2RM Cb4Aans e PDF Mole (Unit) Reaction Rate

Search
2RM Cb4Aans
Download now e !
Uploaded by Tat L
" 0 ratings · 382 views · 76 pages

Document Information #
Original Title
Download
2RM Cb4Aans e Doc now !
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
HKDSE CHEMISTRY – A Modern View
(Second Edition )
Share this document
(Reprinted with minor amendments 2019)
(Chemistry)
Coursebook 4A
Suggested answers
Facebook Twitter
Chapter 36 Rate of chemical reaction Page
Number
!
Class practice 1
$ Think about 4
Email
Chapter exercise 5
!
Chapter 37 Facto rs affectin g rate of reaction
!
Class practice 10
Did you find this document useful?
!
Think about 12
!
Writing practice 13
!
Chapter exercise 13
Chapter 38 Molar volu me of gases at roo m temperature and pressur e

(r.t.p.)
Is this content
!
Classinappropriate?
practice Report this Document 19
!
Self-test 22
!
Think about 24
!
Chapter exercise 24
!
Part exercise 31
Chapter 39 Dynamic equili bri um
!
Class practice 40
!
Think about 41
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019
Advertisement
!
Chapter exercise 42
Chapter 40 Equilibrium constant
!
Class practice 45
!
Self-test 48
!
Think about 49
!
Try it now 49
!
Chapter exercise 51
Chapter 41 The effect of changes in concentrati on and temperature on

chemical equilib ria
!
Class practice 58
!
Think about 61
!
Chapter exercise 61
!
Part exercise 68
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019
HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

Chapter 36 Rate of chemical reactio n
Class Practice
A36.1 (p.36-3)
(a) Putting a piece of calcium in water
(b) Adding silver nitrate solution to sodium chloride solution
A36.2 (p.36-7)
− 3
(0.48 − 0) mol dm
(a) Rate of formation of NO2(g) = = 0.24 mol dm –3 s–1
2s
(b) From the equation, mole ratio of NO2 to N2 = 2 : 1.
1
Rate of consumption of N 2(g) = × Rate of formation of NO2(g)
2
1
= × 0.24 mol dm –3 s–1 = 0.12 mol dm –3 s–1
2
(c) From the equation, mole ratio of NO2 to O2 = 2 : 2 = 1 : 1.

Rate of consumption of O 2(g) = Rate of formation of NO 2(g) = 0.24 mol dm –3 s–1
A36.3 (p.36-12)
(a) Instantaneous rate of reaction at point A
(7.0 − 0) mol dm −3
= = 3.5 mol dm –3 min–1
( 2 − 0) min
Instantaneous rate of reaction at point B
− 3
(6.0 − 3.9) mol dm
= = 1.1 mol dm –3 min–1
(3.9 − 2) min
Instantaneous rate of reaction at point C = 0 mol dm –3 min–1 as the curve has
become horizontal starting from the 7th minute.
(b) At the start of the reaction, the rate of reaction is the highest. As the reaction
proceeds, the rate of reaction becomes lower and lower and finally it becomes
zero.
(c) Average rate of the whole course of reaction
(5.4 − 0) mol dm −3
= = 0.77 mol dm –3 min–1
(7.0 − 0) min
A36.4 (p.36-13)
(a)
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 1
Advertisement

3
)
–
m
f d
o l
n o
o
tia (m
)
tr q
n
e (a
c H
n O
o O
C C3
H
C
Time (min)
(b) Draw a tangent at time t = 0, then find the slope of the tangent.
Initial rate of the reaction = slope of the tangent to the curve at time t = 0
(0.13 − 0) mol dm −3
= = 2.6 × 10–3 mol dm –3 min–1
(50 − 0) min
(c) Draw a tangent at time t = 125, then find the slope of the tangent.
Instantaneous rate at the 125 th minute
= slope of the tangent to the curve at time t = 125
(0.149 − 0.125) mol dm −3
= = 4.8 × 10–4 mol dm –3 min–1
(125 − 75) min
(d) The instantaneous rate decreases during the course of the reaction.
A36.5 (p.36-17)
(a)
)
3
m
(c
d
tea
re
b
il
)
(g2
N
f
o
e
m
lu
o
V
Time (min)
3
(b) 58.5 cm
(c) Average rate of the reaction for the first 4 minutes
(51.0 − 0) cm 3
= = 12.75 cm3 min–1
(4 − 0) min

