College of Engineering and Technology (CEAT)

Department of Civil Engineering

International University Of Business Agriculture & Technology
Uttara, Dhaka 1230

CEN – 347
Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete II

Semester – Fall 2020

Topic: Combined Bending and Axial Loads

Instructor
Instructor : Dr. Noor
: Dr. M.Hasan
Shamim Miah
Associate Professor
Department of CE, IUBAT
TEXTBOOK

• Design of Concrete Structures

by A. H. Nilson, D. Darwin, C. W. Dolan (15th Edition)

Chapter 9: Short Columns

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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 2
 Lecture # 11-13

Analysis of Columns with

Eccentricity

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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 3
Combined Bending and Axial Loads
Behavior under Combined Bending + Axial Loads

Axial Load + Bending Moment Axial Load + Bi-Axial Bending Moment

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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 4
Combined Bending and Axial Loads
Typically, Moment is represented by axial load times
eccentricity.
𝑴𝑴
𝑷𝑷 𝒆𝒆 =
𝑴𝑴 𝑷𝑷

∅𝑴𝑴𝒏𝒏 ≥ 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖
∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 ≥ 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖

Column Subjected to Eccentric Load

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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 5
Strain Compatibility & Interaction Diagrams
Column Subjected to Eccentric Load

𝒆𝒆
𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝑨𝑨′𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇′𝒔𝒔 − 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔
𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏
𝑴𝑴𝒏𝒏 = 𝑒𝑒 × 𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏

𝑴𝑴𝒏𝒏
𝒉𝒉 𝒂𝒂 𝒉𝒉
= �𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 − ′ ′
+ 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔 − 𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
𝒉𝒉 𝒆𝒆
+ 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔 𝒅𝒅 − �
𝟐𝟐
Loaded Column

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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 6
Strain Compatibility & Interaction Diagrams
𝒆𝒆
Column Size: 𝒂𝒂 × 𝒉𝒉 𝒉𝒉 𝒉𝒉
𝒅𝒅 − − 𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐

∈′𝒔𝒔 ∈𝒖𝒖
∈𝒔𝒔 𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
𝒄𝒄
𝒅𝒅 𝑨𝑨′𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇′𝒔𝒔
𝒉𝒉 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔
𝒂𝒂
Strain Distribution at Section a-a 𝒉𝒉 𝒂𝒂
−
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
Stresses & Forces at Nominal Strength
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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 7
Strain Compatibility & Interaction Diagrams
Interaction Diagram
A better approach, providing the basis for practical design, is to construct a
strength interaction diagram defining the failure load and failure moment for a
given column for the full range of eccentricities from zero to infinity.

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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 8
Strain Compatibility & Interaction Diagrams
For a given column, selected for trail, the
interaction diagram is most easily constructed

- by selecting successive choices of neutral axis

distance c,
- from infinity (axial load with eccentricity 0) to
a very small value found by trial to give Pn = 0
(pure bending).
- for each selected value of c, the steel strains
and stresses and the concrete force are easily
calculated as follows.

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M. S. Hasan
Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 9
Strain Compatibility & Interaction Diagrams
For the Tension steel,
𝒅𝒅 − 𝒄𝒄 𝒅𝒅 − 𝒄𝒄
∈𝒔𝒔 = ∈𝒖𝒖 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔 = ∈𝒖𝒖 𝑬𝑬𝒔𝒔 ≤ 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄

For the compression steel,

𝒄𝒄 − 𝒅𝒅𝒅
∈′𝒔𝒔 = ∈𝒖𝒖
𝒄𝒄 ∈′𝒔𝒔 ∈𝒖𝒖
𝒄𝒄 − 𝒅𝒅𝒅 ∈𝒔𝒔 𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒇𝒇′𝒔𝒔 = ∈𝒖𝒖 𝑬𝑬𝒔𝒔 ≤ 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒄𝒄
𝒄𝒄 𝒅𝒅
𝒉𝒉
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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 10
Strain Compatibility & Interaction Diagrams

