THERMODYNAMICS

1. If air is at pressure, p, of 3200 lbf/ft^2, and at a temperature, T, of 800 ˚R, What is the specific volume, v?
(R=5303 ft-lbf/lbm-˚R, and air can be modeled as an ideal gas.) ANS: 13.33 ft^3/lbm

2. Steam at 1000 lbf/ft^2 pressure and 300˚R has specific volume of 6.5 ft^3/lbm and a specific enthalpy of 9800
lbf-ft/lbm. Find the internal energy per pound mass of steam. ANS: 3300 lbf-ft/lbm

3. 3.0 lbm of air are contained at 25 psia and 100 ˚F. given that Rair = 53.35 ft-lbf/lbm-˚F, what is the volume of
the container?

4. The compressibility factor, x, is used for predicting the behavior of non-ideal gases. How is the compressibility
factor defined relative to an ideal gas? (subscript “c” refers to critical value)

5. From the steam table, Determine the average constant pressure specific heat (c) of steam at 10 kPa and 45.8 ˚C
From the steam table at 47.7 ˚C At 43.8 ˚C
hf = 2588.1 kJ/ kg
hfg = 2581.1 kJ/ kg

6. A 10m^3 vessel initially contains 5 m^3 of liquid water and 5 m^3 of saturated water vapor at 100 kPa. Calculate
the internal energy of the system using the steam table.
Formula: from the steam table
vƒ = 0.001043 m^3 / kg
vg = 1.6940 m^3 / kg
u ƒ = 417.3 kJ/kg; ug = 2506 kJ/kg

7. A vessel with a volume of cubic meter contains liquid water and water vapor ion equilibrium at 600 kPa. The
liquid water has mass of 1kg. using the steam table, calculate the mass of the water vapor.
at 600 kPa
vƒ = 0.001101 m^3 / kg; vg = 0.3157 m^3 / kg

8. Calculate the entropy of steam at 60 psia with a quality of 0.8.

from the steam table at 60 psia:
sƒ = 0.4274 BTU/lbm-˚R
sƒg = 1.2172 BTU/lbm-˚R)

9. Find the change in internal energy of 5 lbm of oxygen gas when the temperature changes from 100 ˚F to 120 ˚F.
cv= 0.157 BTU/lbm-˚R

10. Water (specific heat cv= 4.2 kJ/ kg K) is being heated by a 1500 W heater. What is the rate of change im
temperature of 1kg of the water?

11. A system weighing 2 kN. Determine the force that accelerate if to 12 m/s^2. a. vertically upward
when g= 9.7 m/s^2

12. A system weighing 2 kN. Determne the force that accelerates if to 12 m/s^2.horizontally along a frictionless
plane.
13. A problem Drum (3 ft diameter; 6 ft height) is field with a fluid whose density is 50 lb/ft^3 Determine the total
volume of the fluid

14. What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 15 psia and 200 ˚F is heated at constant volume to 800
˚F.?