A36.6 (p.36-19)
1. (a) Pressure sensor
(b)
e
h
t
e
d
is e
in b
)a tu
P g
k iln
( i
e o
r b
su
se
r
P
Time (min)
2. SO2 is very soluble in water. The volume of the SO 2 measured is too small or the
change in pressure of the reaction system is not obvious.
A36.7 (p.36-22)
(a) The escape of the carbon dioxide formed from the reaction mixture causes the
decrease in mass of the flask and its content during the experiment.
(b)
Time of reaction
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
(min)
Mass of CO2
0 0.80 1.50 2.05 2.50 2.90 3.05 3.25 3.40
produced (g)
Time of reaction
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
(min)
Mass of CO2
3.51 3.59 3.64 3.67 3.69 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70
produced (g)
(c)
total mass of CO2

produced the end of reaction
)
(g
de
c
u
d
ro
p
2
O
C
f
o total time of reaction
ss
a
M
Time (min)
Advertisement

(d) Draw a tangent at time t = 0, then find the slope of the tangent.
Initial rate of the reaction = slope of the tangent to the curve at time t = 0
(2 − 0) g
= = 2.5 g min–1
(0.8 − 0) min
(3.70 − 0) g
(e) Average rate for the whole course of the reaction = = 0.53 g min –1
(7.0 − 0) min
A36.8 (p.36-29)
(a) To quench the reaction in the small portion of reaction mixture.
6.50
(b) Number of moles of S2O32– reacted = 5 × 10−3 × mol = 3.25 × 10 −5 mol
1000
− 5
3.25 " 10
∴number of moles of I2 present = mol = 1.63 × 10 −5 mol
2
Concentration of iodine in the third portion
−5
1.63 " 10
= mol dm−3 = 1.63 × 10−3 mol dm−3
10.0
1000
A36.9 (p.36-30)
(a) As O2 is the only gaseous product in the reaction, the progress of the reaction can
be followed by measuring the volume of O 2 formed at regular time intervals. The
volume of O2 can be measured using a gas syringe.
(b) As CH3COOH(aq) can react with NaOH(aq), the progress of the reaction can be
followed by measuring the change in concentration of CH 3COOH(aq) with time
by titrimetric analysis. At regular time intervals, extract a small portion of the
reaction mixture. Quench the portion and then titrate it with standard NaOH(aq).
Add phenolphthalein to the portion as an indicator. At the end point, the colour of
the indicator changes from pink to very pale pink (or nearly colourless).
(c) The reaction involves a decrease in the number of moles of gases. If the reaction
is performed in a closed container, the progress of the reaction can be followed
by measuring the decrease in pressure of the reaction system with time. The
pressure inside the closed container can be measured by using a pressure sensor
connected to a data-logger.
Think about
Think about (p.36-2)
1. No. Chemical reactions proceed with a wide range of rates. Refer to Section
36.1.

2. By measuring the change in concentration of a reactant or a product with time.

H2 has a very low density. The change in mass of the reaction mixture may be very
small. The electronic balance used in the school laboratory may not be sensitive
enough to detect the small change.

