The Impact of Banana Peel, Egg Shell as a Fertilizer for Spring Onion ( Allium

fistulosum )

A Research Study

Presented to

The Secondary Department

Senior High School

Saint Joseph School Foundation Incorporated

Zamboanga City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Senior High School

Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Strand

Agudera, Rafael W.

Chiong, Ken Hensley R.

Iglisan, Alexia Jenn R.

Nolasco, Rochel L.

March 13, 2023

DEDICATION
This study is dedicated to God Almighty, our creator, our strong pillar, our source of

inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding. He has been the source of strength

throughout this program and on His wings only have we soared.

To the teachers, parents, and friends who have been the constant source of motivation,

inspiration, and financial support for the feasibility of this study. They’ve provided the

motivation and discipline to persevere in completing a task. Without the support,

assistance, and love, This study would have been impossible.

The researchers in this study were extremely grateful to him for his huge amounts of

effort, time, compassion, dedication, patience, ideas, and aspiration in creating this

paper to have been the optimism of the poor and marginalized by choosing possible

alternatives that would help humanity as a whole.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Foremost, the researchers wish to extend their deepest gratitude to the ALMIGHTY

GOD for giving them the strength, courage, wisdom and Determination. They believe

that there is nothing impossible after all to finish what seemed not to be possible.

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to our Research Teacher MR

GERAL C. EKONG, for his rich insights and brilliant suggestions on the improvement of
the study and his patience in constructing and reconstructing the papers; and the

Chairman of the Panelists, for his comments and suggestions. His expertise and

experiences in the field of research have given the researchers practical points related

to the research process and to further improve the study Besides our research teacher ,

we would like to thank Ms. LALAINE MOLAS, The Evaluator assistant for their expertise

in the field of research. Comments and suggestions help the researchers to develop the

research.

Last but not the least, We would like to thank our friends, teammates, relatives and

family for supporting us spiritually throughout this study.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to make an alternative way to produce fertilizer utilizing

the household waste for the Spring Onion (Allium fistulosum) growth Banana Pee and

Egg Shell as an alternative way to produce fertilizer. It has been experimentally proven

that using Banana Peel and Egg Shell as a Fertilizer as organic fertilizer on spring onion

( Allium fistulosum) can drastically reduce the number of days needed for the usual

planting duration of 8 weeks, resulting in a 10-day early harvest. Specifically sought to

determine if there was a significant difference in growing spring onion among the

following set-ups: (i) without fertilizer, (ii) Banana Peel Powder and (iii) Egg Shell

Powder Extract Treatment. The researchers used True-Experimental Design to properly

execute the study. Moreover, the following factors Were observed in each subject: the

length of the height in centimeters (cm), the Ph soil. To avoid potential biases and
maintain objectivity, the total collected samples were gathered using a Completely

Randomized Design.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ...................................................................................................... i

Dedication...................................................................................................... ii

Acknowledgement............................................................................................iii

Abstract.........................................................................................................iv

Table of contents...............................................................................................v

List of tables................................................................................................ viii

List of figures................................................................................................viii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study................................................................................... 8-9

Statement of the Problem.................................................................................9-10

Scope and Delimitations of the Study.................................................................10-11

Limitations ....................................................................................................11
Significance of the Study................................................................................12-13

Operational Definition.......................................................................................14

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature............................................................................16-30

Theoretical Framework..................................................................................24-27

Conceptual Framework..................................................................................27-29

Conceptual Paradigm.....................................................................................27-30

Research Hypothesis.........................................................................................30

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

Research Design..........................................................................................31-34

Preparation of the Materials.................................................................................35

Experimentation of the Hydroponic Set-up...............................................................36

Experimentation of Fertilizer Treatments..............................................................41 47

Research Locale..............................................................................................47

Research Instrument..........................................................................................48
Validity and Reliability......................................................................................48

Research Procedure...........................................................................................49

Data Gathering................................................................................................49

Statistical Tool............................................................................................50-51

Data Analysis Procedure................................................................................51-52

CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

Research Problem #1 ....................................................................................53-59

Research Problem #2 ....................................................................................59-60

Research Problem #3 ....................................................................................60-61

