I.

MATRICES & ITS OPERATIONS

Matrix- is a rectangular array of numbers in the form

Kinds of Matrix
Square matrix- an array of numbers having the same number of
columns and rows
Diagonal matrix- every term off the main diagonal is 0
Scalar matrix- all terms on the main diagonal are equal
Equal matrices- matrices having the corresponding elements equal
Zero matrix- zero entries
Identity matrix- elements in the main diagonal are all 1 and every
term of the main goal is 0
Coefficient matrix- containing only the coefficient of the system
Constant matrix- all entries are constants
Augmented matrix- constant is adjoining to the coefficient matrix
Leading entry of a matrix- the first non-zero entry in that row,
starting from the left
MATRIX OPERATIONS
Matrix Addition and Subtraction - two or more matrices can
added and subtracted provided that those matrices have the same
number of rows and the same number of columns, i.e. only matrices
of the same size
Matrix Multiplication - the product of two matrices is possible if
and only if the number of columns of the first matrix is exactly the
same as the number of rows of the second
Scalar Multiplication - obtained by multiplying each element
Transpose of a matrix - determined by interchanging rows and
columns
 II. MATRIX OPERATIONS AND ITS PROPERTIES
Algebraic Properties of Matrix Operations - simply rules that
guide us on what to do and what not to do when working with
matrices
Properties of Matrix Additions and Scalar Multiplication
1. Commutative Property of Addition - two matrices has the
same size and we can do the addition of matrix
2. Associative Property of Addition - matrix has the same
number of sizes, we can do the addition of matrix
3. Associative Property of Scalar Multiplication -

4. Multiplicative Property -
5. Distributive Property -
PROPERTIES OF MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
1. Associative Property of Multiplication - matrices with sizes
such that has the given matrix products are defined
2. Distributive Property -
PROPERTIES OF TRANSPOSES
 III. SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
Solution set- set of all solutions of a linear equation
Parametric representation - describe the entire solution set of a
linear equation
Solution set of the system - set of all solutions of a linear system
SOLVING SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS USING
BACK-SUBSTITUTION IN ROW-ECHELON FORM
“Back-substitution in Row-Echelon Form” - another method in
solving system of linear equations
Gaussian elimination - rewriting a system of linear equations in
row- echelon form usually involves a chain of equivalent systems,
each of which is obtained by using one of the three basic operations
Carl Friedrich Gauss(1777-1855) - German mathematicians

IV. REDUCED ROW ECHELON FORM

Echelon - also known as the row canonical form which looks like
a stair-case form of a matrix
Gaussian elimination - main use of the row echelon form
Reduced Row Echelon Form - called as the Gaussian elimination
- main use of the row echelon form
as what stated in the previous slide to be able to solve the systems of
linear equations

V. GAUSS-JORDAN REDUCTION
Gauss-Jordan Reduction - special method that involves
systematically eliminating variables from equations
 VI. HOMOGENOUS SYSTEMS
Homogenous System - system of linear equations where all the
constant terms are zeros

VII. THE INVERSE OF A MATRIX

The Inverse of a Matrix plays a very significant role in linear
algebra as a course most especially if we are solving certain system
of linear equations

VIII. CRYPTO
Cryptography - the process of coding and decoding messages
derived from the Greek word kryptos, meaning “hidden”

DETERMINANTS
Determinant - is a number associated with every square matrix.
It is a tool used in many branches of mathematics, science, and
engineering.

COFACTOR EXPANSIONS