Paddington Academy

AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY

PAPER 1

PRACTICE PAPER 1
Answer all questions

Max 80 marks

Name ……………………………………………………………..

Mark ……../80 ……....% Grade ………

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1.     (a)     State the relative charge and relative mass of a proton, of a neutron and of an electron.
In terms of particles, explain the relationship between two isotopes of the same element.
Explain why these isotopes have identical chemical properties.

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(7)

(b)     Define the term relative atomic mass. An element exists as a mixture of three isotopes.
Explain, in detail, how the relative atomic mass of this element can be calculated from
data obtained from the mass spectrum of the element.

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(7)
(Total 14 marks)

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2.      Under suitable conditions magnesium will react with dilute nitric acid according to the following
equation.

Mg(s) + 2HNO (aq) → Mg(NO ) (aq) + H (g)

3 3 2 2

A 0.0732 g sample of magnesium was added to 36.4 cm of 0.265 mol dm nitric acid. The acid
3 –3

was in excess.

(a)     (i)      Calculate the amount, in moles, of magnesium in the 0.0732 g sample.

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(1)

(ii)     Hence calculate the amount, in moles, of nitric acid needed to react completely with
this sample of magnesium.

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(1)

(iii)     Calculate the amount, in moles, of nitric acid originally added to this sample of
magnesium.

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(iv)    Hence calculate the amount, in moles, of nitric acid that remains unreacted.

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(b)     In a second experiment, 0.512 mol of hydrogen gas was produced when another sample
of magnesium reacted with dilute nitric acid. Calculate the volume that this gas would
occupy at 298 K and 96 kPa. Include units in your final answer.
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K mol ) –1 –1

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(c)     Concentrated nitric acid reacts with magnesium to form an oxide of nitrogen which
contains 30.4% by mass of nitrogen.

Calculate the empirical formula of this oxide of nitrogen. Show your working.

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(3)
(Total 10 marks)

3.       Iodine and graphite are both solids. When iodine is heated gently a purple vapour is seen.
Graphite will not melt until the temperature reaches 4000 K. Graphite conducts electricity but
iodine is a very poor conductor of electricity.

(a)     State the type of crystal structure for each of iodine and graphite.

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(2)

(b)     Describe the structure of and bonding in graphite and explain why the melting point of
graphite is very high.

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(c)     Explain why iodine vaporises when heated gently.

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(2)

(d)     State why iodine is a very poor conductor of electricity.

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(1)
(Total 9 marks)

4.          The table below contains some standard enthalpy of formation data.
 
Substance C(s) N (g)
2 H O(g)
2 CO (g)
2 NH NO (s)
4 3

ΔH / kJ mol
f
–1 0 0 –242 –394 –365

(a)     Why are the values of the standard enthalpy of formation for carbon and nitrogen zero?

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(1)

(b)     State Hess’s Law.

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(c)     Use H data from the table to calculate a value for the enthalpy change for the following
f

reaction.

NH NO (s)  + 
4 3 C(s)  →  N (g)  +  2H O(g)  + 
2 2 CO (g)2

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(3)
(Total 6 marks)

5.      The study of equilibrium constants enables chemists to calculate the composition of equilibrium
mixtures.

(a)     The expression for an equilibrium constant, K , for a homogeneous equilibrium is given
c

below.

K =
c

(i)      Write an equation for the forward reaction.

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(ii)     Deduce the units of K c

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(iii)     State what can be deduced from the fact that the value of K is larger when the c

equilibrium is established at a lower temperature.

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(3)

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(b)     When a 0.218 mol sample of hydrogen iodide was heated in a flask of volume V dm , the 3

following equilibrium was established at 700 K.

2HI(g)  H (g) + I (g)

2 2

The equilibrium mixture was found to contain 0.023 mol of hydrogen.

(i)      Calculate the number of moles of iodine and the number of moles of hydrogen
iodide in the equilibrium mixture.

Number of moles of iodine ..................................................................

Number of moles of hydrogen iodide ..................................................

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(ii)     Write an expression for K for the equilibrium.

c

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(iii)     State why the volume of the flask need not be known when calculating a value for
c K.

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(iv)    Calculate the value of K at 700 K. c

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(v)     Calculate the value of K at 700 K for the equilibrium

c

H (g) + I (g)
2 2  2HI(g)

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(7)
(Total 10 marks)

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6. A laboratory technician discovered four badly−labelled bottles, each containing one pure white
solid. Each bottle contained a compound of a different Group 2 metal (magnesium, calcium,
strontium and barium).

Some tests were carried out on the solids or, if the compound was soluble, on the aqueous
solution. The results are given in the table.
 
  Test Compound 1 Compound 2 Compound 3 Compound 4

Added to
  Dissolves Insoluble Dissolves Dissolves
water

Gives off
Solution
Solution or Solution carbon dioxide Solution
remains
  solid added to remains gas and a remains
colourless and
HCl(aq) colourless colourless colourless
heat released
solution forms

Solution or Solution gives Solution gives Solution has

Solid remains
  solid added to a white a slight white no visible
insoluble
NaOH(aq) precipitate precipitate change

Gives off
Solution
Solution or Solution has carbon dioxide Solution forms
slowly forms a
  solid added to no visible gas and a a white
slight white
H2SO4(aq) change white solid precipitate
precipitate
remains

(a)     One of the bottles has a very faint label that could be read as ‘Magnesium Sulfate’.

Use the information in the table to deduce which one of the four compounds is
magnesium sulfate and explain your answer.

Compound .....................................................................................................

Explanation ....................................................................................................