5 | Page

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary ..................................................................................................64-65

Findings ...................................................................................................65-66

Conclusion ................................................................................................66-68
Recommendations ...........................................................................................68

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................66-74

VALIDATION LETTERS ............................................................................75-79

APPENDICES ..........................................................................................81-83

RESEARCHERS’ PROFILES

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

According to P. Das, et al (2021). Nowadays, chemical fertilizer is used as a

fertilizer on farms all over the world. Water pollution may occur if fertilizer is applied

improperly and the farm’s drainage system is not properly distributed. The farm’s

ammonia-nitrogen-containing water will contaminate the river as it flows into it. The

overuse of chemical fertilizers is the biggest worry in agriculture. According to Khanom,

et al (2020). Food waste can be converted into organic fertilizer, which can be used in

place of chemical fertilizers. According to Shanes, Dobernig & Gozbet (2018). statistics,

people worldwide produce 1.3 billion tonnes of food waste. When food is produced,

stored, transported, and treated as waste, there is an impact on the environment.

Examples of these include greenhouse gas emissions, soil degradation, deforestation,

water and air pollution, and more.

According to Zhang, et al (2020). The most prevalent type of waste in our nation

is food waste or a lack of food. Our community can reduce the amount of food waste it

produces by using organic fertilizer produced from food waste. In this study, an organic

fertilizer was made using banana peel as well as egg shell. Banana peel contains

significant amounts of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and biomass fiber, all of which

are vital ingredients in organic fertilizer. Egg shells contain phosphate and calcium, two

nutrients that are crucial for plant growth.

According to Johansen, et al (2021). Food waste can be converted into organic

fertilizer, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers while also benefiting the

environment. The management of soil pH and the production of organic fertilizer are two

additional ways that organic which aids in maintaining soil structure is soil microbes.

The development of microbial biomass carbon in the soil can also be aided by organic

fertilizer made from food waste.

Hence, This study is to create fertilizer from Egg Shells, Banana Peel as a

Fertilizer for Spring Onion to measure the pH of soil that is suitable for planting spring

onion, and look at the effects of various dosages to the spring onions compost.

Eggshells and Banana Peels are just a couple of the organic waste-derived raw

materials used in this project; These things will be extracted from household waste. The

Spring Onion is being used as a test subject to determine the efficacy of fertilizers. In
order to find the ideal fertilizer Dosage, The Spring Onion will also receive various

additions of compost

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effect of Household Waste to produce an Alternative

way of fertilizer to the Spring Onion as well as to determine the height and growth of the

plants. It specifically seeks responses to the following queries:

1.Is there any significant difference between the Banana Peel and Egg Shell to the

growth of plants in limited amount of time?

2. What is the average length of the sample plant under the second treatment (Banana

Peel ) and (Egg Shells) in centimeters?

3. Does using household waste as fertilizer have an effect on how well plants grow?

Hypothesis

Hu: There is a significant difference among the following treatments [T1( 20g of

Banana Peels and 40g of Egg Shell) [ T2 ( 40g Egg Shell and 20g of Banana Peels)
and [T3 (Commercialized Fertilizer)] As a fertilizer for Spring Onion in terms of Growth

and Height.

Significance of the Study

The Significance of this study can help shorten the spring onion harvest season. By

utilizing eggshells and banana peels as organic fertilizer for 25 days. This may increase

livelihood. Because it will aid local farmers and the market, in addition to offering

benefits specifically focused to the less developed areas of the economy. The following

are considered specific benefits of the study’s findings:

Environment

The outcomes of this analysis are because the fertilizers utilized were organic plant

resources and waste materials The environment’s stability and safety will be helped

through study. Instead of contaminating the To reduce trash and protect the

environment, these waste products were repurposed as fertilizer. Moreover, it Promotes

the growth and reproduction of organic plants.

Farmers

It can benefit our local farmers to harvest spring onions more efficient as it can give

more green, nutrients and good quality. Furthermore, the fertilizers are household waste
which is banana peels and eggshells. It implies that farmers won’t need to make any

further investments. Thus, the result of this study will help the farmers maximize their

potential income, as they do not have to spend on chemicals.

