| Collins PRIMARY GEOGRAPHY Movement Pupil Book 4 Stephen Scoffham | Colin BridgeLesson 1: The seashore The United Kingdom has one of the most varied coastlines in the world. If you went on an aeroplane ride around the coast you would see sandy"bedcthes; mudflats, shingle banksprocky.shores and cliffs... Y Asandy beach in St Ives, Cornwall. mudflats shingle Discussion What are the main types of UK coastline? coastlines are straight while others jut out into the sea?Coasts * The coastline of the UK is 12,429 km long. * No one in the UK lives more than 120 km from the sea. 4 Mudflats in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex. > A shingle bank in the Highlands, Scotland. ¥ Steep chalk cliffs at The Needles, Isle of Wight. imaginary island. Show three or more different coastlines and invent names for them. @ Write a short description of one of the seashore photographs. Ask someone else to read the description and guess the photograph you have chosen.Key words bay boulder cave clitt headland rock stack sand dune Lesson 2: Shaping the coast How does the sea shape the coast? As waves wash up against the coast they change its shape. In some places the sea wears away the land and makes cliffs and headlands. In other places it builds up beaches in sheltered bays. Data Bank * The highest cliffs in the UK are on the island of St Kilda (427 metres). * A third of the English coastline is protected for wildlife. wv . sand dunes created by wind. ose 2. sandy beach. 8. sheltered bay between headlands. 4. boulders worn smooth by waves.Mapwork AZ Using an atlas make a list of headlands around the UK. Investigation @ Make drawings with short notes of three seashore features in your geography notebook. Discussion (J what shapes the coast? Oo What different coastal features can you see in the drawing? iT ] How do you think the coastline in the picture might change next? i 5. headland with cliffs juts out into sea, caves at the bottom of the cliff. Sean 7. cliff fall. . rock stack. 6. oLesson 3: Exploring the coast How do people look after the coast? Sidmouth is a popular seaside a . town on the Jurassic coast in Discussion southern England. People go there [IJ Why do people go to Sidmouth beach? because of the beautiful coastline [J Name five seashore zones or habitats. and the sheltered, sunny beach. (J What creates different seashore The map shows how the beach habitats? and the cliffs are looked after so visitors can enjoy them. Pome beach cave habitat tide landslide Lodder to Wester | Beach ee AEN Chit Rooks } Mapwork Make up a key for the map of Sidmouth saying what the colours stand for. A The beach at Sidmouth, Devon.What can you find on the seashore’ 7 Lots of different plants and animals live on the seashore. fe s The tide and the slope of the beach make different zones or habitats where they live. The tide comes up the beach and goes out again twice a day. High tide Low tide, CLIFF FACE ‘Stoop rock fc winhorow ——‘ Lorge boulders and ledges ond { stones from landslides. | Rock pools, shingle LOWER BEACH | caves. { ‘and pebbles. Birds, lowers, Wood and rubbish, Worms, shells. bushes. dead seaweed, Jellyfish, starfish. Investigation Using the internet find out about the Jurassic coast.LCA fel ge (9 Lesson 1: Describing rivers What are the features of a river? Rivers begin as tiny streams in hills ieee bee ahi and mountains. As the streams flow the stream begins towards the sea, they join together to make a river. Some rivers are quite channel meander estuary — mouth gorge pool Other sireams called = 4 ‘ributaries join the: i ] - ~ in stream, a The ver culso deeper channel Where do rivers begin? Why is a river wider at its mouth than at its source? @ Make up a poem or write a sentence about a river with the words meandering [J In the picture, how might the people across the page. in the town use the river?a | Sammy the Salmon | Sammy the Salmon was born in a pool high up in the hills near where the river begins. Over the weeks he slowly grew bigger and stronger. One day he swam | into the tiny stream which flowed out of, the pool. He did not know why, but he felt he needed to reach the sea Soon Sammy felt the stream getting deeper as water drained into it from the land. The stream was turning into a river. It began to flow faster. Sammy was bounced over rocks by the rushing water and he found it difficult to breathe in the tossing foam. When the river reached flatter land it ~ started to meander through countryside. Sammy swam on. Sometimes he swam with the strong current, sometimes he rested in the shallow water by reedy banks. Gorge or narrow valley Unit 2 ° Rivers Sammy felt the river was changing. The river seemed to be deeper at some times of the day than others. The water even tasted different. It was salty now. With growing excitement Sammy swam faster, He had reached the estuary with its banks of mud and small islands. Waves began to break on the surface of the water. Sammy's river journey was over. He had Teached the sea in your area. Draw a diagram map to show its key features. jeonder or ‘wide bend)Unit 2° Rivers Lesson 2: Rivers matter How do people use river: The River Nile is the longest river in the world. It rises in the mountains. of Africa and flows north for nearly 7000 kilometres. The Nile starts as two rivers. The Blue Nile rises in the mountains of East Africa. The White Nile comes from Lake Victoria. The two rivers join together before flowing across the Sahara Desert to the sea. Discussion | [LJ Where does the Nile begin? [J How many things can you learn about the Nile from the map? (1 In what woys is the Nile important? Mapwork Ad Using an atlas name the dam delta flood irrigation pyramids continent for each river in the bar chart, World’s longest rivers ‘Murray Darling 3672 km Mississippi-Missouri 5969 km i 010002000 3000 4000 5000 6000 700 10 kilometres eUROPE © wont ASIA AMERICA i arnica > sourH AMERICA s oceania”, Mediterranean Sea a ae Sahara Desert Key (A) Mountains @ MarshesThe River Nile brings water to the desert. For thousands of years, farmers in Egypt and the Sudan have used river water on their crops. This is called irrigation. Many tourists visit the Nile valley. Some travel to the old temples and pyramids by boat. Higher up the river huge dams help to control floods. Mediterranean Sea pyramids and temples Aswan High Dam Sudd Marshes Ethiopian Highlands Kabalega