HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part IV Acids and bases

Chemistry: Chapter 18 Salts and neutralization

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 18 Salts and neutralization

Multiple-choice questions

Section 18.1
|!|CMEMF0041800001|!| |!|CSEMF0041800001|!|
Which of the following is NOT a neutralization reaction?
A. ZnO(s) + H2SO4(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
B. Cu(OH)2(s) + 2H+(aq)  Cu2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)
C. H+(aq) + OH(aq)  H2O(l)
D. Fe3+(aq) + 3OH(aq)  Fe(OH)3(s)

##D This reaction is a precipitation reaction.##

|!|CMEMF0041800002|!| |!|CSEMF0041800002|!|
Which of the following is/are neutralization reactions?
(1) CH3COOH + NaOH  CH3COONa+ + H2O
(2) Zn + 2H2SO4  ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
(3) 2HNO3 + K2CO3  2KNO3 + CO2 + H2O
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##A The products of neutralization are salt and water only.##

|!|CMEMF0041800003|!| |!|CSEMF0041800003|!|
Which of the following substances can neutralize an alkaline solution?
A. Sulphur dioxide
B. Sodium sulphate
C. Sodium hydrogencarbonate
D. Carbon monoxide

##A##

|!|CMEMF0041800004|!| |!|CSEMF0041800004|!|
Which of the following ionic equations represents the neutralization reaction between

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potassium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid?

A. K+ + Cl  KCl
B. HCl + OH  H2O + Cl
C. K+ + HCl  KCl + H+
D. H+ + OH  H2O

##D In neutralization, hydrogen ions combine with hydroxide ions to form water.##

|!|CMEMF0041800005|!| |!|CSEMF0041800005|!|
Which of the following substances could be used to distinguish between potassium
chloride solution and potassium carbonate solution?
A. Dilute potassium hydroxide solution
B. Blue litmus solution
C. Dilute sulphuric acid
D. Sodium chloride solution

##C Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with potassium carbonate solution to give carbon
dioxide but not with potassium chloride solution.
H2SO4(aq) + K2CO3(aq)  K2SO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)##

|!|CMEMF0041800006|!| |!|CSEMF0041800006|!|
Which of the following methods can be used to distinguish between a table salt
solution and a sugar solution?
(1) Measure the electrical conductivity of the solution
(2) Measure the pH of the solution
(3) Perform flame test
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B Sugar solution has a lower electrical conductivity than table salt solution. Both
table salt solution and sugar solution are neutral. Table salt solution contains sodium
ions which gives a golden yellow flame in the flame test.##

|!|CMEMH0041800007|!| |!|CSEMH0041800007|!|
A hydrochloric acid solution has a pH value of 3. Which of the following substances
would increase the pH value of the solution when mixed with it?

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(1) Dilute ammonia solution

(2) Concentrated sulphuric acid
(3) Water
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B Adding ammonia solution will consume H+ ions in HCl(aq). The concentration
of H+ ion decreases and the pH value increases. Adding concentrated sulphuric acid
will increase the concentration of H+ ion and the pH value decreases. Dilution with
water will lower the concentration of H+ ion and the pH value increases.##

|!|CMEMH0041800008|!| |!|CSEMH0041800008|!|
Which of the following chemicals can increase the pH value of limewater when
added to limewater?
(1) NaOH(aq)
(2) H2O(l)
(3) HCl(aq)
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##A Adding NaOH(aq) to limewater would increase the concentration of
hydroxide ions in limewater and the pH value of resultant solution increases.
HCl(aq) neutralizes limewater and the pH value of the resultant solution
decreases.##

|!|CMEMF0041800009|!| |!|CSEMF0041800009|!|
Which of the following statements about the reaction of very dilute nitric acid with
sodium hydrogencarbonate solution is/are correct?
(1) Nitric acid acts as an oxidizing agent.
(2) Nitric acid acts as an acid.
(3) Sodium hydrogencarbonate acts as an alkali.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only

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D. (2) and (3) only


##B KHCO3(aq) + HNO3(aq) → KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
There is no change in the oxidation numbers of the elements in nitric acid and so it is
not an oxidizing agent.##