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(3)

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(b)     The bottle containing Compound 2 has a ‘TOXIC’ hazard symbol.

Use the information in the table to identify Compound 2.

Explain both observations in the reaction with H2SO4(aq).

Identity of Compound 2 ................................................................................

Explanation ....................................................................................................

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(3)

(c)     Identify the compound that is strontium hydroxide.

Give an equation for the reaction of strontium hydroxide with sulfuric acid.

Compound .....................................................................................................

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Equation ........................................................................................................

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(2)
(Total 8 marks)

7. Chlorine is a powerful oxidising agent.

(a)     Write the simplest ionic equation for the reaction between chlorine and aqueous
potassium bromide.

State what is observed when this reaction occurs.

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(b)     Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine and cold, dilute, aqueous sodium
hydroxide.

Give a major use for the solution that is formed by this reaction.

Give the IUPAC name of the chlorine-containing compound formed in this reaction in
which chlorine has an oxidation state of +1.

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(c)     Write an equation for the equilibrium reaction that occurs when chlorine gas reacts with
cold water.

Give one reason why chlorine is used for the treatment of drinking water even though the
gas is very toxic.

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(d)     State how you could test a sample of water to show that it contains chloride ions.

In your answer, give a reagent, one observation and the simplest ionic equation for the
reaction with the reagent.

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(3)
(Total 10 marks)

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8. Which one of the following has the most covalent character?

A       MgF2

B       MgBr2

C       AlF3

D       AlBr3
(Total 1 mark)

9. Use the information below to answer this question.

A saturated solution of magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, contains 0.1166 g of Mg(OH)2 in 10.00

dm3 of solution. In this solution the magnesium hydroxide is fully dissociated into ions.

The equilibrium constant expression for the dissolving of magnesium hydroxide is

K = [Mg2+] [OH−]2. In a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2 at a different temperature, the concentration
of hydroxide ions is 1.0 × 10−3 mol dm−3.

Which one of the following has the correct value and units for K under these conditions?

A       1.0 × 10−6 mol2 dm−6

B       5.0 × 10−7 mol2 dm−6

C       1.0 × 10−9 mol3 dm−9

D       5.0 × 10−10 mol3 dm−9

(Total 1 mark)

10. Which one of the following is the electronic configuration of an element with a maximum
oxidation state of +5?

A       1s2 2s2 2p5

B       1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1

C       1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3

D       1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2

(Total 1 mark)

11. Which one of the following is the electron arrangement of the strongest reducing agent?

A       1s2 2s2 2p5

B       1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

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C       1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

D       1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

(Total 1 mark)

12. Which one of the following is a redox reaction?

A       2CrO + 2H+ → Cr2O + H2O

B       3Cl2 + 6OH− → 5Cl− + ClO + 3H2O

C       HNO3 + 2H2SO4 → NO + H3O+ + 2HSO

D       CaCO3 + SiO2 → CaSiO3 + CO2

(Total 1 mark)

13. Photochromic glass contains silver ions and copper ions. A simplified version of a redox
equilibrium is shown below. In bright sunlight the high energy u.v. light causes silver atoms to
form and the glass darkens. When the intensity of the light is reduced the reaction is reversed
and the glass lightens.

Cu+(s) + Ag+(s) Cu2+(s) + Ag(s)

clear glass                  dark glass

When the photochromic glass darkens

A       the Ag+ ion is acting as an electron donor.

B       the Cu+ ion is acting as a reducing agent.

C       the Ag+ ion is oxidised.

D       the Cu+ ion is reduced.

(Total 1 mark)

14. Which one of the following is not a redox reaction?

A       Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O → SO + 4H+ + 2Br−

B       SnCl2 + HgCl2 → Hg + SnCl4

C       Cu2O + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + Cu + H2O

D       2CrO + 2H+ → Cr2O + H2O

(Total 1 mark)

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15. In which one of the following reactions do two H ions and one electron have to be added to the
left-hand side in order to balance the equation?

A       CH3CHO → CH3CH2OH

B       VO2+ → V3+ + H2O

C       NO → HNO2 + H2O

D       HOCl →   Cl2 + H2O

(Total 1 mark)

16. Which one of the following is not a redox reaction?

A       TiO2 + 2Cl2 + C → TiCl4 + CO2

B       MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

C       MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O

D       3MnO + 4H+ → 2MnO + MnO2 + 2H2O

(Total 1 mark)

17. Which equation does not involve the reduction of a transition metal compound?

A       Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

B       TiO2 + 2C + 2Cl2 → TiCl4 + 2CO

C       Cr2O3 + 2Al → 2Cr + Al2O3

D       TiCl4 + 4Na → Ti + 4NaCl

(Total 1 mark)

18. An aqueous solution of a sodium salt gave no precipitate when treated with either silver nitrate
solution or barium chloride solution. Which one of the following could be the formula of the
sodium salt?

A       NaI

B       Na2SO4

C       NaBr

D       NaF
(Total 1 mark)

19. Which one of the following statements is correct?

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A       The first ionisation energies of the elements in Period 3 show a general decrease from
sodium to chlorine.

B       The electronegativities of Group 2 elements decrease from magnesium to barium.

C       The strength of the intermolecular forces increases from hydrogen fluoride to hydrogen
chloride.

D       The ability of a halide ion to act as a reducing agent decreases from fluoride to iodide.
(Total 1 mark)

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20. Which one of the following solutions would not give a white precipitate when added to barium
chloride solution?

A       silver nitrate solution

B       dilute sulphuric acid

C       sodium sulphate solution

D       sodium nitrate solution

(Total 1 mark)

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