Falls t Lake Victoria Investigation Make a picture map for tourists showing the places they would see on a journey up the River Nile. Unit 2 ° Rivers Data Bank * A lot of water in the Nile never reaches the sea because it sinks into the ground or evaporates into the air. * When it reaches the sea the Nile divides into lots of small rivers to make a triangle of marshy land called a delta. A Water from the River Nile is pumped to the farmer's crops. A Boats stop at Luxor so people can visit the ancient temples. ‘A The Aswan High Dam uses water from the river to make electricity.Unit 2 ° Rivers Lesson 3: Managing rivers How do people care for ers’ Valerie Hay and her team work for the Environment Agency in northeast England. They help to keep the River Tees clean and healthy. These are some of the jobs that the team does. Investigation @ write a short report about the work done by Valerie and her team. Say why each task needs to be done. ~ | bins ‘A Taking soil and ground water samples. ‘A Talking to farmers to make sure farm waste does not seep into rivers. "A Carrying out research on pollution. Discussion bank What do Valerie Hay and her team do? pumping station What things can stop a river being clean and healthy? weir tug In what ways are rivers useful?Rivers Awalk along the River Thames | Children from a school in Kingston _to see how people use the water. upon Thames, Surrey, went on a These are some of the things the walk along the River Thames. They _ children saw. If your school is near a wanted to find out about the special _river you could make a similar study. features along the river bank and 5 ‘AA pumping station takes & Tugs pull barges with ‘A Some people have a water out of the river. heavy cargoes. holiday on a river boat. A Bridges help people to | A Weirs control the flow of | & Banks help to stop the cross the river. water along the river. river flooding the land. Summary In this unit you have learnt: * about the features of a river * how people use rivers * how to study a river. Mapwork Using an atlas to help you, write a few sentences about the River Thames.Lesson 1: Extreme weather How does the weather affect us? The weather has a big effect on our lives. It affects the way we dress, the houses we live in and the things we do. | People are used to dealing with the weather. However, extreme weather sometimes causes serious problems. ty ‘ Blizzards in Scotland "Two walkers were found safe yesterday after heavy snow and strong winds swept across the Highlands. Emergency in the Philippines _| Nearly two million people are believed to be } homeless and thousands have been killed by typhoon Hainan. Discussion [J How does the weather affect us? (J What are the main problems shown in the photographs? (LJ How are people in the UK affected by extreme weather? Key words blizzard hurricane bushfire — monsoon drought typhoon floodWeather patterns aa Drought in Africa ‘Many countries on the edge of the # In 2005, Hurricane Katrina Sahata Desert continue to be affected destroyed the city of New by years of drought. Orleans (USA). % * Heavy monsoon rains in 2010 affected 20 million people in Pakistan. * In 2014, gales and heavy rain caused flooding and damage across southern England. Floods hit Germany yesterday ‘The River Danube has risen to its highest level for 500 years at Passau in Germany. sushfires in Australia ‘Months without rain and strong winds are making it impossible for firefighters to stop bushfires spreading in southeast Australia, @ How might snow, floods, gales or drought affect (a) a tree (b) a house? Draw some ‘before’ and ‘after’ pictures.Unit 3 ° Weather patterns Key words o fe Lesson 2: Weather forecasts os temperature Who uses the weather forecast’ Most of us are interested in what the weather is going to be like. Some forecasts give information for the next few hours. Other forecasts give a more general idea of what ¢ ies could happen over the next week. : & Cloud People can choose the type of fe @ forecast they need. | Discussion Why is it useful fo have weather forecasts? Why do we need so many ways of gathering information? do in the future be affected by the weather? “I wonder if the weather ""Ineed to know how will be good enough to get the top field harvested this strong the wind will be this “If it's sunny tomorrow can week?” we go for a picnic?” afternoon.” U 16Unit 3 * Weather patterns How are weather forecasts made? Weebl recon ners ew aftene tee hoy Sa bor messoges by radio. o Aircraft Aircratt carry instruments Satellites that give information on the thet oe Inferno Weather satelites icke inds along thei flight p photographs of the clouds ‘covering the Earth. Land stations Ships Each day people Ships record what measure the temperature, the weather is lke al sea. the direction of the wind ‘and the amount of rain which has fallen. 3 Weather centre All tho weathor information is collected togethor by the ‘Met Office ond fed into powerful computers. Mapwork Print off the latest satellite weather map for the UK from the Met Office website. Write a few sentences saying what it tells you. Data Bank * The Met Office supercomputer is as powerful as 20,000 normal personal computers. * The world’s highest weather station is on Mount Everest at 8000 metres. * Some weather satellites are stationed at 35,000 km above the ground. Investigation @ Make up a weather forecast for the farmer, crane driver or family. How will it affect what they do next?Unit 3 Weather patterns Pome Lesson 3: Recording the weather —_Pivve Seale rain gauge symbol How can we record the weathe! thermometer weather vane At St Anne’s School the children decided to keep a record of the weather. They made their own weather recording instruments. They then kept records every day for two weeks. Discussion What are the three main parts of a weather record? Which of the three picture scales below would work best without words to go with it? ‘A The children made a rain gauge, . weather vane and other equipment to record the weather. Wind There are clues which tell you about the strength of the wind. force Oued forceS a | force 6 strong| force 8 gale | Temperature A thermometer measures the temperature in degrees. chilly | 10°C mild | 15°C warm | 20°C @y ho!) 15°C 20°C ‘ond over Cloud Different symbols are used to show sun, cloud, rain and snow. ct oe Sa ne ae a Tr “ eas ¢€ Y Sw? 2 : aoe —— 2 18Some of