Section 18.2
|!|CMEMF0041800010|!| |!|CSEMF0041800010|!|
In an experiment, 40 cm3 of 1.5 M ammonia solution is added slowly to 15 cm3 of 2.0
M sulphuric acid. Which of the following statements about this experiment is correct?
(1) The concentration of sulphate ions in the solution remains unchanged at the end
of the experiment.
(2) The pH value of the solution keeps increasing during the experiment.
(3) The temperature of the solution keeps decreasing during the experiment.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B Sulphate ions are spectator ions. Its amount remains unchanged during the
experiment. However, as the volume of the solution increases, the concentration of
sulphate ions decreases. Adding ammonia solution would lower the concentration of
hydrogen ions in the solution. Neutralization is an exothermic reaction.##

|!|CMEMF0041800011|!| |!|CSEMF0041800011|!|
In an experiment, a piece of calcium metal is added to a beaker of water. Which of the
following statements concerning the experiment is correct?
A. The pH value of the solution in the beaker decreases.
B. The beaker and its content becomes colder.
C. The metal floats and burns with a brick-red flame.
D. A clear solution is obtained when excess dilute hydrochloric acid is added to
the resultant solution.

##D Ca(s) + 2H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
Ca(OH)2(aq) is alkaline and so the pH value of the solution in the beaker increases. As
the reaction is exothermic, the beaker and its contents get warmer. Calcium is denser
than water and so it sinks to the bottom of the beaker. When excess dilute
hydrochloric acid is added, calcium chloride, which is soluble in water, forms.##

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|!|CMEMH0041800012|!| |!|CSEMH0041800012|!|
10 cm3 of 1 M potassium hydroxide solution is added to 10 cm3 of acid X and 10 cm3
of acid Y respectively. Which of the following combinations of acids X and Y gives
approximately the same temperature change of the reaction mixture?
X Y
A. 1 M H2SO4 2 M HCl
B. 2 M H2SO4 1 M HCl
C. 1 M H2SO4 2 M CH3COOH
D. 1 M HNO3 2 M HCl

##A Number of moles of H+ in 1 M H2SO4 = 1 mol dm3 × dm3 × 2 = 0.02 mol

Number of moles of H+ in 2 M HCl = 2 mol dm3 × dm3 = 0.02 mol

The numbers of moles of H+ ion in both solutions are the same and the total volumes
of reaction mixtures are the same. The temperature rises are approximately the
same.##

|!|CMEMF0041800013|!| |!|CSEMF0041800013|!|
Which of the following always occur when an acid is neutralized with an alkali?
(1) There is a decrease in pH.
(2) A salt is produced.
(3) Heat is given out.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C##

Section 18.3
|!|CMEMF0041800014|!| |!|CSEMF0041800014|!|
Which of the following combinations is INCORRECT?
Salt Parent acid
A. Sodium carbonate Carbonic acid
B. Lead(II) chloride Hydrochloric acid

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C. Ammonium nitrate Nitric acid

D. Copper(II) sulphide Sulphuric acid

##D The parent acid of copper(II) sulphide is H2S, but not H2SO4.##

|!|CMEMF0041800015|!| |!|CSEMF0041800015|!|
Which of the following statements about salts is INCORRECT?
A. Salts can be prepared by reacting acids with metal oxides.
B. Salts are ionic compounds.
C. Salts can be prepared by neutralizing acids with alkalis.
D. Salts must contain water of crystallization.

##D Anhydrous salts do not contain water of crystallization.##

Section 18.4
|!|CMEMF0041800016|!| |!|CSEMF0041800016|!|
The following equation shows the reaction between copper(II) carbonate and dilute
hydrochloric acid.
CuCO3(u) + 2HCl(aq)  CuCl2(v) + CO2(g) + H2O(w)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
u v w
A. s aq g
B. aq s g
C. aq s l
D. s aq l

##D##

|!|CMEMF0041800017|!| |!|CSEMF0041800017|!|
Which of the following mixtures of three substances dissolves completely in water to
give a clear colourless solution?
A. NaCl, KNO3 and NaNO3
B. NaCl, CaCO3 and KOH
C. Na2CO3, NaOH and AgCl
D. NaOH, Mg(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2

##A CaCO3, AgCl, Mg(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2 are insoluble in water.##

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|!|CMEMH0041800018|!| |!|CSEMH0041800018|!|
Caesium and barium are metals belonging to the same period of the Periodic table.
Which of the following statements concerning caesium and barium is correct?
A. The charges of caesium ion and barium ion are the same.
B. Caesium is less reactive than barium.
C. Caesium sulphate and barium sulphate are both soluble in water.
D. Caesium and barium are good conductors of electricity in solid state.

