World
2016Congress
World Congress
on Computing
on Computing
and Communication
and Communication
An Application Framework for IoTs enabled Smart
Agriculture Waste Recycle Management System
A.Arun Gnanaraj1, Dr. J. Gnana Jayanthi2
PhD Research Scholar,Dept of Computer Science, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
arun.art06@gmail.com1
Assistant Professor, PG and Research Dept. of Computer Science, Rajah Serfoji Govt. College, Thanjavur, 613005,
Tamilnadu, India. jgnanamtcy@gmail.com 2
Abstract- Agriculture and poultry waste are not managed
properly in the Asian countries. Their practices need to be
automated to improve the cost effective and to reduce waste out of
production. We propose a framework that provides a system to
monitor a green house, poultry and a fish tank. Using raspberry pi
we can monitor and control the environment. IoT sensors and
actuators are the key components to monitor and react for the
environment. This system allows to find the dependency between
the environments and to reuse the waste from one environment to
another. The first aim of the framework is to provide a basic
functionality for controlling the environments. The second objective
is to find the waste dependency between the environments. The
third objective is to provide an extendable framework that can be
utilized in any agriculture related environments.
Keywords : IoT, Poultry Automation, Fish Tank Automation,
Poultry Waste Recycle
I. INTRODUCTION
Waste management refers the actions to manage the
collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste and
monitor. In agriculture the waste management needs to be
handled properly to unlock the potential energy and increase
the profit. The dependency between the different agriculture
areas needs to be identified and the waste in those areas can be
recycled among them to yield the money out of waste. For
example the poultry farms, fish farms and a vegetation farm
has some dependency. In this research we are proposing the
controlled environment for monitor and measure the
dependency of such farms. This controlled environment
framework can be extended to any agriculture farms to study
and analyze the maximum performance. This can be utilized
to extend the season for farms and even in production with the
full automation for lowering the cost.
In this paper the proposed Architecture provides a
comprehensive, end-to-end waste management solution that
could be applied to many poultry management and fish tank
automation. This solution allows us to monitor and maintain
the green farm, poultry and fish tank. This automation will
measure the amount of waste and reduce the cost of
management.
The paper is organized as follows: in section 2 explains the
overview of smart farm, poultry automation and fish tank
automation. In section 3, An Application Framework for IoTs
978-1-5090-5573-9/17 $31.00 © 2017
978-1-5090-5573-9/16 2016 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/WCCCT.2016.11
Technologies
Technologies
(WCCCT)
enabled Smart Agriculture Waste Recycle Management
System is proposed. The dependency between the smart farm,
poultry and fish tank has been analyzed. The different
monitoring sensors and actuators; and the usages has been
discussed. In the Section 4, the conclusions will be drawn.
II. Review of Literature
A. Smart Farm
Smart farming is more important in the food sustainability in
the 21st century. Soil moisture, air temperature, humidity and
water level can be measured and monitored by Atmel AVR
microcontroller, sensors and ZigBee network [1]. These are all
the key elements to grow plants using the current sensor and
network stack. ZigBee protocol (IEEE 802.15.4) is good in
very low power consumption, message routing etc., Using the
artificial neural network we can detect the disease and grade
the vegetables and fruits [2]. Smart irrigation systems can
reduce the total cost of the irrigation system up to 75% [3].
We can reduce the water level up to 50% using the sensor
based automated irrigation system [4]. CC2530 chip can be
used to implement agriculture Greenhouse Environment
monitoring system based on ZigBee technology, the wireless
sensor and control nodes takes CC2530 (CC2530-Second
Generation System-on-Chip Solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE
802.15.4 / RF4CE / ZigBee) as core to control the
environment data. This system is made up of front-end data
gaining, data processing, data transmission and data reception
[5]. OpenIoT platform can be used in Digital Agriculture. An
Ontology to represent Phenonet domain concepts in order to
facilitate smart collection, annotation, validation, processing
and storing of data streams from sensors in the field can be
done [6].
B. Poultry Management
Poultry is the largest source for human food. N1H1 (Swine flu
- Influenza A virus subtype H1N1) bird-flue, highly
pathogenetic avian influneza HPAI (Highly Pathogenic Asian
Avian Influenza A virus) are making it difficult to meet the
daily need of poultry foods. Smart poultry management can
be created using Rasberry pi and Ardunio. Smart system can
monitor surrounding weather conditions, humidity,
temperature, climate quality, and also filter fans [7]. Modern
poultry tracking system for analyzing the behavior of poultry
infected with avian influenza using a camera. The trackers
1
employed in the system robustly track poultry that make
contact and occlude each other in a narrow isolator during
infection experiment using a particle filtering algorithm [8].
In birds farms CO2, high temperature and high relative
humidity will be there. There are other harmful gasses like
Ammonia (NH3), Hydrogen Sulphide (SO2) will be there.