the children put the information they had collected on to a computer. They used a data handling package to store the results. When they had finished they wrote a report about the weather in their area. Weekly weather diary I I * eee A The children recorded their results on a computer Tranter ing ) Unit 3 © Weather patterns Mapwork Select a large city in any part of the world which begins with the same letter as your name. Using data from newspapers or the internet, draw graphs and write a short report about the weather conditions in that place over a week or fortnight. Display the results around an outline world map as a class display. Data Bank * There are weather records for the UK which date back to 55 BC. * On average it rains one day in three in England. * The Isles of Scilly are the warmest place in the UK (average 12°C) and Braemar in Scotland is the coldest (average 7°C). Investigation Record the weather at your school for two weeks. Show the results ona chart and write a short report. Did the weather affect the things you could do? Summary In this unit you have learnt: * why we need weather forecasts * how weather forecasts are made * how you can record the weather.Lesson 1: Understanding towns What are the features of a town’ Towns are places where lots of people live together in one place. Towns are bigger than villages but not as large as cities. East Kilbride in Scotland was founded in 1947. People who lived in old houses in Glasgow and other cities moved there to make a new life. When people plan a town they have. to decide what to put in it. | Investigation Working from the photograph and the map on page 2! list all the places which are to do with (a) transport (b) health and education. Discussion What makes East Kilbride a town not a village? What are the three most important parts of a town? What new things would you want to add to East Kilbride? These are some of the things which are needed: * homes for families and single people * places to work and shop * schools and colleges * doctors, dentists, hospitals * places for sport and entertainment * ways of moving around. Mapwork Zd Using the map, name each of the places shown in the photograph. Then write down the grid square code. Data Bank + East Kilbride is one of 22 ‘new towns’ built in the UK after the Second World War. + New towns were built to give people from cities like London a better life. * Around two million people now live in new towns.Unit 4 e Towns oe FE bst _/ Kilbride council office grid square education health transport 4 Map of East Kilbride. ~Unit 4 ° Towns castle factory market patter port resort Lesson 2: The origin of towns How did towns begi Many towns started off as villages. The villages then grew larger as more and more people decided to live there. Different patterns of streets and buildings developed over hundreds of years to meet people’s needs. Towns are always changing. They spread into the countryside when new factories and houses are built around the edge. Today more people are living in towns than ever before. Data Bank ° The first towns in the UK were founded by the Romans. * There are government offices in a town or city for every county or district in the UK. * Reading is the largest town in the UK with a population of more than 200,000 people. Discussion How did many towns begin? What are the five different types of town shown in the photographs? Which type of town would you most like to visit and why? mine Market towns | & Many towns began as places where | people came to sell their crops and “animals. Wareham in Dorset still has a | market every Saturday. f Crossing points ‘A Some towns grew up around bridges or places where routes came together. Chepstow in Wales has acastle that controlled the route between England ‘and Wales.| Factory towns A Factory towns were created for people who worked in factories or mines. Thousands of people once worked in this woollen mill at Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire. Unit 4° Towns | Seaside resorts } ‘A Resorts were built for people who _ wanted to go to the seaside. Brighton | In Sussex became popular for holidays | because it was the easiest place to | reach by road and rail from London. where ships can load and unload their cargoes safely. Southampton is a port in Hampshire. } Mapwork Using a road atlas or internet map, look at a street plan of your nearest town. Write down any clues which tell you what type of town it is. ‘A Towns are often built around harbours — Scale 0 100 200 km rr | Investigation Make a list of any towns in your area which have (a) a castle (b) a harbour or (c) a bridge over an important river.Lesson 3: Town life How does a town wort In the past, people who lived in the country grew their own food, fetched 4 Children working in the street. water from a well and gathered wood from the forest. They were able to look after their own needs. Then more and more people started moving to the towns to find work. Water, food and other services had to be provided for them. Discussion How did people look after their own needs in the past? What services keep a modern town working? What would happen if one of the services stopped working? Think about each one in turn. LCA ol gel-) power services transport waste disposal Things which keep a modern town working § Transport Sending messagesUnit 4 ° Towns The children at Valley School went These are some of the things they for a walk near their school. They found. Think about how each one looked for clues of different services. helps people in their daily lives. mee yer A Litter bin A Grate 4 Bench @ Make a similar survey in streets near your school. Take photographs of the different things you discover. Say how each one helps to keep the town working. ‘A Road barriers 3 lary Tn this unit you have learnt: * about the buildings and places Where would be the best place inatown for a new litter bin in your area? * how towns change over fr * how towns provide the things people need. Show your ideas on a local street map and say why you have chosen that place.Lesson 1: Farms and food Key words Where does our food come from? Weather _Is there the right mix of rain and sun? Farmers in the UK produce a great variety of food. Some parts of the country are good for growing crops, fruit and vegetables. Other parts are better for keeping cows and sheep. When farmers decide how to use