##D The formulae of caesium ion and barium ion are Cs and Ba respectively.
+ 2+

Caesium is more reactive than barium. Barium sulphate is insoluble in water while
caesium sulphate is soluble in water.##

|!|CMEMF0041800019|!| |!|CSEMF0041800019|!|
Which of the following substances form a precipitate with lead(II) ions?
(1) A few drops of NH3(aq)
(2) A few drops of NaOH(aq)
(3) A few drops of NaHCO3(aq)
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A##

|!|CMEMF0041800020|!| |!|CSEMF0041800020|!|
Which of the following pairs of solutions would produce a precipitate on mixing?
A. Sodium sulphate solution and potassium nitrate solution
B. Magnesium chloride solution and acidified potassium dichromate solution
C. Iron(II) sulphate solution and sodium chloride solution
D. Aluminium nitrate solution and ammonium carbonate solution

##D 2Al3+(aq) + 3CO32(aq)  Al2(CO3)3(s)##

|!|CMEMF0041800021|!| |!|CSEMF0041800021|!|
Which of the following reactions will NOT give a white precipitate?
A. NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)
B. MgSO4(aq) + NaOH(aq)

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C. Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g)
D. CuSO4(aq) + NH3(aq)

##D Copper(II) hydroxide is a blue precipitate.##

|!|CMEMF0041800022|!| |!|CSEMF0041800022|!|
Which of the following salts CANNOT be prepared by the reaction of a metal with a
dilute acid?
A. Silver chloride
B. Zinc sulphate
C. Lead(II) nitrate
D. Iron(II) sulphate

##A Silver is lower than copper in the reactivity series. It does not react with
hydrochloric acid.##

|!|CMEMF0041800023|!| |!|CSEMF0041800023|!|
Which of the following substances is/are suitable for preparing copper(II) chloride by
directly mixing it with dilute hydrochloric acid?
(1) Copper
(2) Copper(II) oxide
(3) Copper(II) sulphate
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B Copper does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid. There is no reaction
between copper(II) sulphate and dilute hydrochloric acid.##

|!|CMEMF0041800024|!| |!|CSEMF0041800024|!|
Which of the following methods is/are suitable to prepare calcium sulphate?
(1) Adding calcium metal to dilute sulphuric acid
(2) Adding limewater to dilute sulphuric acid
(3) Adding limestone to dilute sulphuric acid
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only

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D. (2) and (3) only


##B When dilute sulphuric acid reacts with calcium and limestone, insoluble calcium
sulphate formed would coat on the surface of the solids and prevent them from further
reaction with the acid.##

|!|CMEMF0041800025|!| |!|CSEMF0041800025|!|
Which of the following pairs of compounds CANNOT be used to prepare magnesium
sulphate?
A. Magnesium hydroxide and dilute sulphuric acid
B. Magnesium nitrate and dilute sulphuric acid
C. Magnesium and dilute sulphuric acid
D. Magnesium carbonate and dilute sulphuric acid

##B There is no reaction between magnesium nitrate and dilute sulphuric acid.##

|!|CMEMH0041800026|!| |!|CSEMH0041800026|!|
Which of the following processes is suitable for preparing magnesium chloride
crystals in the school laboratory?
A. Adding excess MgCO3(s) to HCl(aq)
B. Adding MgCO3(s) to excess HCl(aq)
C. Adding excess MgSO4(aq) to HCl(aq)
D. Adding MgSO4(aq) to excess HCl(aq)

##A Excess MgCO3(s) should be added so that the excess reactant can be removed by
filtration.##

|!|CMEMF0041800027|!| |!|CSEMF0041800027|!|
Which of the following salts is best prepared by titration method?
A. Copper(II) chloride
B. Iron(II) sulphate
C. Zinc sulphate
D. Sodium nitrate

##D Sodium nitrate is prepared from a soluble base (e.g. sodium hydroxide) and an
acid (nitric acid). The titration method can only be done with an alkali/ a soluble
carbonate and an acid.##

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|!|CMEMF0041800028|!| |!|CSEMF0041800028|!|
X is a white solid. When dilute sulphuric acid is added to X, colourless gas bubbles
evolve. When mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous solution of X gives
a white precipitate. X is probably
A. magnesium carbonate.
B. ammonium carbonate.
C. sodium chloride.
D. ammonium chloride.

##A##

|!|CMEMF0041800029|!| |!|CSEMF0041800029|!|
Compound X is slightly soluble in water. When the saturated solution of X is mixed
with Na2CO3(aq), a white precipitate forms. X could probably be
A. sodium ethanoate.
B. ammonium chloride.
C. calcium hydroxide.
D. carbon dioxide.