The concentration(s) of the reactant(s) decrease(s) upon dilution and cold water
lowers the temperature of the reaction mixture. Both factors can slow down the
chemical reactions.
Chapter exercis e (p.36-37)

1. increase; decrease
2. Average
3. Instantaneous; tangent
4. (a) volume
(b) pressure
(c) mass
(d) intensity
5. titration; titrimetric analysis
6. Quenching
7. B
8. C
From the equation, mole ratio of S 2O32– to H+ = 1 : 2.
+ 2–
∴rate of consumption of H (aq) = 2 × rate of consumption of S 2O3 (aq)
–3 –1 –3 –1
= 2 × 0.25 mol dm s = 0.50 mol dm s
9. C
From the equation, mole ratio of Cr 3+ to SO32– = 2 : 3.
∴rate of consumption of SO 32–(aq)
3 3
= × rate of formation of Cr 3+(aq) = × 0.02 mol dm –3 s–1 = 0.03 mol dm –3 s–1
2 2
10. D
Total volume of the mixture = (50 + 50) cm 3 = 100 cm3
Advertisement

0.0025
Molarity of I2(aq) at the 25th second = M = 0.025 M
100
1000
0.025 M
Rate of formation of I2(aq) = = 0.001 M s –1
25 s
11. B
B forms very rapidly at first because the concentration of reactant A is very high
at the start. As time passes, B forms less rapidly because the concentration of A
decreases as reaction proceeds.
12. B
The initial rate is equal to the instantaneous rate at time t = 0. To determine the
initial rate of a chemical reaction, a tangent is drawn on the curve at time t = 0.
13. D
(1): MnO2 is a catalyst that remains chemically unchanged at the end of the
reaction. It is not consumed in the reaction.
(2) and (3): the curve becomes horizontal at the time interval between P and Q.
This indicates that no more oxygen evolves in the reaction. The reaction has
stopped.
14. C
(A): ZnCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(B): Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
(C): ZnO(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
(D): Zn(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) → (CH3COO)2Zn(aq) + H2(g)
No gas evolves in (C). Hence, the progress of the reaction cannot be followed by
the set-up shown in the question.
15. B
(A): carbon dioxide formed in the reaction. If the carbon dioxide formed is
allowed to escape from the reaction mixture, the mass of the reaction mixture
decreases with time.
(B): all the substances in the reaction are colourless.
(C): hydrogen is the only gaseous product in the reaction. If the reaction is
carried out in an airtight container, the pressure that builds up can be measured
by using a pressure sensor connected to a data-logger.

(D): as the reaction proceeds, the concentration of NaOH(aq) decreases. A small

portion (known volume) of the reaction mixture can be withdrawn at regular time
intervals, quenched and then titrated with standard HCl(aq). As a result, the
change in concentration of NaOH(aq) in the reaction mixture during the course
of the reaction can be determined.
2.0
16. (a) Number of moles of CaCO3 = mol = 0.020 mol
40.1 + 12.0 + 16.0 ! 3
50
Number of moles of HCl = 2.0 × mol = 0.1 mol
1000
Since 0.020 mol of CaCO 3 required only 0.020 × 2 mol = 0.040 mol of HCl
for complete reaction, HCl was in excess.
(2.0 − 0) g
(b) (i) Rate of consumption of CaCO3(s) = = 0.0167 g s −1
120 s
(ii) Rate of consumption of CaCO3 in mol s –1
0.0167
= mol s–1 = 1.67 × 10 −4 mol s−1
40.1 + 12.0 + 16.0 ! 3
∴rate of consumption of HCl(aq) in mol dm −3 s−1

−4
1.67 ! 10 ! 2
= mol dm−3 s−1 = 6.68 × 10 –3 mol dm−3 s−1
50
1000
(iii) Rate of production of CO2 in g s −1

= 1.67 × 10 −4 × (12.0 + 16.0 × 2) g s −1 = 7.35 × 10 −3 g s−1
17. (a) Hydrogen

(40 − 0) cm 3
(b) (i) Initial rate of the reaction = = 40 cm3 min–1
(1 − 0) min
(ii) Average rate of the reaction from the 2nd minute to the 3rd minute
(42.9 − 37.0) cm 3
= = 5.9 cm3 min–1
(3 − 2) min
(c) At the 4th minute
(d) The pressure inside the system will increase when more gas evolves. If the
reaction is carried out in an airtight container, the rate of the reaction can be
followed by measuring the change in pressure of the reaction system with
time, using a pressure sensor connected to a data-logger.
18. (a) 150 cm3