their land they have to think about four main things. Sheep farms In the hilly areas of Wales and Scotland many farmers keep sheep. f Dairy farms In western and central England and Ireland, grass grows well and farmers keep cows. Landscape Is the land too hilly Soil Market to grow crops? Is the soil right for the plants? Will people pay a good price for the ¢ produce? Crop farms In eastern England there is more sunshine and less rain so farmers grow wheat and other crops. Key (9 Cows & Sheep (A CropsWhere does our food come from The food in our shops comes from farms all over the world. PARSNIPS: icin Discussion Data Bank J] What are the three main types * Three-quarters of the land in the of farm? UK is used for farming. Which of these farms is in the * A cow produces about 25 litres countryside in your area? of milk a day. Do you think that being a farmer * There are around 22 million is hard work? sheep in the UK and over 50 breeds. Mapwork Ad Using an atlas work out how far the grapes, potatoes, pineapples and grapefruit sold in the shop might have travelled to reach the UK. Use the distance between capital cities as a guide. Investigation @ Looking at the shop picture, make a list of food that has come from (a) Britain (b) other countries._ Unit 5 e Food and shops Lesson 2: From farm to supermarket How does food get fo a supermarket? Jane Ford works for a company which imports fruit. Her company buys fruit from abroad and sells it to supermarkets. Each day three large lorries arrive from the docks on the River Thames. The fruit is unloaded as it arrives. Jane has been doing her job for many years. “In the past you could only get fruit and vegetables when they were in season,” she explains. “Now you can buy them all the time. When the harvest stops in one country it starts in another.” Discussion What does Jane's company do? How many stages are there in bringing a banana to a UK supermarket? How many countries supply grapes to Jane’s company? How many continents do they come from? LAs) import Fairtrade plantation season Caribbean Data Bank * Nearly a million tonnes of bananas are sold in the UK each year. * One in four of the bananas sold are Fairtrade. Importing bananas Growing These are the stages na in importing bananas from the Caribbean. Most of the bananas sold in the UK come from this region. The bananas are grown on a plantation. Packing They are put into boxes ina pack house. : 28Unit 5 ° Food and shops _ A Jane's company buys grapes from A Checking grapes at the fruit many different countries. importers. Any bad ones have to be Fe taken out. Mapwork Ad Using an atlas work out the route a lorry with oranges might take from Turkey to the UK. What countries and cities would it pass through? Investigation @ Make a zigzag book of the different stages of getting bananas from the Caribbean to the UK. Transporting Distributing Selling The bananas are brought They are taken by lorry The bananas are sold to to the UK by ship. toa fruit importers. supermarkets. 29{ i Unit 5 ¢ Food and shops Lesson 3: Local shops Investigating local shops At Benwell in Newcastle the children made wv a survey of shops in their local High Street. i f ff; They wrote the name of each shop and the main things that it sold. They also sorted the shops into groups using a list from their teacher. Some of the shops sold a lot of different things so the children had to decide what was the most important. wlll Investigation @ Make a similar survey of shops near your school. ‘A Children doing the survey. Data Bank * Around one-eighth of the goods sold in the UK are bought online. * UK High Streets are changing as some shops close and others change hands. antiques High Street A estate agent household ¢ The first supermarket in the UK opened florist 9 ee in London in 1951. goods Ome ousehold | Furniture Refreshments | Money/offices 3 I el ‘ntiques bank carpets estate agents furniture post office florist travel agents newsagents toysWhen they returned to school the children were given large scale maps of the High Street. They coloured the key and the shop outlines using a different colour for each type. They also added up the totals to find which type of shop was most common and made a bar chart to show their results. Shep Suey | Ford 8 1 ; $e e as Ff Sa v3. _ i Ln 5 0 3 i wl oO! Why are High Streets changing? J] Which type of shop do you visit most? Which shops do you think are most important? Unit 5 ° Food and shops ; Hindu Shops in ite Benwell [Others WEST ROAD metres Summary Tn this unit you have learnt: + why there are different types of farm . that supermarkets sell food from all over the world * how to study local shops.Unit 6 Caring for towns i VA ele) Lesson 1: Old and new buildings block of flats listed buildings What happens to old buildings? railway station windmill Most of us think that the house where we live and 7 7 streets where we grow up Discussion are special in some way. [J Why do you think the block of flats is being However buildings wear pulled down? Ul; Most oldibulldings'ate 1 9) which are the oldest buildings in your area? knocked down and replaced B Why do you think the buildings in the by new ones. A few are LJ saved because they are photographs on page 33 were saved? interesting or important for their history. Data Bank * Buildings which are very old or special in some way are protected by law. They are called listed buildings. ¢ There are around 370,000 listed buildings in England.z Unit 6 * Caring for towns > Manchester Central Convention Complex was once @ railway station e ! nr | Py ne if ‘i i 1 re f men whe tt Ni i < These buildings in Chester have been used as shops for hundreds of years. Mapwork Draw plans to show how you could turn a windmill with three floors into a house. Investigation @ Find out about the buildings in your area which have been listed. Arrange to visit them so you can see why they are so special. 4 Some windmills, like this one in Norfolk, have been turned into houses. 