Agriculture

The Department of Agriculture will be capable of accomplishing their objective of

empowering farmers toward economic sustainability through using household wastes

which is the use of banana peel and eggshells in farming with the support of the study’s

findings.

Future Researchers

Future researchers can benefit from this study’s in-depth analysis, information, and

ideas on how household waste as fertilizer can result in good quality harvesting and

won’t need to make any further investments. It can be utilized in new studies as

referential data to test the validity of findings. As a result, the results of this study will

provide a good basis for later studies.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on what would happen if household waste (egg shells, banana

peels) were applied to plants as fertilizer (spring onion). It aims to examines whether a

plant will improve or deteriorate if a particular fertilizer is applied. Study will be

conducted at the said planting and plant the aforementioned plant, The researcher will

conduct the research study planning located at Sta. Maria Governor Ramos Riverdale.
Zamboanga City. On February 4, 2023, data will be gathered, and the researcher will

also collect the aforementioned data.

Limitations

The fertilizers’ chemical components may or may not be absorbed by the spring onion.

It is unclear whether spring onions are healthy. It is advised to check the spring onion in

a laboratory using the appropriate tools to determine the chemical elements of the

spring onion harvested. Also to measure the plant’s height and growth.

Operational definition

In order to have an easy and better understanding, the researchers define the following

terminologies according to how it is used in this study:

Banana Peel- The ultimate layer covering banana fruit. Banana peels are known for

being rich in potassium and it also contained nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and

magnesium that helped to fertile the soil and grow spring onion plants.

Eggshell- a thin, fragile, tough outside covering of an egg. Eggshells are produced of

carbonated calcium which will be used as an alternative fertilizer to germinate spring

onion plant in loam soil because it contains nutrients like calcium, magnesium,

phosphorus and potassium that can help the soil grow crops
Spring Onion (Allium fistulosum) - is one of the study’s independent variables. For

this study, three (03) bulb spring onion were used and serve as a research dependent

variable.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section discusses review of related literature and studies that concerns the

research topic. It consists of information that supports and strengthens the study for a

better comprehension.

I. Banana Peel

Banana contains important nutrients, which could be recycled into useful materials to be

reused in different purposes. Extraction of mixed Nano bio stimulant fertilizer from

banana peels is the main purpose of this investigation. According to Faridi., et al

(2018).Fertilizer substitutes elements that have been used by plants. There are two

available fertilizers, inorganic and organic fertilizers. Long-term use of inorganic

fertilizers on a land negatively affects the crop and the soil fertility, hence, the organic

one is a better choice.This study aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer

of banana peels on the growth of red spinach and determine the best treatment for red

spinach growth. According to Fadhilah., et al (2021). The combination of waste banana

peel and waste egg shell in producing of bio-mulching film is a new innovation in

agricultural industry. Bio-mulching film is a biodegradable plastics films that can help in

increasing the moisture content of soil and improving the soil ingredients in order to

make the plants grow well. According to Nik Yusuf.., et al (2016). Fertilizers are any
organic or chemically manufactured item that is applied to soil in order to provide one or

more plant nutrients required for growth. According to Mary.., et al (2019).Banana peel

is high in biomass fiber, nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, all of which are essential

components of organic fertilizer. Phosphate and calcium, which become essential for

plant growth, are found in egg shells. While yeast contain nutritional, efficient and

improve soil in plants. According to Ahmad.., et al (2022). The application of chemical

fertilizer improved the growth rate in the plantation. However, chemical fertilizer itself

was not environmentally friendly. Thus, organic fertilizer with low production cost should

be undergoing thorough research. This study investigated the performance of organic

fertilizer produced using okra/sago and okara/banana peel on the growth rate of the

plants. According to Josephine.., et al (2021). Organic liquid fertilizer was derived from

naturally existing products such as plants and animal manure. Organic liquid fertilizer is

a sustainable alternative solution to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers in agriculture.

According to Nirmani., et al (2021). The main objective of this research is to promote the

reuse of wastes resulting from different manufacturing processes such as fruit peels

(e.g. banana and orange peels) as substitutes (at least partially) of mineral fertilizers.