15. What horsepower is required to isothermally compress 800 ft^3 of Air per minute from 14.7 psia to 120 psia?
16. What is the equation for the work done by a constant temperature system?
17. Twenty grams of oxygen gas are compressed at a constant temperature of 30 ˚C to 5% of their original volume.
What work is done on the system.
18. Helium (R= 0.4698 BTU/lbm-˚R) is compressed isothermally from 14.7 psia and 68 ˚F. The compression ratio
is 1:4. Calculate the work done by the gas.
19. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a weighted piston as the stop boundary. The gas is heated and expands from a
volume of 0.04 m^3 to 0.10 m^3 at a constant pressure of 200kPa.Calculate the work done by the system
20. What is the weight of a 66-kgm man at standard condition?
21. What is the specific weight of ater at standard condition?
22. 746 °R = ______ °F
23. A 30-m vertical column of fluid (density 1878 kg/m3) is located where g= 9.65 mps2. Find the pressure at t6he
base of the column.
24. Ten cu ft of air at 300 psia 400°F is cooled to 140°F at constant volume. What is the final pressure?
25. 876 °R = _____ °F
26. There are 1.36 kg of gas, for which R = 377 J/kg.k and k=1.25, that undergo a nonflow constant volume process
from P1 = 551.6 kPa and t1 = 60°C to P2 = 1655 kPa. During the process the gas is internally stirred and there
are also added 105.5 kJ of heat. Determine t2.
27. 5 atm = ____ mmHg
28. A certain gas, with cp = 0.529 Btu/lb.°R and R = 96.2 ft.lb/lb.°R, expand s from 5 cu ft and 80 °F to 15 cu ft
while the pressure remains co nstant at 15.5 psia. Compute for T2.
29. In the above problem, compute for the mass.
30. 710°R= ______ °C
31. 212 °F = _____ °C
32. Let a closed system execute a state change for which the heat is Q = 100 J and work is W= -25 J. Find ∆E.
33. A pressure gage registers 50 psig in a region where the barometer is 14.25 psia. Find absolute pressure in psia,
Pa.
34. A mass of 5 kg is 100 m above a given datum where local g = 9.75 m/s2. Find the gravitational force in
newtons.
35. In the above problem, find the potential energy of the mass with respect to datum.
36. The combined mass of car and passengers travelling at 72 km/hr is 1500 kg. Find the kinetic energy of this
combined mass.
37. 14.696 psia = _____ mmHg
38. 212 °C = _____ K
39. 212 °F = _____ R
40. An automobile tire has a gauge pressure of 200kpa at 0°C assuming no air leaks and no change of volume of the
tire, what is the gauge pressure at 35ºC.
41. An ideal gas at 45psig and 80ºF is heated in the close container to 130ºF. What is the final pressure?
42. A wall of the firebrick has an inside temperature of 313ºF and an outside temperature of 73ºF. What is the
difference in the surface temperature in Rankin?
43. What is the force required to accelerate a mass of 30kg at a rate of 15m/s²?
44. How much does an object having the mass of 100kg weight in newton.
45. The volume of the gas held at constant pressure increases 4cm² at 0°C to 5cm². What is the final pressure?
46. A certain gas with cp = 0.529Btu/lb°R and R = 9 6.2ft/lbºR expands from 5ft and 80ºF to 15ft while the
pressure remains constant at 15.5 psia.
47. A vacuum is connected to a tank reads 3kpa at a location w/ the barametric pressure reading is 75mmhg.
Determined the Pabsolute in the tank
48. A 600kg hammer of a pile driver is lilted 2m the pilling head. What is the change of potential energy? If the
hammer is realest. What will be its velocity and the instant if it sticks the pilling?
49. A bayabas falls from a branch 5m above the ground with what speed in meter per second does it strike the
ground assume g = 10m/s².
50. While swimming a depth of 13m in a fresh water lake a fish emits an air bubble of volume 2mm² atmospheric
pressure is 100kpa what is the original pressure of the bubble.
51. Oxygen at 15ºC and 10.3Mpa gauge pressure occupies 600L. What is the occupied by the oxygen at 8.28Mpa
gauge pressure and 35ºC?
52. Water is flowing through a 1-foot diameter pipe at the rate of 10ft/sec. What is the volume flow rate of water in
ft³/sec?
53. A certain fluid is flowing an a 0.5mx0.3 channel at the rate of 3m/s and has a specific volume of 0.012m³/kg.
Determined the mass of water flowing in kg/s.
54. A gas having a volume of 100ft³ at 27ºC is expanded to 120ft³ by heated at constant pressure to what
temperature has it been heated to have this new volume?
55. Water flow to a terminal 3mm diameter and has an average speed of 2m/s.What is the rate of flow in cubic
meter/mm?
56. Water flowing at a 6m/s through a 60mm pipe is suddenly channeled into a 30mm pipe. What is the velocity in
the small pipe?
57. A vertical column of water will be supported to what height by standard atmospheric pressure.
58. A fluid flows in a steady manner between two sections in a flow line at section 1: A1 = 1ft², V1 = 100fpm,
volume1 of 4ft³/lb at sec2: A2 = 2ft², p = 0.20lb/ft³ calculate the velocity at section 2.
59. The weight of an object is 50lb. What is its mass at standard condition?
60. A vertical column of water will be supported to what height by standard atmospheric pressure. If the YW =
62.4lb/ft3 po = 14.7 psi
61. For a certain gas R= 320J/kg.K and cv= 0.84kJ/kg.Kc . Find k?
62. Ten cu.ft of air at 300 psia and 400°F is coole d to 140°F at constant volume. What is the transferred heat?
63. Utilizing the answer to the previous problem, estimate the overall or average increase in temperature (T) of the
