III.

Spanish Colonial
(1521-1898)
Style and Culture
Religious Art, Lowland
Christian Art or Folk art
Lowland Christian
Architecture
Art
Sculpting Engraving
Music
Literature
Theater
Visual Art
 Architecture
1. Plaza Complex
The complex was designed as the
town center and consisted of the
municipio or local government
office and church
 Architecture
2. Cruciform Churches
Following the shape of the Latin
cross churches were built
Cruciform Churches
 Architecture
3. Baroque Style
Characterized by grandeur,
drama, elaborate details that
purposely appealed to the
emotions
Baroque comes
from the
Portuguese
word “barocco”
which means
irregularly
shaped pearl.
 Architecture
Seen in San Agustin Church in
Manila, Morong Church in Rizal,
Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte and
Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church
in Miag-ao Ilo-Ilo
Baroque Style
 Architecture
3. Colonial Baroque or Philippine or
Tropical Baroque
Fusion of both native and
European elements
 Architecture
To suit the native's sensibilities local
intervention was made. The facade of Miag-
ao Church features St. Christopher
surrounded by reliefs or “relleves” having
tropical motifs life palm fronds and papaya
trees
 Architecture
The use of adobe, limestone or brick and the
construction of thick buttresses or wing-like
projections reinforce the church structure to
make it more resistant to Earthquakes
Sculpting Engraving
1. Santos
From Western model to
Chinese features and
techniques with Greek
and Roman classical
influence
 Santos
Greek and Roman classical influence is seen in
the proportion and formality of expression of a
santo and baroque style in the expressive and
emotional characteristics of the santo.
Sculpting Engraving
2. Retablo
Integrates architecture and sculpture and is often
embellished with rosettes, scrolls, pediments and
solomonic columns which may be gilded or
polychromed
Retablo
Sculpting Engraving
1. Via Crucis
series of 14 paintings or relief
structures depicting Christ's
crucifixion resurrection
Sculpting Engraving
2. Trompe l'oeil
a French word meaning “fooling
the eye” it refers to painting that
gives a heightened illusion of
three- dimensionality
Trompe L'oeil
Sculpting Engraving
3. Relleves
Carved figurative
protrusions
Relleves
Sculpting Engraving
4. Plateria
organic designs of
hammered silver
 Music
1. Western Musical
Instruments:
Pipe organ, violin,
guitar, & piano
 Music
2. Catholic Liturgical
Music
Introduced in 1742 by
the then Archbishop of
Manila Juan Rodriguez
Angel
 Music
The Santo Domingo and
San Agustin convents taught
choral music to young boys
including Filipino composers
like Marcelo Ardonay (1848-
1928)
 Music
3. Pasyon or Pabasa
Biblical narration of
Christ's passion
chanted in improvised
melody
 Music
4. Awit and Corrido
Musical forms were
chanted stories based
on European Literature
and history
 Music
5. Balitao
Sentimental love songs
 Music
5. Kundiman
usually spoke of
resignation and fatalism
became a vehicle for
resistance
 Music
Kundiman ni Abdon, a
kundiman which
became a feature of
protests actions against
Martial Law and Bayan
Ko
 Literature
Among Mangyans of Mindoro bamboo poles are turn
into smaller nodes and are etched with Baybayin used
to compose short poems of courtship and emotional
concerns Baybayin pre-colonial writing system.
 Literature
In Ticao, Masbate a huge stone was
discovered that contained baybayin writing
believed to be an invocation for a safe
journey by sea.
 Literature
1. Catechism and
Prayer books
 Theater
1. Religious Processions
Zarzuela or Sarsuwela
Senakulo
Komedya
Moro-moro
 Processions
Earliest forms of theater were replaced by the
pomp and pageantry of religious processions
complete with embellished carrozas containing
religious tableaus of Catholic saints and
scenes from the Bible
 Zarzuela
A popular form of musical theater from Spain
imported during the 19th century it is an opera
which features singing and dancing
interspersed with prose dialogue which allowed
the story to be carried out in song
 Zarzuela
Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan are
the most distinguished playwrights of their day
and Honorata “Atang” dela Rama (National
Artist for Theater and Music,awarded 1987) as
their most celebrated leading actress
 Senakulo
Written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen its
narrative was culled entirely from the Biblical
account of Christ's passion and death on the
cross adapted into verse form and translated
into local language.
 Komedya
Depicts the conflict between the Muslims and
Christians.
1. Komedya de Santo or Religious Komedya
2. Secular Komedya
-Moro-moro
Folk Music and Dance
Cariñosa
Pandanggo
Polka
Dansa
Rigodon
 Secular Art
1.Carta Hydrographica y
Chorographica de las Yslas
Filipinas
The first scientific map of the
Philippines
In 1734 the Jesuit Priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde
collaborated with artists Francisco Suarez and
engraver Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay to make Carta
Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas
Filipinas they were the first to acknowledge their
role as artist.
Other known engravers include Laureano Atlas and
Felipe Sevilla who produced religious images
Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas
Filipinas
 2.Flora de Filipinas
an extensive compilation of
Philippine plants by Augustinian
botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco
 Visual Arts
1. Heaven, Earth, and Hell (1850)
a mural by Jose Dans in Paete Church
Laguna
2. Two versions of San Cristobal
3. Basi Revolt Esteban Villanueva
 The opening of Manila to
international trade and the Suez
Canal in 1869 gained economic
benefits for the native elites
Religious art persisted like:
1. Music
development inside the church
through Marcelo Adonay and his
compositions based on the
Western tradition.
Religious art persisted like:

2. Viriña
a bell shaped glass where santos
are placed
 Religious art persisted like:

3. Urna
a humble domestic version of
retablo often attributed to the artists
of Visayan region
The rise of new elite in art
1. Bahay na bato
2. Paintings
 Paintings
1. Miniaturist Style
meticulous details that signify the
wealth and refinement of the sitter
 Paintings
Portrait of the Quiazon Family 1800
documents the family's affluence: the
magnificent interior of the family's house,
the mother's jewelry the delicate fabric
and embroidery of their clothing and their
dignified poses
 Painting
Other known painters of the same style
are Antonio Malantic, Isidro Arceo,
Dionisio De Castro, and Justiniano
Asuncion
 Paintings
2. Letras y Figuras
combining names of individuals
and vignettes of everyday life
 Paintings
Jose Honorato
Lozano
 Paintings
3. Academic Paintings
championed European academic
styles
 Paintings
In 1821 Damian Domingo established the
first art school in the country right at his
studio in Binondo Manila,Academia de
Dibujo, which eventually became absorbed
by Real Sociedad Economica Filipina de
Amigos del Pais where he serve as director
 Paintings
Features chiaroscuro or the play of light and
the dark and the contrast between them to
heighten the compositon's sense of drama
 Paintings
Juan Luna won gold for Spoliarium and Felix
Hidalgo won silver for “Virgenes Christianas”
Expuestas Al Populacho in Madrid Exposition.
 Paintings
Virgenes Christianas
Expuestas Al
Populacho currently on
long-term loan to
National Art Gallery in
Singapore is a part of
the Metropolitan
Museum of Manila or
MET Collection
 Paintings
Spoliarium may be
viewed at the
National Art
Gallery of the
Philippines
 Paintings
España y Filipinas
is at the Lopez
Museum
 Paintings
3. Genre Paintings
Painting of scenes from everyday
life, of ordinary people in work or
recreation, depicted in a generally
realistic manner.
 Paintings
Simon Flores' Primeras Letras
1890
ACTIVITIES
FIGURAS Y LETRAS
(FIGURES & LETTERS)