##C Calcium ions form a precipitate with carbonate ions.
Ca2+(aq) + CO32(aq)  CaCO3(s)##

|!|CMEMH0041800030|!| |!|CSEMH0041800030|!|
Compound X dissolves in water to give a clear colourless solution. When a small
amount of aqueous ammonia is added to this solution, a white precipitate forms. The
precipitate dissolves in excess aqueous ammonia. X may probably be
A. AlCl3
B. ZnSO4
C. FeBr3
D. NH4NO3

##B FeBr3 dissolves in water to give a yellow solution. There is no observable
change when aqueous ammonia is added to NH4NO3(aq). Both AlCl3 and ZnSO4
solution will give a white precipitate upon addition of small amount of aqueous
ammonia, but only zinc hydroxide can dissolve in excess aqueous ammonia.##

|!|CMEMF0041800031|!| |!|CSEMF0041800031|!|
Solid X is soluble in cold water. When solution of X is added to dilute sulphuric acid,

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a white precipitate forms. There is no observable change when X is added to acidified

silver nitrate solution. Which of the following compounds could X be?
A. Calcium chloride
B. Calcium nitrate
C. Copper(II) chloride
D. Copper(II) nitrate

##B Calcium nitrate reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to give a white precipitate
(CaSO4). As there is no observable change when X is added to acidified silver nitrate
solution, X is not a chloride.##

|!|CMEMF0041800032|!| |!|CSEMF0041800032|!|
Which of the following salts can be prepared directly by precipitation method?
A. PbSO4
B. K2CO3
C. Ca(NO3)2
D. NH4Cl

##A PbSO4 is insoluble in water. It can be prepared by mixing Pb(NO3)2(aq) with
Na2SO4(aq).##

|!|CMEMF0041800033|!| |!|CSEMF0041800033|!|
Which of the following techniques is/are commonly used in preparing insoluble salts?
(1) Filtration
(2) Titration
(3) Crystallization
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##A##

|!|CMEMF0041800034|!| |!|CSEMF0041800034|!|
Which of the following equations represents a suitable method of preparing the salt
underlined?
A. Mg(OH)2 + Na2SO4  MgSO4 + 2NaOH
B. NH3 + HNO3  NH4NO3

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C. Cu + H2SO4  CuSO4 + H2
D. AgCl + NaNO3  NaCl + AgNO3

##B Titration method can be used to prepare NH4NO3, which is a soluble salt.
Mg(OH)2 is a base and has no reaction with Na2SO4. AgCl is an insoluble salt and
cannot be used to prepare NaCl, which is a soluble salt. Cu does not react with
sulphuric acid to form CuSO4.##

|!|CMEMH0041800035|!| |!|CSEMH0041800035|!|
Barium sulphate can be prepared from barium carbonate in the following process.

HCl(aq) Y
BaCO3 X BaSO4

Which of the following combinations is correct?

X Y
A. BaCl2(aq) CaSO4(s)
B. BaCl2(aq) K2SO4(aq)
C. BaCl2(s) H2SO4(aq)
D. BaCl2(s) K2SO4(aq)

##B Barium sulphate is an insoluble salt. It is prepared by mixing two solutions of
soluble salts (barium chloride and potassium sulphate).##

|!|CMEMF0041800036|!| |!|CSEMF0041800036|!|
Which of the following methods is suitable for preparing calcium carbonate solid?
A. Bubbling carbon dioxide into limewater until it becomes clear and then
evaporating the water by heating.
B. Adding calcium sulphate to sodium carbonate solution and then filtering the
solid formed.
C. Adding potassium carbonate solution to calcium chloride solution and then
filtering the solid formed.
D. Adding carbonic acid to calcium metal until calcium completely dissolves.

##C The precipitate can be obtained by mixing two solutions. One solution contains
the cation (calcium chloride solution) while the other contains the anion of the
insoluble salt (potassium carbonate solution).##

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|!|CMEMH0041800037|!| |!|CSEMH0041800037|!|
Which of the following is the most suitable method for preparing lead(II) sulphate
from lead(II) oxide?
A.
H2SO4(aq)
PbO(s) PbSO4(s)

B.
CuSO4(aq)
PbO(s) PbSO4(s)

C.
HNO3(aq) H2SO4(aq)
PbO(s) Pb(NO3)2(aq) PbSO4(s)

D.
HCl(aq) H2SO4(aq)
PbO(s) PbCl2(aq) PbSO4(s)


##C##

|!|CMEMF0041800038|!| |!|CSEMF0041800038|!|
Two buildings, both using marble as the building material, are located at district P and
district Q respectively. The air pollution in district Q is much more serious than that in
district P. Which of the following statements about the erosion rates of the two
buildings is correct?
A. The two buildings erode at the same rate.
B. The building in district P erodes faster.
C. The building in district Q erodes faster.
D. There is insufficient information to deduce which building erodes faster.