Monitoring of Weight, Environment, Soil attributes, Visual
identification can be automated [9]. Better molecular process
level technologies that improve egg manufacturing at the
molecular/cellular level and Machine level technologies that
modify egg manufacturing processes such as single-use
technologies, compliance, equipment and biosafety. Systems
level technologies for innovation in the egg manufacturing
enterprise including quality by design, technology transfer,
cleanliness and compliance [10].
Near Infrared Spectroscopy may be a good technique applied
to quantitatively analyze many physicochemical
characteristics such as humidity, organic matter, macro-
elements and so on in livestock and poultry manure and
compost [11]. A Low cost semi-automated vaccination
machine consists of an injection, stainless steel base, stainless
steel cover, Teflon plate, switch, air compressor, mounted
double acting cylinder, solenoid valve 5/2, Filter Regulator
Lubricator (FRL), solenoid limit switch and connections. The
projected production of the machine is 2000 chick/hour [12].
Lighting in a poultry house is one of the important factors
affecting fowls’ health, growth, behavior, productivity and
overall costs. Light Emitting Diode (LED) with efficient
luminaire matching fowls' spectral sensitivity provides good
info about the lighting systems optimization [13].
Biogas can be generated using the poultry waste. Poultry
Biogas, produced in Anaerobic Digestion (AD)- plants,
primarily consists of methane (CH4) and Carbon Dioxide
(CO2) with smaller amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and
ammonia (NH3). For the electricity generation from biogas
needs reduction of H2S, because it forms a complex bond with
iron hence damage the generator. Reduction of Hydrogen
Sulfide (H2S) from poultry based on biogas can be done by
dosing air/oxygen to the main digester into the digestion
process [14]. Poultry waste water can be used for irrigation
after treatment [15].
C. Fish Management
Artificial Fish-Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) is a method to
search global optimum, which is typical application of
behaviorism in artificial intelligence. Using AFSA, fish can be
feed effectively [16]. Automated Monitoring System allows a
user with a mobile device to monitor the fish farm
Environmental Data with Instant mastery and control over the
various environmental data. Temperature, dissolved oxygen,
PH value and water level sensing modules are incorporated in
this monitoring system. The ZigBee wireless sensor network
brings the data to a central processing core. A WIFI interface
transfers the data to the user terminal device. The user can
control the entire fish farm environment through the terminal
device [17].
2
The ozone technology fish storage system (OTFIS) can be
useful in the fishing boat, fish storage in the Fish Auction
Market, fish storage in the means transport for fish. The
OTFIS yields a better result when we transport a fish from one
place to another [18]. The Automated Indoor Aquaponic
Cultivation Technique was able to perceive a good control
performance. The overall assimilation of controller, actuators
and sensors using temperature sensors such as DS18B20,
RTC1302, Float sensor and LCD display can effectively create
a closed-loop control system [19].
Wastewater from aquiculture contains valuable nutrients for
plant, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutrients in
wastewater from fish pond was assimilated and used by paddy
field [20]. Bio oil can be obtained from fish waste. Waste fish
fats from Tunisian fish industry were pyrolysis under nitrogen
in a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor. In these environments
the main product is bio-oil (55 wt.%) while the co products are
syngas (44 wt.%) and bio-char (1 wt.%) [21]. Magnetic field
promoted separation technique, known as magnetic fishing
technique, provides highly purified desired product, even the
concentration of desired molecule is very low in feedstock
[22]. The circulated energy system utilizes cleaning waste of a
fish processing plant to produce biodiesel. The biodiesel is
used to produce the locally required cooling/freezing and
heating energy. In addition, a power surplus is produced for
the electricity network or local industrial use [23].
III. Proposed Model
The proposed model depicted in figure 1 shows the
controlled environment where the study and analysis can be
done. The proposed model has a house of three layers. The top
layer for the green vegetation where the sun light needs to be
harvested directly. The second layer in house for poultry. The
poultry can be fed by the vegetation layer or by poultry feed.
The amount of feed supplied needs to be measured. The
bottom layer is the fish tank. Where we can monitor and
manage different variety of fish. The fish can be feed by the
waste from the poultry. The excess waste from poultry and
fish can be used to create compost which can be later used to
fertilize the vegetation layer.
FIGURE I
Proposed IoT enabled waste management model
The Proposed is beneficial to farmers and is suitable from a
small farm to a larger scale production. This provides a view
of over all dependency study of different agriculture. We can
use this model for R&D for the related area and to implement
for the bigger scale.