This might have positive effects in maintaining human health and reducing

environmental pollution. According to Mona (2021). The world generates millions of tons

of bioorganic waste in the form of peels annually, thus requiring more sustainable

solutions to valorise these bioresources. Therefore, the objectives of the current study

are the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of pomegranate (PP),

banana (BP), and tangerine (TP) peels and the study of the effects of these peels and

their mixtures (PBTP) at each stage of their decomposition in water and soil, as well as
the effects of their decomposition water on the germination and growth of Pisum

sativum L.. According to Barnossi.., et al (2022). Potential of vermicompost produced

from banana waste (Musa paradisiaca) on the growth parameters of Solanum

lycopersicum. According to Ascash (2013).

II. Egg Shell

Eggshells are one of the solid wastes in the world and are considered hazardous

according to European Commission regulations. The utilization of solid wastes, like

eggshells, will help create a sustainable environment by minimizing the solid wastes

that are disposed into the environment. The utilization of eggshell powder in cement

also helps to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from cement factories by reducing

clinker production. According to Natnael..,(2019). Everyday huge quantity of eggshells

is generated as bio-waste around the globe. Eggshell waste disposal contributes to

environment pollution and also the disposal includes cost, availability of disposal sites.

Odor of eggshell provides site for flies and abrasiveness. According to Radha.,(2019).

Eggshell is a solid waste, with production of several tons per day. Eggshell is mostly

sent to the landfill with a high management cost. It is economical to transform the

eggshell waste to create new values from these waste materials. The present article is

an attempt to summarize the possible applications of eggshell. According to Faridi, H., &

Arabhosseini, A. (2018). Agricultural wastes are some of the most emerging problems

In food industries because of their disposal cost. However, it is also an opportunity for

the bioeconomy society if new uses for these residual materials can be found.

Eggshells, considered a hazardous waste by UE regulations, are discarded, amounting

hundreds of thousands of tonnes worldwide. This egg processing waste is a valuable

source material, which can be used in different fields such as fodder or fertilizer

production. According to Amanda., et al (2017). The disposal of waste eggshells results

in severe environmental and human health interests. Eggshells in powder form have the

potential to be utilized in cementitious materials as a partial substitute for cement and

fine aggregate. Hence, an environmentally friendly construction material can be

produced with the use of eggshell powder. According to Yang.., et al (2022).

llI. Spring Onion

According to (Zhou et al., 2021) Since spring onion (Allium fistulosum) is one of the

most commonly cultivated vegetables around the world (Food and Drug Administration,

nd), it is important to understand optimal growth conditions for this crop. Despite its

culinary and economic importance, there is no consensus on how the pH value of water

affects spring onion growth. So, the objective of our study is to determine the effect of

water pH on spring onion growth.We watered spring onion roots with water mixed with

vinegar to make four different pH treatments and measured stem height over time as a

proxy for growth.This result differs from our hypothesis, but could be because other

factors such as mineral content in soil, or sunlight, had a larger effect on spring onion

growth and so the effect of pH was negligible in comparison to other factors. Spring

Onion (Allium fistolisum) is a promising source of bioactive moieties such as quercetin

and flavonoids that exhibited various biological activities as anticancer and antioxidant.

Samples of spring onion were analyzed using HPLC. Minerals profiling, antioxidant

potential, and quantification of polyphenols were measured as indicators of

antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The quercetin and gallic acid

contents in leaves and bulb portion were reported at 23.42±2.34 & 16.96±1.69 and

15.06±1.56 & 99.57±9.55, respectively. Likewise, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acid were

quantified in leaves at 10.37±1.03, where as it was 12.33±1.23 in bulb portion. Results

revealed that ethanol extract of the bulb portion exhibited the highest percentage

inhibition of 10.45± 1.04% against anti-inflammatory activity as compared to methanol

extract, 8.53 ± 0.85%.Similarly, bulb ethanolic and methanolic extracts of spring onion

showed anticancer inhibition activities as 10.03 ± 1.00 & 31.00 ± 1.77%.In brief, spring

onion has good anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer potential and it is

recommended to use these extracts on the pharmaceutical level (Aslam et al., 20theor

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This experimental research study is anchored on the following theory:

I. Spring Onion (Allium fistulosum)

Chinese spring onion (Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino) originated in

northwest China and several neighboring countries at least 2000 years ago and is

widely cultivated in Shandong, Henan, Hebei and Shaanxi provinces. The total

cultivated area was 5.5 × 105 ha in 2006, accounting for 10% of the total cultivated area

of vegetable crops and 7% of the total vegetable production in China (Ministry of

Agriculture of China, 2007). The leaf and pseudostem can be consumed at the stage of

seedling and immature pseudostem. In contrast to onion (Allium cepa L.), most Chinese

spring onion can be planted in winter, showing a more erect foliage habit, poorer texture
and stronger flavor (Wang et al., 2005, Abbey et al., 2002). In China there are over 200

cultivars of Chinese spring onion, classified as long pseudostem (LP), short

pseudostem (SP) and fleshy root (FR) types based on pseudostem length and shape

(Jiang, 2000). Long pseudostem, soft leaves, low soluble solids concentration and mild

flavor are the main characteristics of the LP type of Chinese spring onion. The FR types

have fleshy roots, tight pseudostem, high soluble solids concentration and intense

flavor. The SP type is intermediate between the other two types (Wang, 2000). Nutrient

supply can influence the growth of Chinese spring onion. High rates of N are applied to

onion to increase the percentage of large onion bulbs and excessive nutrient supply is

common in intensive planting regions to maximize marketable yield. For example, the

range of applied N varies from 360 to 600 kg N ha−1 in Zhangqiu county but the

recommended rate is 240 kg N ha−1 with a target yield of 60 t ha−1 (Jiang et al., 2007).

Because of the poor root systems of Chinese spring onion, there is a high risk of nitrate

leaching and this increases the potential for nitrate to contaminate the groundwater.

Earlier studies have shown that S supply influences bulb yield, plant dry matter, and

flavor intensity in Allium crops (Lancaster and Randle, 2002). N and S interact to exert a

strong effect on various growth parameters such as dry matter and flavor biosynthetic

pathway of hydroponically grown onion (Coolong and Randle, 2003), the alliin content of

sand-grown onion and garlic (Bloem et al., 2004), and the flavor of soil-grown spring

onion (Guo et al., 2006a, Guo et al., 2006b) and field grown onion (McCallum et al.,

2005). However, little is known about the influence of the interaction between N and S

on growth and flavor intensity of different pseudostem types of Chinese spring onion.
Allium crops differ in pungency due to variation in their S uptake and metabolism,

variation in the flavor biosynthetic pathway, and also variation in environmental

conditions (Yoo et al., 2006, Baghalian et al., 2005, Dhumal et al., 2007). However,

surprisingly few studies have demonstrated effects of S and N nutrition on pungency of

different pseudostem types of Chinese spring onion.

Conceptual Framework

This study discusses the interrelationship of independent and dependent variables.

I. Banana Peels

Banana Peels is one of the independent variable of this study. It serve as an alternative

fertilizer for the spring onion plant development. The independent variables for this

study are regarded as controllable, meaning that the spring onion plant will depend its

development on the use of the independent variables.

II. Egg Shells

An eggshell is one of the independent variables of this study. It fills in as an alternative

fertilizer for spring onion. This variable can be controlled, or it is controllable, which

makes the spring onion relied upon it. It depends on what the independent variable are

composted off that will benefit to the growth of the plants.

III. Spring Onion (Allium fistulosum)

Spring onion (Allium Fistulosum) plant will be the dependent variable of this study. The

dependent variable depended on the independent variables and the development of

spring onion plant will result to be effect of the study after depending on the use of

alternative fertilizer.

Conceptual Paradigm

Figure 1.1 Interrelationship of Variables

In this framework, The independent variable is the Banana Peel and Egg Shell used as

Fertilizer for Spring Onion ( Allium fistulosum) with the following set – ups: a. Traditional

Method ( without Fertilizer) ; b. Banana Peel with fertilizer and c. Egg Shell as Fertilizer
to the Spring Onion ( Allium fistulosum) as a dependent variable in terms of : a. height

(cm) of the growth spring onion ( Allium Fistulosum) b. different effect of 2 variables c.