##C Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are common air pollutants. They dissolve in
rainwater to form acids. Calcium carbonate in marbles reacts with acids to give
soluble products, which can be easily washed away.##

|!|CMEMF0041800039|!| |!|CSEMF0041800039|!|
The table below shows the observations of the chemical tests of three ionic
compounds.

Compound Adding barium Adding dilute Flame test

chloride solution hydrochloric acid

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QT A white precipitate No observable A lilac flame is

forms. change produced.
XZ A colourless solution Colourless gas A golden yellow
forms. bubbles evolve. flame is produced.
X2T A white precipitate No observable A golden yellow
forms. change flame is produced.

Which of the following combinations of ions involved is correct?

X Q T Z
A. Calcium ion Sodium ion Carbonate ion Sulphate ion
B. Sodium ion Potassium ion Carbonate ion Hydrogencarbonate ion
C. Potassium ion Sodium ion Sulphate ion Carbonate ion
D. Sodium ion Potassium ion Sulphate ion Hydrogencarbonate ion

##D The results of flame test show that X and Q are sodium ion and potassium ion
respectively. The reaction between XZ and barium chloride solution produces barium
hydrogencarbonate and sodium chloride. Both of them are colourless and soluble in
water.##

Section 18.5
|!|CMEMF0041800040|!| |!|CSEMF0041800040|!|
Which of the following substances can be used to lower the acidity of soil?
A. Calcium phosphate
B. Caustic soda
C. Potassium sulphate
D. Slaked lime

##D Ca(OH)2(s) + 2H (aq)  Ca (aq) + 2H2O(l)##
+ 2+

|!|CMEMH0041800041|!| |!|CSEMH0041800041|!|
In an accident, some hydrochloric acid is spilt out. Which of the following substances,
when added in excess, would neutralize the acid without leaving any alkaline
solution?
A. Sodium nitrate
B. Limewater
C. Calcium carbonate
D. Water


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##C Sodium nitrate and water are neutral and they cannot neutralize an acid.
Limewater is alkaline. However, excess limewater makes the resultant solution
alkaline. Calcium carbonate can neutralize the acid. Any excess calcium carbonate
remains undissolved.##

|!|CMEMF0041800042|!| |!|CSEMF0041800042|!|
Which of the following processes involve neutralization?
(1) Treating industrial liquid waste
(2) Removing rust by acidic cleaners
(3) Manufacture of fertilizer such as ammonium nitrate
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D Rust is hydrated iron(III) oxide, which undergoes neutralization with acids to
give iron(III) chloride and water.##

|!|CMEMF0041800043|!| |!|CSEMF0041800043|!|
Liquid waste from an electroplating factory is acidic. Which of the following
substances should be added to the waste before disposal?
A. Ammonium chloride
B. Calcium hydroxide
C. Sodium chloride
D. Sodium hydroxide

##B##

|!|CMEMF0041800044|!| |!|CSEMF0041800044|!|
Which of the following chemicals can be found in antacids?
(1) CaCO3
(2) Mg(OH)2
(3) NaOH
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)


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##A##

|!|CMEMH0041800045|!| |!|CSEMH0041800045|!|
Which of the following antacid tablets is the best for neutralizing excessive digestive
juice in the stomach?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0, Mg = 24.3, Al = 27.0)
A. A tablet containing 0.5 g of NaOH
B. A tablet containing 0.5 g of Na2O
C. A tablet containing 0.5 g of Mg(OH)2
D. A tablet containing 0.5 g of Al(OH)3

##D NaOH and Na2O are corrosive and they may damage the digestive tract. Al(OH)3
is better because it has a higher number of moles of OH than Mg(OH)2.
Number of moles of OH in 0.5 g of Mg(OH)2

= × 2 = 0.017 mol

Number of moles of OH in 0.5 g of Al(OH)3

= × 3 = 0.019 mol##

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2014 Chapter 18

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