33Unit 6 ¢ Caring for towns . i bollard pedestrianisation Lesson 2: Making chicane town planner improvements council offices traffic calming pork and ride How can places bi proved Duncan Brown works as a town goes back to the council offices he planner in Glasgow. He helps to makes drawings and writes reports improve the streets and other places about the changes which could be in the city. Duncan spends some of — made. He also works out how much his time out of doors making surveys _ they would cost. The council then and taking photographs. When he asks local people what they think of Duncan’s ideas. This gives everyone Cochrane Street a chance to improve the place where E they live. saa > Duncan Brown. | John aul —=— Street VA photo of John | Street looking if L towards the tower 1 ir on Cochrane Street. tower i — —t— path | > benches Ingram Street A Plans for improving Cochrane Street, Glasgow. Discussion (J What does Duncan Brown do? (J How do you think the changes made Cochrane Street pleasanter? [J What other improvements could have been made? 34Unit 6 © Caring for towns \ Improvement schemes a ea : New play area | Climbing frame Traffic calming New trees. VA Investigation How does each improvement make the environment better? Write a short report to go with the drawings. f Attractive Mapwork /» Find an area near your school which might be improved. Make plans and write notes about your ideas. Bollards to Keep. « traffic out[me Unit 6 * Caring for towns Lesson 3: Comparing places Which place is best? All over the country there are competitions for the best kept towns and villages. When the judges visit each place they have a list of questions. They give marks to various features to decide which town will win the award. Town A { Buildings Are the buildings in good repair? * walls * roofs * gutters * paintwork * windows Pollution Is the place clean or dirty? * litter _* dog’s mess © graffiti * oil stains * fumes POV advertisement award graffiti gutter satellite dish street furniture_ Street furniture Are there enough things to help people? _* seats * lights * signs * telephone boxes _* post boxes Appearance Is the place pleasant or unpleasant? * overhead wires * advertisements * plants and trees: * satellite dishes . noise Discussion What are four ways of judging a building or street? Do you think Town A or Town B would win the best kept town award? If your school was in a competition what would be its best features? Mapwork Z.\ Take photographs showing things which could be changed or improved in your area. Present your work as a class display around a large scale map of your local streets. Unit 6 » Caring for towns | Investigation @ Make a survey of your school. Write a short report about the things you like and the things which could be improved. Summary Tn this unit you have learnt: * how old buildings can be given new uses * how people look after towns and villages * how to compare different environments.unit 7 Northern Ireland Lesson 1: Introducing Northern Ireland Atlantic : What is Northern Ireland like? Q my Oran eee Northern Ireland is the smallest country in the United Kingdom. It lies to the west of Scotland across the Irish Sea. Key words Belfast Lough Neagh River Bann Slieve Donard Sperrin Mountains Irish Sea Key @ Over 500 metro © 200-500 metres (©) 0-200 metres Scale 0 20 40 60 eee 4 The Giant's Causeway is made of thousands of hexagonal rocks and is a World Heritage Site. weather, settlement and work in Northern Ireland? ‘4 When it was launched in Belfast in 1912, the Titanic was the largest ship in the world.Rivers and landscape | |The River Bann is the longest river. Gently rolling countryside covers most of Northern | Ireland. In some places there are rugged hills and mountains. | Weather West winds from the Atlantic Ocean bring lot of rain. In summer it is cool but there is not much snow in winter. | Settlement | Beffast, the capital, isthe only large city in Norther Ireland. Londonderry (Derry), | Bangor and Newry are smaller fowns around the coast. LY Belfast City Hall Investigation Find some photographs of Northern Ireland. Decide on two you would use as a screen saver. Say why. Mapwork 4 Make a map of ferry routes from Northern Ireland to the rest of the UK using an atlas or the internet. Unit 7 * Northern Ireland Data Bank * Ireland is sometimes called the Emerald Isle because of its green landscape. * Lough Neagh is the largest lake in the United Kingdom. * Northern Ireland has roughly equal numbers of Catholics and Protestants who form different communities. “Work Ships have been made in Belfast for many years. There is also work in factories making aircraft, food and clothes. In the country, farmers produce meat, eggs and butter. Transport ) Road and rail routes spread out from Beffast. Motorways connect Belfast to Ballymena and Dungannon. Y Planes and high-speed ferries link Northern Ireland with other parts of the UK. a 39Unit 7 ° Northern Ireland Lesson 2: Living in Northern Ireland What is it like to live in Northern Ireland? Mr O'Neill Mrs O'Neill Cathy O'Neill Michael O'Neill Cathy and Michael O'Neill live 350 children in the school. Most of at Ballyknock Farm in County them live in the countryside. Londonderry. Their parents spend after school Cathy and Michael help most of the time running the farm. their parents on the farm. Sometimes Mrs O'Neill also has a part time job iN they collect the cows for milking. In eee the summer they help to harvest the Cathy and Michael go to school in grass in the fields. They often have Maghera. A bus comes to collect to wear anoraks because it rains a lot them at 8.00 am. There are about in Northern Ireland. A The barns on the farm are used for storing hay. A The local primary school A The bus stops near to the farm on the way home. 40Unit 7 ° Northern Ireland Ballynock Farm is close to the main road from Belfast to Londonderry (Derry). From the farm you see the road winding across the Sperrin Mountains. Ballynahone Bog, a nature reserve, is a few kilometres away. Cathy and Michael have lived at Ballyknock Farm all their lives. Mr and Mrs O'Neill like the peace of the countryside but sometimes Cathy and Michael wish more of their friends lived nearby. Discussion [J What jobs do Mr and Mrs O'Neill do? [J How do Cathy and Michael help on the farm? [LJ How is your life the same and different to Cathy and Michael's? 4 Rare plants and creatures live in the peat bogs. l ~ = ‘A The Beffost-Derry road crosses the Sperrin Mountains using the Glenshane Pass 41Northern Ireland _,. Lesson 3: A journey to Londonderry =| 22" Goelic picture map | What might you see on a journey to Londonderry? feo { On Saturdays the O'Neills sometimes aaa go shopping in Londonderry. The There's a lot of traffic journey takes about 45 minutes. The ( faastoeay