Alge K.

Anjan Kumar
Assgnment 8U2cSENOIO0566
and monoid.
Dene group, semigroup and
Arb rOuPA group is a Set combined 2o7h a binar
operation, Such that it connects any a elements
a sct to Produce a 3rd elemenb

Salisltes
elosure, Associabiue, identuy
element and invese la.

mi grouP
h e seb n Saistes ionby 'tlosurè law
and Associative laus, hen i s called semi
group.
Monoid
Asemigroup (s,) wih identi fy elermen
w.r. is Knoun as monoid Let G be non
.

a
Crnpby 5et whieh en operatton denoted by i is
n

deined shich satisfres CloSure, associative,

Proferties Tderttby |
eb Cn be
group or a,be PT(a6):6"a
a

ProG is a roup. Let e be an enttin G

a,6 c ab e 6 aeG,
6"e
abe G'ab" ¬G
Noud
lab) (ab") -a[6 (6"a)]Cassociative)
a(b6) a"
 6 ) (ab) -b"(a" (ab1)

6taa)b-"(eb)
bbe -e
(ab) (6a) -(b"a)(akb). e
Cab)" b'a
J-lence Proved.
a . is he Seb all postive rationat numbers and
for ab¬ Q e have operations.
Show Hat a.b ab
coure ab E + a.b =a
Since ab e A+ and so, ab e at

Associatioiby
a,b.c e at (a.6).c =a.(b.c)
nce a.b).c - C

a-(b.c)
Existance Ldentüty:
let ae at leb ecat i., e.a
-a. cao
3
ea 3a= 0 a (a-3)-
e 3
(a to)
Clea a.e ae
3 X3 =a
e is an
element in at i.c., ea:
e he sdenuly elemeal in qt ae =aa
 Exisbence inuerse
2et acQ+, let be a* Such hat a.b e.

3 6 9/a (a+o)
For evey atat, e a ie, a. .a e
Prove hat Set mabices
Aa cos Sinat
Sind teR orms a
Sin roup .r.t

mabr multiplicaüon i Cos e Cos e -

e ¬R G A l *eR}
closure:
Ag A ¬G
=AA EG
Since
COS -Sin CosB
AAp - sfnp
sind COS Sinf
Cos &
CosP
Cosß -Sind Sinp -(sind
Cos sind +Cosd Cosß +Cossinp) ||
Sinß
Cos&Cos ß-Sindsinß
cos (d) Sin
(e+)
Sin ( + Cos (d+P)
Associalie
A.Ag Aa CG (A.A») Ay A. (Ap A»)

Since -Sin
(A Pe)A Ces aP) -Sin(P)cos
Sin(P) cos(aP)sin Cos

Cos(+B-2)-Sin (tP+8)
5in (+B Y)
cosP+)
nd A(PaAs)
hd A(ApAs)-co -Sind cosB+8)Sin(A+8)
Ssin CosSin (B+) cos(p)
Cos(+p+3) -Sin (a+P+Y)
Sin (tB+) cos (+)
Exokgne identiy
A Cos o -Stno o

Stno COSO

claarly AAo A, Aa
A
Ao - s he identfy element in

Eristenee inerse

StnceAa) =Sin'd +Cos

Aais nen Singular
Inverse A exists in 6 a it is A adj(A)
= cos Sind| :A a n d - 6 Al
-Sin

A EG (-c)
-ca
A A A.A Ao
G s a grouP under matix multiticalion.
 weete

6 Dee Complex, Siubgroup, Coset

AnComplex: s caled a
group
An
An ubsek a

Complex
Subgyoup
Let (G,) be a roup let t be
a non erm pt,
S bsc G Such tha ; *) be a
qroup. he0
14 s called a
subgroup G.
Coset
Le (H) be a
Bubgroup
ter aeG, hen the group (G,.)
e a ah/heH} is called
e cose in G,
generated b o
ANso an ,Ha are ealled Eoset H
bya irn 6. generated

Criterian for the Product suhgroups to be a

Sub aouP

Theorem
AH kare subgroups o a qroup then
a
H s a
Subgroup 6if HK =kt.
Let H,k be
an 5ubgroups oG
Hk-KH is
subgroup o
a

So it's
sukcient to proue (Hk) (HK)"= Hk
(14x) (H) - (nk) (kx' r)
H (kk") H-'
 HKH (Ku)H*
H HH)
XH Hk

nienunien and inkersection a subgroup.

So eorem- H, H are a Subgroups a groupG
hen HaH is also a Subgroup .

roe H, GHa be aSubgroups

let e be the identity Subgroup of 6
e e H & eEH2
Let qe H, 0 be HiaH2
.aeH aeH2 E bEH ,beH2
Sinte 7s a
5ubgroup aGH E, beH,
aben
Simlarby ab eH abeH,nH2
.Tus' we håue ae HoH2 ,beH,
.HOH is
0H >ab'¢ Hh aH,
a
Subgroup .