concrete roof from the energy absorbed from the sun during a 12-hour day. Assume that all of the radiation
absorbed goes into heating
64. The concrete roof of a house is 10 m by 8 m and 10 cm thick (4"). Estimate the total heat the roof would absorb
over the 12 days?
65. The value for the U of a system is -120 J. If the system is known to have absorbed 420 J of heat, how
much work was done?
66. When the pressure on a 1 kg liquid is increased isothermally from 1 bar to 3000 bar the Gibbs free energy
increases by 360 kJ. Estimate the density of the liquid.
67. A car whose mass is 2 metric tons is accelerated uniformly from stand hill to 100kmph in 5 sec. Find the driving
force in Newton’s.
68. An ideal gas of volume 1 liter and pressure 10 bar undergoes a quasistatic adiabatic expansion until the pressure
drops to 1 bar. Assume γ to be 1.4 what is the final volume?
69. Two masses, one of the 10kg and the other unknown, are placed on a scale in a region where g = 9.67 m/sec2.
The combined weight of these two masses is 174.06 N. Find the unknown mass in kg.
70. The flow energy of 5ft3 of a fluid passing a boundary to a system is 80,000 ft-lb. Determine the pressure at this
point.
71. Find и for steam at 100psia and 600°F.If h = 1329.6 and v = 6.216
72. What mass of nitrogen is contained in a 10ft3 vessel at a pressure of 840 atm and 820°R? Make a computation
by using ideal gas equati on.
73. A rotary compressor receives 6m3 / min of a gas (R=410J / kgK, cp= 1.03kJ / kgK, k= 1.67) at 105 k/Paa, 27°C
and delivers it at 630 kPaa: P = 0, K= 0. Find the work if the process is isentropic?
74. A carnot power cycle operates on 2 lb of air between the limits of 71°F and 500°F. The pressure at the
beginning of isothermal expansion is 400 psia and at the end of isothermal expansion is 185psig. Determine the
volume at the end of isothermal compression.
75. During a polytropic process, 10 lb of an ideal gas, whose R= 40ft.lb/lb.R and cp = 25Btu/lb.R, changes state fro
20psia and 40°F to 120 psia and 340°F. Determine n?
76. A perfect gas has a value of R= 319.2 J/ kf.K and k= 1.26. If 120 kJ are added to 27 kg of this gas at constant
pressure when the initial temp is 32.2°C? Find T 2.
77. A certain gas, with cp= 0.529Btu/ lb. °R and R = 96.2ft.lb/lb. °R, expand s from 5 cu ft and 80°F to 15 cu ft
while the pressure remains con stant at 15.5psia. Compute for T2.
78. A System has a temperature of 250°F. Convert this Value to °R?
79. Steam with a specific volume of 0.09596 m³/kg undergoes a constant pressure process at 1.70 MPa until the
specific volume becomes 0.13796 m³/kg. What are (a) the final temperature, (b) ∆u, (c) W, (d) ∆s, and (e) Q?
80. Steam with an enthalpy of 2843.5 kJ/kg undergoes a constant pressure process at 0.9 MPa until the enthalpy
becomes 2056.1 kJ/kg. What are (a) the initial temperature or quality, (b) ∆u, (c) W, (d) ∆s, and (e) Q?
81. At throttling calorimeter receives steam from a boiler drum at 0.11 MPa and is superheated by 10 degrees. If the
boiler drum pressure is 1.55 MPa, what is the quality of the steam generated by the boiler?
82. steam calorimeter receives steam from a pipe at 0.1 MPa and 20°SH. For a pipe steam pressure of 2 MPa, what
is the quality of the steam?
83. A 1-kg steam-water mixture at 1.0 MPa is contained in an inflexible tank. Heat is added until the pressure rises
to 3.5 MPa and the temperature to 400°. Determine the heat added.
84. Water vapor at 100 KPa and 150°C is compressed isothermally until half the vapor has condensed. How much
work must be performed on the steam in this compression process per kilogram?
85. Wet steam at 1 MPa flowing through a pipe is throttled to a pressure of 0.1 MPa. If the throttling temperature is
110°C, what is the qu ality of the steam in the pipe?
86. Steam is throttled to 0.1 MPa with 20 degrees of superheat. (a) What is the quality of throttled steam if its
pressure is 0.75 MPa (b) What is the enthalpy of the process?
87. The pressure gauge on a 2000 m³ tank of oxygen gas reads 600kPa. How much volumes will the oxygen
occupied at pressure of the outside air 100kPa?
88. Assuming compression is according to the Law PV = C, Calculate the initial volume of the gas at a pressure of
2 bars w/c will occupy a volume of 6m³ when it is compressed to a pressure of 42 Bars.
89. A Gas tank registers 1000kPa. After some gas has been used, the gauge registers 500kPa. What percent of the
gas remains in the tank?
90. The volume of a gas under standard atmospheric pressure & 76cmHg is 200m³. What is the volume when
pressure is 80cmHg if the temperature is unchanged?
91. While swimming at depth of 120m in a fresh water lake, A fish emits an air bubble of volume 2.0mm³
atmospheric pressure is 100kPa. What is the pressure of the bubble?
92. How many joules of work is the equivalent of 15000 cal of heat?
93. Two thick slices of bread, when completely oxidized by the body, can supply 200,000 cal of heat. How much
work is this equivalent to?
94. 3 horsepower (hp) = _____________watts?
95. How many Newton’s (N) in 900,000 dynes?
96. Calculate the power output in horsepower of an 80-kg man that climbs a flight of stairs 3.8 m high in 4.0 s.
97. How many calories of heat will be needed to raise the temperature of 200 g of iron from 27°C to 80°C? (c =
0.11 cal/g. °C)
98. 100g of iron was heated to 100°C and mixed with 22g of water at 40°C. The final temperature of the mixture
was 60°C. Show that the heat given off by the iron equals the heat absorbed by the water.