(b) At the 22nd minute
Advertisement

3
150 cm
(c) Average rate of O2(g) produced = = 6.82 cm3 min−1
22 min
(d) From the graph, about 112 cm 3 of O2 were produced at the 4th minute.
Percentage of H2O2 decomposed at the 4 th minute
112
= % 100% = 74.7%
150
(e) The slope of the tangent at the 2nd minute is greater than that at the 6th
minute. This tells us that the instantaneous rate at the 2 nd minute is higher
than that at the 6 th minute.
(f)
gas syringe
O2(g) collected
H2O2(aq)
19. (a)
)
(g
ss
a
m
la
t
to
in
e
sa
e
rc
e
D
Time (min)
(b) (i) This is because the carbon dioxide gas evolved in the reaction escaped
from the reaction mixture.
(ii) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(c) This can prevent the acid from splashing out (the acid that splashes would
be trapped by the cotton wool). But at the same time it allows the escape of
carbon dioxide from the flask.

(d) This is because the conical flask has to be saturated with the carbon dioxide
formed first. As a result, the total mass of the conical flask and its content
does not change much initially.
(e) Mass of CO2 formed = 0.540 g
0.540
Number of moles of CO2 formed = mol = 0.0123 mol
12.0 + 16.0 ! 2
∴number of moles of HCl used = 0.0123 × 2 mol = 0.0246 mol
0.0246
Molarity of the hydrochloric acid = M = 0.984 M
25
1000
20. – As nitrogen (N2) is the only gaseous product in the reaction, the rate of
reaction can be followed by measuring the volume of N 2 formed with time.
The volume of N2 can be measured by using a gas syringe.
– If the reaction is performed in a closed container, the rate of reaction can be
followed by measuring the increase in pressure of the reaction system with
time. The pressure inside the closed container can be measured by using a
pressure sensor connected to a data-logger.
– Put the reaction mixture (in a conical flask) onto an electronic balance. The
rate of reaction can be followed by measuring the total loss in mass (as a
result of the escape of N2) of the conical flask and its content with time.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million

titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial

Cancel Anytime.

Chapter 37 Factor s affecting rate of reaction
Class Practice
A37.1 (p.37-7)
1. (a) 2.0 M
(b) Yes. This is because the same mass of zinc strip is used in all the
experiments.
(c)
n
e
g 3
)
o
r
d m
y (c
h d
f te
o c
e lle
m o
lu c
o
V
Time (min)
2. (a) The reaction between magnesium ribbon and 50 cm 3 of 2.0 M hydrochloric
acid.
Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid while ethanoic acid is a weak acid. The
H+(aq) concentration in 2.0 M HCl(aq) is higher than that in 2.0 M
CH3COOH(aq). Since reaction rate increases with an increase in
concentration of reactant, the reaction between magnesium ribbon and 50
cm3 of 2.0 M hydrochloric acid takes a shorter time to complete.
50
(b) Number of moles of HCl and CH3COOH used = 2.0 × mol = 0.1 mol
1000
0.1
Number of moles of Mg used = mol = 4.12 × 10 −3 mol
24.3
Mg(s) + 2H+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)
From the equation, mole ratio of Mg to H + = 1 : 2.
The amount of acid used is in great excess and magnesium is the limiting
reactant. As the same mass of magnesium is used in the two reactions, the
same amount of hydrogen gas is produced.
A37.2 (p.37-10)
(a) Br2(aq) is brown in colour. As the reaction proceeds, the concentration of Br2(aq)
decreases. Hence, the colour intensity of the reaction mixture decreases with
time.