drawings show some of the things aa they see on the way. 3 Cs ‘One of those farms {ebelng sot soon wonder who will move in?Unit 7 ¢ Northern Ireland ‘A The River Foyle and Londonderry, or Derry as some people call it. Londonderry is an important town with lots of factories, shops and a large hospital. Ships sail up the River Foyle to unload their goods at the port. Cathy and Michael like coming to Londonderry. Sometimes their father takes them to the cinema. A William Street, Londonderry. Data Bank * Londonderry is the second largest city in Northern Ireland. * Many place names have Gaelic (Irish) roots. ‘Bally’ means farm or village and ‘derry’ means oak tree * About a sixth of Ireland is covered by bogs, creating a unique habitat. Mapwork Draw a picture map of the route from Ballyknock Farm to Londonderry. Add pictures or symbols of features along the way. Summary In this unit you have learnt about: + the landscape and weather of J Investigation Northern Ireland Find out more about Irish bogs — how they were formed, what * the work people do makes them special and how they are important in history. * how people live in the countryside.Germany \ Unit 8 Germany Lesson 1: Knowing Germany What is Germany like? Germany lies to the east of the United Kingdom across the North Sea. More people live in Germany than in any other country in Europe. For many years Germany was divided into two parts. It was united in 1990. | Rivers and landscape ss | A The River Rhine goes through a deep The Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Danube and gorge as it flows north from Frankfurt. Oder are the main rivers. Northern _ Germany is mostly flat. There are Settlement hills ond mountains inthe south. Most people live in towns and cities. eas _______ Berlin is the capital city. | Weather Y The Brandenburg Gate, Berlin. In the winter, Germany is usually | iy _ colder than the UK and has more | \ || _ snow. Most places have less wind than the United Kingdom because | they are further from the sea. | Work | Germany used to be famous for coal mining and for making steel. Today it makes machinery, cars, electrical goods and chemicals. There are also many banks and offices. | Make a zigzag book with five things about Germany. | 44Unit 8 e Germany ee Saad Baltic Sea ‘A The German flag. g b Berlin Homburg River Danube River Rhine en Scale ney. 0 100 200 ARN ‘SWITZERLAND ¢/\*” Shared wit Food A type of sausage called wurst is 7 very popular in Germany. | Discussion What are the countries which border Germany? What are the differences between the weather in Germany and the UK? What three questions would you like to ask about Germany? ca Transport | Germany was the first country to build a network of motorways in the 1930s. It also has a new high-speed train system. Mapwork /» Draw your own map of Germany showing two rivers, three cities and one mountain.Unit 8 e Germany Lesson 2: The Ruhr: An industrial region What is the Ruhr like? Dominic is nine years old. He lives The journey from Durham to in Durham in the UK. His mother is Dinslaken takes Dominic and his German. family the whole day. First they Dominic’s relations live in Dinslaken in an area known as the Ruhr. This used to be one of the most important areas in the world for the iron, steel and coal industries. Durham Harwich’ drive to Harwich to take the ferry to the Hook of Holland. From there they take the motorway across the Netherlands to Germany. O © Hook of, Dinslaken, Holland Scale © 100 200 300km ee ase North Sea 4A map of the Ruhr region. .CZECH REPUBLICDinslaken: A town in the Ruhr Just over 70,000 people live in Dinslaken. At the centre of the town there is a busy shopping street. During the summer it is warm enough to sit outside one of the cafes. In the past many people used to work in the coal mine and iron works. Now there are new factories making metal goods using the latest technology. One hi-tech firm makes. railway signals. In the centre of Dinslaken there are large buildings such as the town hall, sports centre, college, churches and banks. There are also markets for fresh fruit and vegetables. Cal coal mine railway signals ferry Ruhr iron steel market technology Discussion How many hours does it take to get from Durham to Dinslaken? What was the Ruhr famous for? What do you think links the coal, iron and steel industries? Mapwork Ad Working from the map, make a list of five towns in the Ruhr. Unit 8 e Germany \ Ct al ee ‘A The Lohberg mine closed in 2006, after producing coal for 100 years, Data Bank * There are 53 towns and cities in the Ruhr and around § million people. * The Ruhr is named after the river which flows through it. In 1910 there were 400,000 miners in the Ruhr producing coal for much of Western Europe. Investigation @ Search the internet to find three interesting facts about the Ruhr. 47Unit 8 e Germany Lesson 3: Living in Dinslaken like to visit Dinslaken What When Dominic is in Dinslaken he always visits his cousins. Martin is ten years old and goes to a nearby school. Andrea is six and goes to a nursery called a kindergarten. Martin and Andreo’s father is a manager of the local supermarket. Their mother is a nurse. She works in the accident unit at the hospital. > Map of Dinslaken. Y Dominic's grandmother's house. > Dinslaken was one of the first places in the Ruhr to have pedestrianised streets. When Dominic visits his cousins in the summer they often go to Rotbach Lake for a picnic. People go there to ride their bikes, play ball games or walk in the woods. Some people sail or fish. In the winter they go ice skating or watch an ice hockey match. Sometimes they go to the indoor swimming pool. © Built-up area () Woter (0D Open space and countrysidess Unit 8°Germany | Changes and differences Each time Dominic visits Dinslaken he notices changes. The coal mine has closed and some of the old factories have been pulled down. There is a new heating plant which burns the town’s rubbish. Sometimes Dominic looks out of the window and thinks of his home in England. The houses are not quite the same shape here, the signs are all written in German and there are no hedges to the fields. It is also colder in winter. Things are a little bit different in Germany. Dinslaken in history | Dinslaken became an industrial town in the nineteenth century. The castle ecargeten | was built 700 years ago. "1850 Glue and steel factories set