Le coffrage : la réalisation d’une dalle nécessairement sur un étaiement 4
. Afin de couler la dalle à la bonne hauteur l’étaiement doit obligatoire être
contreventé .

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 Attention ! Les coffrages présentent le risque d’effondrement pendant la
mise en œuvre. Les étais simples doivent être équipés de trépieds.
Les poutres primaire doivent être bloquées sur les fourches pour éviter leur
renversement.
B- Mise en œuvre

Une fois l’opération de ferraillage et de coffrage terminées le béton armé doit entré
en jeu. En effet, il viendra achevé le processus de dallage. Il consiste à mélanger les
graviers, les sables et ciments à la bonne dose ( celle correspondante à la
superficie et aux charges qu’elle devra porter plus tard ) en fin déverser le béton
sur toute la surface coffré et il ne reste plus qu’à chapé .

3. AVANTAGES ET INCONVENIENTS
AVANTAGES INCONVENIENTS
- Pas de contrainte liée à la - nécessite l'immobilisation de
préfabrication, nombreux coffrages,
- Dalle de taille et de forme - mise en œuvre longue,
quelconque, Elle a une épaisseur comprise - mauvaise résistance aux bruits
entre 14 et 25cm d'impacts.
- ne nécessite pas forcément un gros Elle consomme énormément de béton
matériel de levage, et d’acier
- bonne isolation aux bruits aériens,
le béton armé qu’elle contient permet
d’augmenter la résistance mécanique Elle coute tres chaire
de la structure,

-
-
- bonne résistance au feu.
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 III_ PREDALLE DECKING
1°Definition;
Predalle decking refers to the prefabrication of floors called preslabs in factories or
industries under strict control of all technical aspect (reinforcement and concrete) and
implanting them in the site of construction.
Predalle decking is set to be complete when the actual floor (deck floor) absorbed the
compression.
Before using a preslab you must know its characteristics;
i-It should be coated with meshes (iron rod) for the stability of the preslabs.
ii-The quality of the concrete should be welled dosed.
iii-The shaped of the preslabs should correspond to the given project.
vi-It should have a length of (2400-700mm) width (1200-2400) and thickness(40-
150mm).
v-It should have a lift hook for it lifting and transportation.
vi-It should have a rough face at the top for reconcreting and a smooth base (to reduce
pastry).
vii-It should be chamfers (the predalle should have spacemen of rod to connect with
poles or wall of the building).

Barre de treillis

There exist two types of preslabs depending on their steel reinforcement;

Classic or simple preslabs (thin and little steel reinforcement) and Prestressed (thick and
much steel reinforcement).

2-INSTALLATION OF A SLAB (PREDALLE DECKING PROCESS).

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As mention earlier, the slabs are manufactured and transported to the site of installation.
They are lifted and place to the building from their lifters hook using lifters.
The preslabs are supported by at least 2cm on the vertical carriers side by side and are
shored.
The preslabs are jointed together in many ways; straight joint, joint with rebate, V-joint
and cast joint.
Reinforcement is make between the preslabs and the wall or poles of the building by
chamfers;

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-by standby laying on the poles or building
- by adjusting the preslabs to the wall or building
- by engraving mandatory
Bonded rod are bind to the preslabs surfaces (meshes reinforcement) and concrete is pour
onto it to form a SLAB (concrete slabs)
After the process above, it is important to carefully treat the joint between the slabs .
The combination between the preslabs and the slabs form the predalle.

3-ADVANTAGES AND DISAVANTAGES OF PREDALLE DECKING

ADVANTAGES
-Excellence resistant to aging
-no framework is require
-uses prefabricated element in various
shaped
-quick and easily installed
DISADVANTAGES
-require heavy requirement e.g lifters
-joint treatment require
-relatively limited scope

vi- Uaseges

At the end of our work which was to talk about Hollow body floors, Reinforced concrete
floors (slap)and prelabs floors, their mode of applications, advantages and disadvantages, it is
coming out that all of them have differents adventages and desavantages . Thus we can say
that the one which is mostly realise is the Hollow body floors because it is not more expensive
and easy to realiaze in practice

V- CONCLUSION
At the end of our work which was to talk about on Hollow body floors, Reinforced
concrete floors (slap)and prelabs floors, their mode of applications, advantages and
disadvantages, we can say that the most realize is the hollow body floor because it is less
expenssive and it is easy to realize . But we choice of the type of floor denpend of the
type and the use of the bulding in which we will realize it

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