2.

Lean Process and Operations Management ( discuss

the principles, characteristics, advantages and
disadvantages, applications in different industries)
- a business that maximizes value while minimizing waste
e primary objective of Lean process improvement is to create value for the customer by optimizing
resources and creating an uninterrupted workflow based on near real-time customer demands. In addition,
the approach seeks to minimize or eliminate all waste of resources, effort, and time by documenting each
step in a business process and then removing or reducing steps that do not create customer value. The
concept of Lean is rooted in manufacturing, but it has been adapted to fit almost every industry.

- Overproduction.
- By using resources excessively before the buyer even purchases the goods,
Overproduction in
overproduction results in waste up front.
manufacturing most often leads to wastes of resources and
time. Any amount of time or resources used to produce a
product beyond the customer's requirements is considered
waste.
- Unused talent

- Lean process management has its roots in the Toyota production system, which started following
World War II. Toyota developed the five principles of Lean management to decrease the number
of process steps that were not producing value. As a result, the practice became known as the
Toyota Way. By adhering to these Lean principles, Toyota made significant improvements in cost
efficiency, cycle time, and productivity.

Principle
1. What are your consumers willing to invest in? Identifying the value for customers gives you a
starting point at where you can eliminate excess waste and activities within your manufacturing
process, sales cycle, etc.  (through this malalaman mo kung hanggang saan ka lang banda….
2. The mapping represents key points within the purchase process and highlights stages from
purchase to production to delivery. This visual representation helps to better understand your
business model and improve existing processes.
3. Once you’ve established value, it’s time to focus on the flow, or system practices. How does
your customer receive their goods or services? Can you streamline this process to increase
efficiency? Be mindful of how tasks move through your workflow and keep an eye out for any
stages that may be prone to bottlenecks. Creating a lean and smooth work process through
lean manufacturing processes will speed up the turnaround time between an order placed and
delivery to the consumer. Many organizations achieve this using a Lean management technique
called Kanban that uses visual cues to trigger action. This makes it easy to communicate between teams
so that each activity takes place when and only when it is needed. 

4.  Operating with a pull system effectively ensures that the workflow remains continuous and helps
teams deliver outputs faster and more efficiently. In addition, with a pull system, new outputs are created
only if there is a demand for them. As a result, storage costs are reduced, and overhead is minimized

5. chieving continuous improvement requires using various techniques that help

document what an organization is currently doing, what it needs to do instead,

and what challenges may arise in achieving the desired state. Every member of

the organization is expected to help make the process they operate better.

However, there is not a straight line between how things are done today and

perfection; obstacles will arise, which is why every employee must constantly be

on the lookout for improvement opportunities.

Advantage:
1. Adopting the lean methodology means increasing efficiency,

which benefits any company’s bottom line.

2. A bottleneck or broken process, no matter how small, can totally

derail a workflow or make it impossible to meet a deadline.

With lean, tasks aren’t blindly or randomly assigned. Teams work

together to ensure work is evenly distributed and deadlines are met.
They discuss any potential bottlenecks in advance so they can be
solved before they become a financial burden or delay work. Since
capacity and WIP (work in progress) items are continually forecasted,
monitored, and adjusted with lean, bottlenecks are anticipated in
advance, every team member participates, and no one’s time is
wasted.

3> Eliminating waste means saving money—no matter the

industry.  Make sure every cost is accounted for and necessary
to the production process by consistently reviewing your
company’s work processes and eliminating any costs that don’t
add value.

4. Businesses today must adapt faster than ever due to increasing

customer demand, rapidly evolving technological advancements, and
the COVID-19 pandemic.

The larger the size of the organization, the harder it is to adapt. Long-
running business systems were not designed to be flexible, so when
adjustments need to be made, it may take months or years before the
entire organization is on the same page.

With lean, teams can better adapt. Lean systems aren’t as rigid, so it’s
easier to make adjustments along the way, meaning teams will better
adjust for unexpected circumstances. The lean methodology can help
any business, no matter its size, adapt to changing times gracefully,
as lean is the exact opposite of a set it and forget it process.
5. The lean methodology leans into both stakeholder and customer
needs, which results in a better end product. Progress in lean is
measured based on the value delivered to the customer instead of the
completion of tasks.

With lean, customer value is paramount. Every project and task

begins with considering the point of view of customers and putting
yourself in their shoes. Feedback is gathered alongside product
development instead of at the end to ensure new information is
considered and that the final product will be exactly what the customer
needs or wants.

Disad.
 1. Lack of time. Lean requires some planning and time upfront: you’ll need to
take a deep dive into your current workflow and team activities, which could
include tracking things over a period of time (if you’re not already), as well as
talking to team members and heads of other teams.You’ll also need to
encourage your team to meet regularly (many Lean teams hold a daily standup)
to discuss the work that’s been completed, what needs to be done, and any
problems that could get in the way.

2.  the lack of ability to do something or produce something without wasting

materials, time, or energy. Lean techniques can be overused. 

3. buy-in refers to your staff members' understanding that a

decision or change is necessary for your business to
succeed, accepting that change, and staying engaged with
the company's efforts to meet its goals.

4. A lower margin of error indicates higher confidence

levels in the produced results. 
Industries
Lean in healthcare is about creating value and reducing burdens that

patients and staff experience every day. So rather than focusing on saving

money, Lean organizations focus on sustaining high levels of quality,

safety, satisfaction and morale.

 2. eliminate waste throughout the manufacturing process and maximize

efficiency. Doing so would create greater profits and a higher level of

satisfaction for the end customer. Lean manufacturing directives have been

used by bakeries in the city of Medellin, Colombia, with the help of modern

technology to tighten up waste production and improve efficiency and

product quality.

3. Lean construction is a project delivery process that uses

Lean methods of maximizing stakeholder value while
reducing waste by emphasizing collaboration between
teams on a project. The goal of Lean construction is to
increase productivity, profits, and innovation in the
industry.

4. Automotive
Reduce defects and unnecessary physical wastages. Reduce

manufacturing lead times and production cycle times. Minimize

inventory levels at all stages of production. Improve labor productivitt