(b) Put some small ice cubes in a water bath. Measure the temperature of the
reaction mixture until it falls to about 10 &C below the room temperature.
(c)
f
o
re
tiy tu
s ix
n
te m
in n
r ito
u c
lo a 15&C
o re
C
25&C
Time (s)
(d) As the temperature decreases, the reactant particles have less kinetic energy and
move slower. As a result, the reactant particles will have a lower frequency to
collide with each other. Besides, less reactant particles have sufficient energy to
react when temperature decreases. Thus, the number of effective collisions per
unit time decreases. The rate of reaction decreases.
A37.3 (p.37-13)
(a) CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(b) About 275 cm 3
(c) The actual volume of carbon dioxide collected is less than expected. The
difference is (360 − 275) cm3 = 85 cm3. This happens probably because some of
the carbon dioxide formed has dissolved in water and the powdered calcium
carbonate used is not pure.
(d)
)
3
m
(c
e
d
i
x A
io
d
n
o
br
B
a
c
f
o
e
m
lu
o
V
Time (min)
(e) Carbon dioxide forms as the only gaseous product. We can carry out the reaction
in an airtight container. The progress of reaction can be followed by measuring
the change in pressure of the reaction system with time by using a pressure
Advertisement

sensor connected to a data-logger.

When the carbon dioxide formed is allowed to escape from the reaction flask, the
mass of the reaction mixture decreases. Hence, we can follow the progress of
reaction by measuring the change in mass of the reaction mixture (in a reaction
flask) with time using an electronic balance.
A37.4 (p.37-16)
CuO(s)
(a) 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
(b) It acts as a catalyst.
(c) and (g)
3
)
m with CuO(s)
(c
d
tec
lle
o
c
sa
g
f
o
e
m
lu without CuO(s)
o
V
Time s
(d) At the beginning of the reaction, the reaction rate is the highest because the
concentration of H2O2(aq) is the highest at that time. As the reaction proceeds,
the reaction rate decreases because the concentration of H2O2(aq) decreases.
Finally, the reaction rate becomes zero because all the H2O2(aq) is used up. The
reaction stops.
(e) At the 70th second
(f) 0.5 g (This is because catalyst is not consumed at the end of the reaction.)
Think about
1. Lemon juice provides an acidic medium which is not suitable for enzymes to
work. Therefore, the enzymes (catalysts) cannot speed up the browning process.
2. Temperature, amount/concentration of enzyme, etc.


No. This is because solids and liquids are not compressible.
Writ ing p racti ce 37.1 (p.37-8)

A decrease in the concentration of a reactant means a decrease in the number of
reactant particles per unit volume. Once the particles become less crowded, they will
have a smaller chance to collide. This decreases the number of effective collisions per
unit time. Hence, the reaction rate decreases.
Chapter exercis e (p.37-24)

1. collide; effective collisions
2. effective collisions
3. concentration; temperature; surface area; catalyst
4. Catalysts
5. Enzymes
6. B
According to the collision theory, reactant particles need to possess sufficient
energy and be in correct orientation to give effective collisions, which result in a
reaction.
7. A
C2O42−(aq) ions are colourless while MnO4−(aq) ions are purple in colour. When
a less concentrated potassium permanganate solution is used, the colour intensity
of the reaction mixture should be lower than that of the original experiment.
Besides, as the reaction proceeds, the concentration of MnO 4−(aq) ions decreases.
8. B
Since sulphuric acid was used in excess in both reactions, the same volume of
hydrogen gas would evolve even a higher concentration of acid was used.
However, the reaction would complete in a shorter time when a higher
concentration of acid was used.
9. A
Note the axes of all the graphs. They are not concentration-time graph. Reaction
rate increases with an increase in temperature. The graph of reaction rate against
temperature is an exponential curve.
Advertisement

10. A
(1): since the same concentration of acid is used, the initial rate of the reaction
would be the same.
(2): since a lower concentration of acid is used, the initial rate of the reaction
would be lower.
(3): the same concentration of acid is used. However, the temperature is higher.
Hence, the initial rate of the reaction would be higher.
11. C
(A): as a smaller mass of marble chips is used, the total volume of carbon
dioxide evolved will be smaller.
(B): as the surface area of marble increases, the rate of the reaction will be higher.
However, the total volume of carbon dioxide evolved will be the same as the
same mass of marble chips is used.
(C): the concentration of acid will be lower when water is added to dilute the
acid. The rate of reaction will be lower. The total volume of carbon dioxide
evolved will be the same as same mass of marble chips is used.
(D): the reaction rate will be higher if the temperature is higher.
12. B
13. A
No catalyst is needed for anodization.
14. B
15. (a)
Concentration of Volume of Na2S2O3(aq) Volume of distilled