The depth of Concrete Stress block

𝒂𝒂 = 𝜷𝜷𝟏𝟏 𝒄𝒄 ≤ 𝒉𝒉
∈′𝒔𝒔 ∈𝒖𝒖
∈𝒔𝒔 𝒅𝒅𝒅
And consequently the concrete 𝒄𝒄
𝒅𝒅
compressive resultant is 𝒉𝒉

𝑪𝑪 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂

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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 11
Strain Compatibility & Interaction Diagrams

BALANCED FAILURE

[𝒄𝒄 = 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂 ]

∈𝒖𝒖
𝒄𝒄 = 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂 = 𝒅𝒅 ∈′𝒔𝒔 ∈𝒖𝒖
∈𝒖𝒖 +∈𝒚𝒚
∈𝒔𝒔 𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒄𝒄
𝒅𝒅
𝒂𝒂 = 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝜷𝜷𝟏𝟏 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂 𝒉𝒉

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Combined Bending and Axial Loads
Column strength interaction diagram.

Example:
A 12 × 20 in. column is reinforced with 4 # 9 (No. 29)
bars of area 1.0 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖2 each, one in each corner. The
concrete cylinder strength is 4000 psi and the steel yield
strength is 60 ksi.

Determine:
(a) the load 𝑃𝑃𝑏𝑏 , moment 𝑀𝑀𝑏𝑏 , and corresponding
eccentricity 𝑒𝑒𝑏𝑏 for balanced failure.

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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 13
Combined Bending and Axial Loads
𝒆𝒆

cross section

𝒂𝒂 varies
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝑨𝑨′𝒔𝒔
𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
strain distribution
𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
∈′𝒔𝒔 𝑨𝑨′𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇′𝒔𝒔
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔

∈𝒔𝒔 𝒄𝒄 varies
stresses and forces

𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟓

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Combined Bending and Axial Loads

Solution: 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎
∈𝒖𝒖 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∈𝒚𝒚 = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
∈𝒖𝒖 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒄𝒄 = 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂 = 𝒅𝒅 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖 × = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑 𝒊𝒊𝒏𝒏
∈𝒖𝒖 +∈𝒚𝒚 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟏

𝒂𝒂 = 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝜷𝜷𝟏𝟏 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟖𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝜷𝜷𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖

The balanced failure condition is: 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔 = 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚

The compressive steel 𝒄𝒄 − 𝒅𝒅𝒅

𝒇𝒇′𝒔𝒔 = ∈𝒖𝒖 𝑬𝑬𝒔𝒔 ≤ 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
stress can be found via: 𝒄𝒄
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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 15
Combined Bending and Axial Loads
𝒄𝒄 − 𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒇𝒇′𝒔𝒔 = ∈𝒖𝒖 𝑬𝑬𝒔𝒔 ≤ 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝒄𝒄
𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑 − 𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟖
𝒇𝒇′𝒔𝒔 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 × ≅ 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝒌𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒊 ≤ 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑

It is confirming that the compression steel,

too, is at the yield.

The concrete compressive resultant is,

𝑪𝑪 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 × 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟖𝟖. 𝟖𝟖𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐
≅ 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌𝒊𝒊𝒌𝒌𝒔𝒔
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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 16
Combined Bending and Axial Loads
The balanced load 𝑷𝑷𝒂𝒂 :

𝑷𝑷𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌

𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐

𝒉𝒉 𝒂𝒂 𝒉𝒉 𝒉𝒉
𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 − ′ ′
+ 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔 − 𝒅𝒅𝒅 + 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔 𝒅𝒅 −
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐

𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖. 𝟖𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎

= 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐 × − + 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟖 + 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖 −
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐

𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂 ≅ 35 … . 𝑘𝑘 − 𝒊𝒊𝒏𝒏 ≅ 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒌 − 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇

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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 17
Combined Bending and Axial Loads
The corresponding Load and Moment is

𝑷𝑷𝒂𝒂 ≅ 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌𝒊𝒊𝒌𝒌𝒔𝒔 𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂 ≅ 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒌 − 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇

The Eccentricity is

𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟏𝟏

𝒆𝒆𝒂𝒂 = 𝒆𝒆𝒂𝒂 = ≅ 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
𝑷𝑷𝒂𝒂 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐
≅ 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟑𝟑 𝒊𝒊𝒏𝒏
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 Rest of the Calculation can be done
by following the Reference.

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Assoc.
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Miah Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete - II 20