Testing of the Ph Soil for suitable soil for plant growth.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This section presents the research design, population and sampling procedure.

Research instruments, data gathering procedure and data analysis procedure.

Research Design

This study will utilized a True- Experimental Research Design since it aims to determine

the effectiveness of Banana Peel, Egg Shell as an alternative way to produce fertilizer

to a plant (Allium Fistulosum)Spring Onion additive material for Concrete production.

This research was divided into the following stages: a. Collection of Banana Peel, Egg

Shell from household waste; b. Cleaning process of the Banana Peel, Egg Shell; c.

Drying for about 8 – 9 hours a day; D. (Banana Peel, Egg Shell); E; Observation and

Scale grams F ; Banana Peel and Egg Shell Powered by Mixer G. 3 plant pot ; H. Data

analysis; and j. Conclusion; In preparing the materials for Spring Onion (allium

fistulosum). The researchers will prepared the following materials needed for the

experimentation for safety and personal protection must Include, laboratory gowns,

surgical masks, gloves. The researchers also will be prepared Banana Peel and Egg
shell, weighing scale gram In experiments, Researchers must clean the Banana Peel

and Egg shell for freshness and absorbs the nutrients inside of it. The researchers must

dry the banana peel skin and egg shell for about to 72 hours. Collection of Banana Peel

and Egg Shell Banana Peel and Egg Shells will be collected from household waste.

These will be collected using of gloves and mask. 150kg of Banana Peels will be

needed and will be placed in a clean plastic bag and kept for the experimentation. 89.04

grams of Banana Peels will be gathered, will be placed in a clean plastic bag and set

aside for the preparation Fertilization.

Research Locale

This research study will be conducted at Sta. Maria Governor Ramos Riverdale.

Zamboanga City.

Research Instrument

The study will use one instrument for data collection. The researchers prepared by an

observation sheet that will serve as the research Instrument for the data collection. In

the observation sheet, the researchers gathered data by describing the development of

the Spring onion plant through naturalistic observation, through it, the researchers

determined the effectiveness of the use of eggshell and banana peels as an alternative

fertilizer.

Validity and Reliability

The observation sheet prepared by the researchers for collecting data on the

effectiveness of using banana peel and eggshells as an alternative fertilizer, were

validated by a panel of experts who looked into their quality, formality, grammatically,

relevance, and correctness.

Research Procedure

Following the collection of the necessary materials for the experiment, The research

created a. controlled environment set up – which consists of three types of set ups: a.

Without Fertilization b. Banana Peel Treatment c. Egg Shells Treatment.

Data Gathering | Statistics Tool

For the data collection procedure, the researchers created a tabular form that listed the

soil’s length in centimeters (cm) and Ph level. Each of us researchers in the field of

approving the data gathering procedure validated the data gathering procedures. A

daily experimental journal was conducted to record specific changes between

treatments. The data was gathered over a 10-day period, and there was a significant

change in spring onion length (cm). After the data gathering, statistical treatment is

conducted to withdraw analysis from the data accumulated. The statistical tools include

the mean and standard deviation and ANOVA, JAMOVI analysis.

 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATIONS, INTERPRETATION OF RESULT

 CHAPTER V

Summary

This study aims to determine the differences of each variables in producing a fertilizer to

a plant (Allium fistulosum). There are 3 set – up in this study. A. without fertilization b.

Banana Peel Treatment c. Egg Shells Treatments for the plant of Spring Onion (Allium

fistulosum) in terms of distinguishing between each component’s length (in

centimeters), height, and growth. Investigations have shown that using eggshells and

banana peels to make an organic fertilizer for spring onions (Allium fistulosum) can

drastically shorten the time needed for planting and allow for harvesting in as little as 10

days instead of the usual 8 weeks.

Findings

Conclusion

Recommendations

The following are suggested because of the study’s findings and conclusions.
1. Future researchers will be able to use the soil in the experiment.

2. For future researchers to study spring onions.

3. For Future researchers to investigate the effects of banana peel and eggshells as

fertilizers.

4. For future researchers to investigate the potential use of household waste as

fertilizer.

5. For future researchers to study the growth of spring onions in 8 weeks.