up | 1856 Railway orrives 1894 Over 100,000 cattle brought to the market 1906 Coal mine opened to supply fuel to the ironworks 1945 Town rebuilt after being destroyed in the Second World War heating plant pedestrianised watermill 4 The watermill museum celebrates the history of the town. Discussion [J Where is Dinslaken? What changes has Dominic noticed? (J What do you think you would find most interesting about Dinslaken? Investigation Draw pictures of four events in Dinslaken’s history and add dates to make a simple timeline. Summary In this unit you have learnt about: * the landscape and weather in Germany * a region in Germany * living in Germany Mapwork Look at the buildings shown on the map of Dinslaken. Make a list of some of the jobs people might do there.Unit 9 North America cactus coniferous forest rainforest resources Lesson 1: Introducing North America 2 What is North America like’ Discussion The landscape of North America is | Ui a aaah iypes con yeu very varied. There are rainforests in inal in North: America? Mexico and the countries around the [Jj Using the map to help you, Caribbean Sea. The United States discuss where each of the of America (USA) has grasslands, photographs on pages 50-51 deserts and mountains. In Canada was taken. there are many lakes and great [J Which landscape would you expanses of coniferous forest. most like to visit? The USA dominates North America. It has many industries and resources and is one of the richest countries in the world. Many of the people who live in the USA have family links with Europe and other continents. There are also small numbers of American Indians who have lived in North America for thousands of years. A Huge cactus plants grow in the Arizona Desert in the USA. C AS A The Rocky Mountains stretch down A The Maya Indians built this pyramid in North America from Canada to Mexico. the Mexican rainforest 3000 years ago. 50Unit 9° North America | Mapwork Using an atlas, find out the names of ten different states in the USA. Pacific 0 1000-2000 km. Ocean ua Atlantic Ocean key (A) Mountain (_) Desert © Grassland @ Northem forests @® Rainforest O ke cap JAMAICA 4 In Greenland people can only live © around the coast. Investigation Collect your own photographs of the USA for a class display. 51Unit 9° North America Lesson 2: Finding out about Canada What is Canada like? Canada is the second largest country in the world. It stretches over 5000 km across North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Canada is also a country of vast landscapes. Swamps, lakes and forests cover around half the country. In the west, the Rocky Mountains rise high into the sky. Discussion How large is Canada? What is remarkable about Canada? Data Bank Area 10 million sq km Highest mountain Mt Logan 5959 m Longest river Mackenzie 4241km Coastline Longest coastline in world 200,000 km. Capital city Ottaway Other cities Toronto, Montréal Population 35 million i+] The maple leaf in the centre of the Canadian flag represents nature. The flag was designed in 1965. i. Why is Canada divided into time zones? A Inside the Arctic Circle the northem lights flicker across the night sky. These brilliant natural light shows attract many tourists. Key words border First Nations maple leaf northern lights. Climate Most parts of Canada are extremely cold in winter. People The First Nations were over-run by European settlers. The French came first, then the British. Resources Canada is a major producer of oil and gas. It is also important for wheat and timber. Environment Pine beetles have killed many trees. In Alberta the land has been damaged by pollution and fracking.Unit 9 * North America 4 In Canada state boundaries often follow lines of latitude nd longitude. Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Key Over 1000 metres, 200-1000 metres () 0-200 metres UNITED STATES F AMERICA Scale 0 500 1000 km. 7 us Y Mapwork Using an atlas make a list of | Investigation countries like Canada which Make up a quiz about Canada only have a border with one and North America for other other country. pupils in your class.Unit 9 * North America Lesson 3: Crossing the Rockies What is e to cross the Rockies’ Alison lives in Vancouver on the The road leads along the Fraser Pacific coast of Canada. Sometimes __ river and goes into a canyon before she goes to visit her brother in it begins to climb. The mountains, Calgary 1000 km away. The lakes and forests are magnificent. journey takes her the Rocky — When Alison reaches Calgary it is Mountains on the ‘Trane Canad often cold and snowy. It is also in a ys different time zone. Vancouver Hope Cache Creek Kamloops = ee 150 km 194 km 79 km 11 km A There are coniferous forests along many parts of the route. Discussion (What road links Vancouver to Calgary? What do you think you would like most about Alison’s journey? “4 aha. ‘A Route through the Rockies. 54Unit 9» North America canyon mountain pass Lt as Alberta cross section time zone Kicking glaciers 200m Horse Poss: Tsar Bont 1384 Alison enjoys being in the mountains. In the winter she "000m “su goes skiing and in summer Golden she goes hiking. Alison is also *"” interested in the plants and 0. wildlife. Once she even saw a (wo, 200, 4800 eri a bear in the distance. ‘4 The Trans-Canada highway crosses two mountain passes. Salmon Revelstoke Golden Banff Calgar ni ¢ 4 fem 98 km 146 km, 147 km, 123 km A Glaciers have created lots of lakes in the Rockies. ‘A Bear, elk and other wild animals Investigation ‘are common. Salmon are found in the @ Moke a PowerPoint presentation streams and rivers, with six slides about the Trans- Canada highway and the Rocky Mountains. Mapwork ZA Make your own diagram map of the Trans-Canada highway Summary Th this unit you have learnt about: * the landscape of North America * what makes Canada special * the Rocky Mountains. showing places along the route from the Pacific to Atlantic Ocean coasts.Key words Lesson 1: The Gulf What is The Gult The Gulf is the sea which separates __ states’. Saudi Arabia and Iraq are Saudi Arabia and Iran. It is about the largest of the Gulf states. Some 1000 km long. The Gulf is one of the _ of the others are very small. most important regions in the world The Gulf states are all Arab for oll and gas. This has made the countries. Traditions and culture are countries around The Gulf extremely very important. Islam is the main rich. However it has also brought the religion. At school children learn danger of conflict. Arabic script. Friday, being a day of The countries on the southern side prayer, is a public holiday. of The Gulf are known as the ‘Gulf Arab Islam coral reef —_ oil reserves desert states Koy BY © Over 1000 metres } ©) 200-1000 metres yl) 0-200 metres em Scale 0 150 300km come sa SAUDI ARABIA °5 ™ Riyadh Long robes are widely worn in The Gulf. Men wear a white kandura and women a black abaya. Lis y 56Discussion [J What is The Gulf? [J What makes The Gulf important? [1 What else is special about The Gulf? A Dates grow well in the desert climate. 