Sample
Na2S2O3(aq) (M) used (cm3) water added (cm3)
1 0.100 20 0
2 0.075 15 5
3 0.050 10 10
4 0.025 5 15
(b) The amount of concentrated HCl(aq) added was the same in each
experiment. All the experiments were carried out at room temperature and
pressure.

(c)
1
(s 1 )−
Time
Conc. of Na2S2O3(aq) (M)
(d) From the graph, when the rate of reaction is 0.015 s −1, the concentration of
Na2S2O3(aq) is 0.059 M.
(e) The rate of reaction increases with the concentration of Na2S2O3(aq) used.
(f) His statement is wrong. When we stopped the stopwatch, there was just
enough sulphur produced in the solution to ‘blot out’ the cross. The reaction
kept going to produce more sulphur.
16. (a) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) OR

Mg(s) + 2H+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)
(b) A pressure sensor connected to a data-logger can be used.
(c) Flask X. This is because the initial rate of the reaction between the
magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric acid in flask X was higher. OR
More gas (hydrogen) was produced from the reaction in flask X when equal
masses of magnesium ribbons were used.
(d) About 85 seconds
(e) Hydrochloric acid was the limiting reactant. As compared to flask X, less
gas (hydrogen) was produced when the same mass of magnesium ribbons
was used.
(f) Repeat the experiment at different temperatures, but keep other
experimental conditions the same. For example, the molar concentration
and the volume of hydrochloric acid, the mass of magnesium ribbons should
be made the same. Besides, use the same flask, pressure sensor and
data-logger in all the experiments.
17. (a) S2O32−(aq) + 2H+(aq) → S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)
Advertisement

(b) This is the reaction temperature of the experiment. It is necessary to note it

for comparison.
(c) As the reaction proceeds, more and more sulphur forms until it is enough to
‘blot out’ the cross.
(d) The smell came from the sulphur dioxide produced.
(e) Immerse the small beaker containing sodium thiosulphate solution in an
ice-water bath. Measure the temperature of the solution until it falls to 17&C.
(f) The longer the time to ‘blot out’ the cross, the slower the reaction is. OR
The measured time in Step 5 is inversely proportional to the rate of the
reaction.
(g)
1
)
(s
−
n
ito
c
a
e
r
la
ic
m
e
hc
f
o
te
a
R Temperature (&C)
As the temperature increases, the reactant particles have more energy and
move faster. As a result, the reactant particles will collide with each other
more frequently. Besides, more reactant particles have sufficient energy to
react when temperature increases. Thus, the number of effective collisions
per unit time increases. The rate of reaction increases.
18. (a) Carbon dioxide

(b)
e
h
t )
f
o (g
ss re
a tu
m ix
in m
e n
sa ito
e
rc c
a
e re
D
Time (min)
(c) Repeat the experiment at different temperatures, but keep other

experimental conditions the same. For example, the mass and the state of

division (i.e. surface area) of calcium carbonate, the molarity and volume of
hydrochloric acid should be made the same. Besides, use the same flask and
electronic balance in all the experiments.
(d)
e
h
t )
f
o (g
ss e
r
a tu
m ix
in m 60°C
n
se
a ito
e
rc c
a 45°C
e e
r 25°C
D
Time (min)
19. (a) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) OR

CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
10.0
(b) Number of moles of CaCO3 = mol = 0.100 mol
40.1 + 12.0 + 16.0 ! 3
150.0
Number of moles of HCl = 2.0 × mol = 0.3 mol
1000
Since 0.100 mol of CaCO3 required only 0.100 × 2 mol = 0.200 mol of HCl
for complete reaction, CaCO3 was the limiting reactant.
(c) When 10.0 g of limestone was used, the total mass of carbon dioxide
produced was (120.0 − 116.3) g = 3.7 g
Since limestone was the limiting reactant in the experiment, when its
amount is reduced by half, the total mass of carbon dioxide produced would
3.7
also be reduced by half. That is g = 1.85 g
2
(d) The experiment was repeated at a higher temperature, while the mass and
the state of division (i.e. surface area) of the limestone, the molarity and
volume of the hydrochloric acid were the same. OR
The experiment was repeated using a more finely divided limestone, while
the mass of the limestone, the molarity and volume of the hydrochloric acid,
and the temperature of the reaction were the same. OR
The experiment was repeated using a more concentrated hydrochloric acid,
while the mass and the state of division (i.e. surface area) of the limestone,
and the temperature of the reaction were the same.
(Besides, the same conical flask and electronic balance were used in both
experiments.)
Advertisement

20. (a) Experiment 2. The volume of the gas produced in Experiment 2 was the
same as that produced in Experiment 1. This indicates that the amounts of
acid and zinc foils used in Experiment 2 were the same as Experiment 1.
Experiment 2 has a higher initial rate because the experiment was carried
out at a higher temperature.
(b)
3
)
Experiment 4
m
(c
n
e
g
o
r
d Experiment 3
y
h
f
o
e
m
lu
o
V
Time (s)
Zinc foils were the limiting reactant. As equal masses of zinc foils were
used in Experiments 3 and 4, the volume of hydrogen evolved would be the
same. However, the initial rate of Experiment 4 was twice that of
Experiment 3. This is because the concentration of acid used in Experiment
4 was doubled.
21. To investigate the effect of surface area of solid reactant on the rate of chemical
reaction, two experiments should be done. In the experiments, equal volumes but
excess of 2 M hydrochloric acid are allowed to react with equal masses of lumps
of limestone and powdered limestone at the same temperature.
As the reaction involves the production of gaseous product, carbon dioxide, we
can collect the gas with a gas syringe and measure the volume of carbon dioxide
produced with time.
By plotting a graph of volume of carbon dioxide produced against time, we can
find the rate of carbon dioxide produced. Then we can understand the effect of
surface area of solid reactant on the rate of chemical reaction. OR
The reaction involves the production of gaseous product, carbon dioxide. We can
allow the gas to escape from the flask and measure the change in mass of the
reaction mixture with time using an electronic balance.
By plotting a graph of mass of the reaction mixture against time, we can find the
rate of change in mass of the reaction mixture. Then we can understand the effect
of surface area of solid reactant on the rate of chemical reaction.

Chapter 38 Molar volu me of gases at room temperatur e and

pr essur e (r.t.p.)
Class Practice
A38.1 (p.38-6)
(a) Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
0.327
(b) Number of moles of Zn used = mol = 5 × 10 −3 mol
65.4
∴number of moles of H2 produced = 5 × 10 −3 mol

(c) Molar volume of H2 at room temperature and pressure
120.0 3
dm
1000
= − 3
= 24 dm3 mol−1
5 ! 10 mol
A38.2 (p.38-8)
180
1. Number of moles of HCl molecules = mol = 7.5 × 10−3 mol
24000
Number of HCl molecules = 7.5 × 10−3 mol × 6.02 × 10 23 mol−1 = 4.515 × 10 21

2. (a) Volume of Ar = 0.25 mol × 24.0 dm 3 mol–1 = 6 dm3
21
2.41! 10
(b) Volume of CH4 = 23
mol × 24.0 dm 3 mol–1 = 0.096 dm 3
6.02 ! 10
A38.3 (p.38-12)
1. From the equation, mole ratio of CO2 to CO = 2 : 2 = 1 : 1.
∴number of moles of CO required = 0.20 mol
Volume of CO required = 0.20 mol × 24.0 dm 3 mol−1 = 4.8 dm 3

