21ST 2ND SEM MIDTERM REVIEWER COVERAGE

LITERATURE
- Derived from the word “litera” (letter)

LITERARY READING THROUGH A BIOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT

- Biography or autobiography
- Belief system
- Connection to his life
- In what year it was written?
- Significant/circumstances during in this time
- Drafts of text
- Character similar to author
 You should not assume that all works are confessional, biographical, or even
“true to life.”
LITERARY READING THROUGH A SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT
- social, economic, political, and cultural forces affecting the work
- relationship of characters in society
- issues of gender, race, or class
- power: economic or social power
- reflects the nation
- prevailing social order? Does the story or poem accept or challenge it?
Literary Theories
MARXISM
- class struggle and materialism
FEMINISM
- role of women in literature
QUEER THEORY
- LGBTQ+
HISTORICISM
- Dealing with history that influences the literature
POSTCOLONIALISM
- Changes of attitude of post colony after the colonial period
NEW HISTORICISM
- How history happened
LITERARY READING THROUGH A LINGUISTIC CONTEXT
- Striking words
- Literary devices
- Verbs etc
- Tone
- Structure (poem..)
- Language
- Theme
- Character of language
PERSPECTIVE
STRUCTURALISM
- relays the texts being examined to a larger structure.
FORMALISM
- new criticism
- focuses on the structure of a particular text
POSTRUCTURALISM
- underlying structures that may have different interpretations

MODES OF ANALYSIS (Daniel J. Kurland, 2000)

 What a text says is the restatement.
 What a text does is the description.
 What a text means is the interpretation.

THREE MAIN GOALS OF CRITICAL READING (KURLAND, 2000)

 Recognize the author’s purpose
 Understand the tone and persuasive elements of the text
 Recognize bias

LITERARY GENRES
ETIOLOGICAL LEGENDS
- explain how things came to be or why things are as they are
- oral tradition
- anonymous authors
EPICS
- narrate the adventures of tribal heroes
- tribal heroes possess traits and values considered ideal by the tribe of origin.
FOLKTALES/FOLKLORE
- oral tradition
- include fables, riddles, proverbs, folk songs, and sometimes superstitious
beliefs
MYTHS
- stories that involve the native pantheon of gods/goddesses
- explain a belief, custom, or strange natural phenomenon

Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocos Region)

- This is an epic about Lam-ang, a man with extraordinary strength, who sets
out to find his missing father Don Juan.