4 Oil was first discovered in The Gulf in the 1950s. Mapwork Investigation Unit 10 ¢ Asia Data Bank * Some of the oldest civilizations in the world developed in The Gulf states. ¢ The Gulf has around half the world's oil reserves. * The Gulf is home to around 700 species of fish. A The Gulf was once a centre for fishing and pear! diving. Working from an atlas, write the names of The Gulf states in alphabetical order. What can you find in and around your classroom which is made of oil? Make a list. 57Asia Lesson 2: Introducing United Arab Emirates ited Arab What is the U Emirates like? The United Arab Emirates or UAE is a single country made from a group of seven states (emirates) on the southern shore. of The Gulf. Since oil was first discovered in the 1950s the UAE has been almost completely Bcc Vettil =e} metic ecr lg is the tallest building in the world (828 metres). How many states are there in the UAE? What traditions are maintained? 19) How do you think the discovery of oil transformed the UAE? Bedouin emirate mosque state theme parkAsia > Camel racing is popular in the UAE. It is linked to the traditions of the Bedouin who live in the desert. 4. Many works of art have been inspired by religion These beautiful tiles are in a mosque in Abu Dhabi. | c pid IE? & The Palm Islands at Dubai include hotels, A The colours in the UAE villas, theme parks, shopping malls and health flag symbolise Arab unity. and sports centres. Working from an atlas, find three | @ which other countries have or more mountains in the UK flags which just use red, which are similar in height to the black, green and white? Make Burj Khalifa skyscraper. drawings of two of them. 59Unit 10 * Asia Key words Lesson 3: Exploring the = [°7uyprmerte oe oem United Arab Emirates financial centre satellite image (The UAE today Discussion How is the UAE linked to other countries? The UAE has a desert 7 [J In the satellite image, which compass aa al are direction is the wind is blowing from? to over 45°C in summer. (9 What do you think is unusual about There can be strong winds the UAE? which whip up sandstorms. Modern buildings help people live in these difficult conditions. The population of the UAE has multiplied eight times since 1975. Abu Dhabi is the capital and main financial centre. Dubai is another important city. There are oases in the desert areas. | Investigation Write a few sentences about environmental footprints and what they tell us. Mapwork © Using an outline map of Asia draw arrows to show the shipping routes from the UAE to the countries it supplies with oil. other countries _ Links Trade Transport | The UAE sells oil to many countries in Asia. _ Emirates and Etihad airlines are both based This diagram shows where the oil goes. in the UAE and have flights to cities across ao] six continents.(7) 0-200 metres bean mn sh A This satellite image shows sand and dust from the desert blowing far out to sea. Sport The Emirates Stadium in London is home to the Arsenal football team and one of the largest stadiums in the UK. The UAE also sponsors other sports such as motor racing. Unit 10 ¢ Asia 300 km Data Bank * Most of the drinking water comes from factories which take salt out of seawater. * Air conditioning helps keep people comfortable in very hot weather. * The UAE has one of the biggest environmental footprints in the world. Summary Tn this unit you have learnt about: the Gulf states the UAE * how the UAE is changing.Glossary Beach The material which builds up on the seashore ond is washed by the tide. Bog ‘An area of wet, muddy ground that supports a special range of plants and creatures. Canyon Adeep valley or gorge with cliffs on either side. Coast ‘Where the land meets the sea. Council offices Building, or set of buildings, where local services are organised. Culture The music, art, language, beliefs and other traditions of a group of people. Dam A barrier across a river which creates a lake or reservoir. Environmental footprint The resources (food, clothing, water and so on) which a person uses in their daily life. Estuary Where a river meets the sea and the water becomes salty. Fairtrade ‘System for buying goods which gives formers ‘and other workers a fair price for their products. Fjord ‘A deep valley which has been flooded by the sea, offen stretching far inland, First Nations A term used to describe the people who lived in Canada before Europeans arrived. Grid square System of squares for identifying places on a map. Habitat The place where a community of plants and ‘animals live. Headland ‘A narrow piece of land that juts out into the sea. 62 Industrial estate Area where factories, offices and retail outlets are grouped together. Meander A series of wide bends in a stream or river. Monsoon Period of heavy rain after a long dry period. Mountain pass A crossing point across a range of mountains. Mudflats Low-lying areas of mud found at the edge of a lake or seashore. Northern lights Colourful lights in the night sky seen in polar regions, caused by particles from the sun. Oasis An isolated area in the desert where water comes fo the surface. Oil reserves The amount of oil in the world. Picture scales A set of drawings to show changes on a theme or topic. Pumping station Place where water is drawn out of a river or reservoir. Resources Metals, crops and other substances which people find useful. Sewage works Place where waste water from houses and. factories is purified Shingle Small to medium-sized pebbles which are found on a beach. Tide The daily change of level in seawater caused by the action of the sun and the moon. Time zone An atea where all places share the same time, usually about 15 degrees of longitude apart. Weir Adam across a river which lets water flow over the top.