From the equation, mole ratio of CO 2 to O2 = 2 : 1.
0.20
∴number of moles of O2 required = mol = 0.10 mol
2
Volume of O2 required = 0.10 mol × 24.0 dm 3 mol−1 = 2.4 dm 3
2. (a) (i) By applying Avogadro’s Law,
2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)
volume ratio 2 1 2
1
∴volume of O2 required = 15.0 × cm3 = 7.5 cm3
2
(ii) Volume of SO3 formed = 15.0 cm 3

(b) By applying Avogadro’s Law,
2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)
volume ratio 2 1 2

Start Free Trial

Cancel Anytime.
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

Start Free Trial

Cancel Anytime.
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
Share this document

% & ' $ (
You might also like
1 (Beli Mangga Campur Sirsak

Bawa Rambutan)
Thanabalan Munuswamy
Rate Of Reaction_catalyst.pptx
SAGUNTHALA MANIAM -
Part IX Rate of Reaction Notes

Hon Kwan
Magazines Podcasts
Sheet music
2021_08_21 16_56 OVice Lens

Cheong Kang Jie
....
Nguyễn Hoàng Đăng
HKDSE CHEMISTRY – book 4A

ans
Steven Chu
Mole (Unit) Reaction Rate
Chemical Reactions Acid
1 Rate of Reaction
Eila Ari]in
Answers_Chapter 3
Mejo Joy
chem2TQ3RDgrading
Kristine Gallogo
Ujian Setara 1 2017 Kimia

Zulkifli Bin Pari
Chemistry Solutions
Fariza
Answer Scheme Practice

CORONA - 1-1
Mumtaz Barhiya
Show more
About Support
About Scribd Help / FAQ
Press Accessibility
Our blog Purchase help
Join our team! AdChoices
Contact us Publishers
Invite friends
Social
Gibs
Scribd for enterprise Instagram
Twitter
Legal Facebook
Terms Pinterest
Privacy
Copyright
Cookie Preferences
Do not sell or share my

personal information
Get our free apps
Books • Audiobooks • Magazines • Podcasts •

Sheet music • Documents • Snapshots
Language: English
Copyright © 2023 Scribd Inc.
萬寧買的這個，讓
開
頭滿活⼒
法之⽻KAMINOWA

2RM Cb4Aans e PDF Mole (Unit) Reaction Rate

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2RM Cb4Aans e PDF Mole (Unit) Reaction Rate

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Search

" 0 ratings · 382 views · 76 pages

Chapter 37 Facto rs affectin g rate of reaction

Chapter 38 Molar volu me of gases at roo m temperature and pressur e

Chapter 39 Dynamic equili bri um

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019

Chapter 40 Equilibrium constant

Chapter 41 The effect of changes in concentrati on and temperature on

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

Chapter 36 Rate of chemical reactio n

(c) From the equation, mole ratio of NO2 to O2 = 2 : 2 = 1 : 1.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 1

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 2

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

total mass of CO2

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 3

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 4

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

2. By measuring the change in concentration of a reactant or a product with time.

Think about (p.36-20)

Think about (p.36-26)

Chapter exercis e (p.36-37)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 5

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 6

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

(D): as the reaction proceeds, the concentration of NaOH(aq) decreases. A small

∴rate of consumption of HCl(aq) in mol dm −3 s−1

(iii) Rate of production of CO2 in g s −1

17. (a) Hydrogen

18. (a) 150 cm3

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 7

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 8

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 9

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million

Start Free Trial

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

Chapter 37 Factor s affecting rate of reaction

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 10

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 11

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

sensor connected to a data-logger.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 12

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

Think about (p.37-6)

Writ ing p racti ce 37.1 (p.37-8)

Chapter exercis e (p.37-24)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 13

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

Concentration of Volume of Na2S2O3(aq) Volume of distilled

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 14

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 4A

Conc. of Na2S2O3(aq) (M)

16. (a) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) OR

17. (a) S2O32−(aq) + 2H+(aq) → S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 15