A. Study Areas using the model
With the use of proposed model we can study the different
areas of agriculture waste dependency. Few of them are listed
below,
¾ Study of the different fish with the poultry waste as a
feed
¾ Amount of poultry waste produced and the poultry
growth
¾ Amount of eggs produced by the poultry
¾ Amount of crops produced by the top layer
¾ Amount of water contaminated by the poultry and
fish
¾ Amount of white meat produced by the poultry
¾ Amount of fish produced
¾ Optimal environment gas, temperature and water
purity
¾ Fertilizer used for the vegetation
¾ Compost created by the poultry and fish wastes
B. Dependency Cycle
The below describes the dependency between the different
layers of the proposed model. The vegetation provides duck
feed. Using that we can feed the duck farm. The ducks can
produce eggs and duck waste. The duck waste can be the feed
to the fish. The ducks can be feed by the small fish. They will
clean the fish tank. The excess fish waste and duck waste can
be used to create the compost which can be used to grow the
food in the vegetation layer. The eggs, white meat and the fish
can be directly sold to the market. This is the model where can
play with different parameters like drake, hen, different fish
verities, different vegetation and ducklings etc.,
FIGURE II
Dependency cycle between various actors in the model
C. Parameters for Sensor Network Monitoring
The below list provides the use of various sensors in the
monitoring process.
¾ Birds monitoring (RFID (Radio-Frequency
IDentification), NFC(Near Field Communication),
motion, temperature, weight)
¾ Fish monitoring (motion, size, camera)
¾ Environment (temperature, humidity, air-
composition, airspeed, Air movement, light)
¾ Eating habits of poultry and fish (RGB (Color
camera) camera, accelerometer)
3
¾ Vegetation soil attributes monitor (Soil sensor, RGB
camera)
¾ Vegetation fertilizer and compose doses monitoring
(temperature, clock, humidity)
¾ Classification and separation of sick poultry, crops
and fish using visual evidences (RGB camera)
D. Application Architecture
The application contains of wireless sensors, raspberry pi kit,
Ardunio and actuators. The sensor data has been collected
from the vegetation layer, poultry layer and fishery layer and
fed in to the raspberry kit via Ardunio. The sensor module is
taking care of keeping the sensor registry and its functions.
The image analysis provides the basic functionality of various
image based operations. This is useful to take decision about
the feeding and sick control, vegetation and waste
management etc.,
The poultry monitoring module taking care of complete
control over the poultry like number of hens, ducklings,
amount of food, waste produced, egg produced, water utilized
etc., Fish monitoring is taking care of the overview of fishing,
fish count, variety of fish, fish feed, waste utilized, timings,
amount of fish produced etc., the vegetation module taking
care of fertilizer, water and plant growth. The compost
monitoring is look after the compost that is in the progress and
monitor the temperature and humidity. The compost monitor
gives alert when the compost is ready. The waste monitoring
is taking care of waste produced in the process like amount of
birds, fish waste produced and contaminated water released.
The water, temperature and humidity monitoring is actually
receives the feedback from the sensors and look the target
values set by the different monitors, layers and activates the
water flow, fan or water spray to the respective environment.
The sick control take care of sick identification based on the
video, weight and the motion pattern (accelerometer). The 3rd
party API integration is enabled for extendibility and future
service for critical alert when the system in production. The
reporting will be held using the tablet or computer which can
connect to the raspberry pi via USB. My SQL can be used as
a database on raspberry pi.
Ardunio UNO (microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328) has been used for base to connect all the sensors.
The high level decision has been done by raspberry pi. LM335
temperature sensor has been used to monitor the temperature
in vegetation, poultry and fish tank. HIH-4030 Humidity
Sensor has been used to find the humidity and temperature in
the air. Soil moisture sensor will read the data from the soil
and provides the feedback. The algorithm has been set that the
moisture level gone below 50% then the Plastic Water
Solenoid Valve – 12V has been activated to provide water to
the vegetation. If the humidity has been rise in the air then the
fan has been activated to make the environment cool. SEN-
11745 CMOS Camera Module has been used to provide inputs
to the raspberry pi for taking decision about the movements of
hens and fish, Number of eggs and other feeding patterns.
 FIGURE III
Application architecture for agriculture waste management
The Solenoid Valve is used to drain the water and fill the
water back to the tab. This will be taken care of Fish
monitoring. COM-11609 MicroSD Card is very useful for
storing the data onboard. The sd card will hold the data for a
while till the time the data pushed into the connected PC. WiFi
Module - ESP8266 the wifi module has been utilized to
connect to the remote server which enables to make the
accurate decision, image analysis and dashboard. Using the
wifi module we can store our data in to the remote server in
the My SQL. The data between the server and the raspberry pi
My SQL can be synced directly using the My SQL commands.
The Raspberry pi has built in web server so that we can see the
dashboard using the standard browsers. If we have proper
routing enabled in the home router then we can access the
website around the world.
IV. CONCLUSION
The proposed framework is used to control and measure the
various parameters in the vegetation, poultry and fish tank.
This can be extended for season extending if we need to do in
large scale. This model will reveal the dependency between
the different areas. The implementation detail is the next goal
of this research. Significant improvement in management of
these areas can be done using this framework. The complete
circuit diagrams and the design details will be presented in our
future research.
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