EXPERIMENT NO:-4

AIM: To Identify The Acid Radical And The Basic Radical Present In The Given Salt Sample

(A) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:-

(i) Colour-White,
(ii) Odour- odourless
(iii) State-Crystalline,

(B) DRY TESTS FOR ACID RADICALS:-

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

i Dilute sulphuric acid test – To a pinch of salt No brisk effervescence CO32- absent
taken in a dry test tube, 1ml of dil. H2SO4 was
added. No gas with smell of SO32- absent
burning sulphur

No gas with rotten egg S 2- absent

smell

No reddish brown gas NO2- absent

ii Oxalic acid test- To a pinch of the salt taken on No smell of vinegar CH3COO- absent
a watch glass, oxalic acid crystals and few drops
of water were added to make a paste.

iii MnO2 test- To a pinch of the salt taken in a dry No greenish yellow gas Cl- absent
test tube with equal amount of MnO2, 1ml conc. with pungent smell
H2SO4 was added and heated.
No reddish brown Br- absent
vapours

No deep violet vapours I - absent

iv Copper turning test- A small quantity of salt Reddish brown gas Presence of NO3-
was taken in a clean dry test tube and copper evolved and a blue radical was
turnings were added to it, followed by the solution formed at the indicated
addition of 1 ml conc. H2SO4, the test tube was bottom of the test tube.
heated then.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:-

(i)2NO3- + H2SO4 S →O42- + 2HNO3
(ii) 4 HNO3 + Cu → Cu(NO3)2 (blue solution)+ 2NO2 (reddish brown gas)+2H2O
(C) WET TEST FOR CONFIRMATION OF ACID RADICAL:-
(i) Preparation of original solution- A little amount of salt was taken in a clean dry test tube to which 5 ml
distilled water was added. The mixture was shaken till the salt dissolved and a clear solution was obtained. This
solution was labelled as original solution (O.S).

(ii)Confirmatory test of NO3- :

Experiment Observation Inference

Ring Test: To the O.S equal volume of A brown ring formed at Presence of NO3-
freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution was the junction of the two radical was
added. A white ppt appeared- it was filtered liquids. confirmed
till a clear filtrate was obtained. To the clear
filtrate, conc. H2SO4 was added gently along
the side of the tilted test tube.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:-

(i) NO3- + H2SO4 →HSO4- + HNO3

(ii) 6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3 →3Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO
(iii) FeSO4 + NO + 5H2O →[Fe(H2O)5(NO)]SO4

(D) DRY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS:-

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

(i) NaOH bead test-To a pinch of salt taken in a dry No gas NH 4 + absent
test tube, 1or2 pellets of NaOH was added and with
heated ammoniacal smell
was evolved.
(ii) Flame test-A paste of salt with conc HCl was Dull Bluish white Pb2+ indicated
placed on the loop of a clean platinum wire and flame colouration
introduced to the non-luminous flame. observed

(E) GROUP ANALYSIS:

To the O.S dil HCl was added

White ppt.
Group I
basic radical -------
present,
May be Pb2+
(F) CONFIRMATORY TEST OF Pb2+

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1. Potassium Iodide Test: Yellow ppt appeared. presence of lead

To the O.S KI solution was added radical, Pb2+
confirmed

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS INVOLVED:-

(i) Pb2+ + 2HCl → PbCl2(white ppt.) + 2H+
(ii) Pb2+ + 2KI → PbI2 +2K+

(F) RESULT:-
(I) Acid radical: Nitrate, NO3-
(ii) Basic radical: Lead, Pb2+
(iii) Salt: Lead Nitrate, Pb(NO3)2