Test 1 : Social Intelligence Scale

General Problem : On Social Psychology

Specific Problem : To measure the social intelligence of an individual with the help of the social
intelligence scale (SIS) developed by N.K. Chaddha and Mrs. Usha Ganesan.

Basic concept :
Social intelligence refers to the capacity of individuals to know and understand others in a much
better way, which develops through experience gained by being around with people and
learning from individuals who are commonly referred to as ‘tacts’, common sensors or street
smarts. Social intelligence refer to as people’s skill is the individual’s ability with which we get
along with others and get them cooperate us.
According to David Weschler 1944, “intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the
individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with their environment”.
Along with this an operational definition proposed that intelligence is what intelligence test
measures. Warner 1960 and Hillford 1967 discussed the biological, experimental and
psychological development and operational approaches to the study of intelligence.

According to E.L. Thorndike intelligence activities are divided into 3 types :

i. Social intelligence : The ability to understand and deal with people.
ii. Concrete intelligence : The ability to understand and deal with things as in skill, traits
and scientific applications.
iii. Abstract intelligence : The ability to understand or deal with verbal or mathematical
symbols.

Social intelligence refers to the ability to read other people and understand their intention and
motives. It is basically the capacity to effectively negotiate complex social relationships and
environments. The original definition by Edward Thorndike in 1920 “social intelligence as the ability
to understand and manage man and woman, boys and girls to act wisely in human relations”.

Description of the Scale :

The initial selection of dimension that measures social intelligence were determined on the basis of
the judgement of 25 experts in the field of behavioral science. In order to construct the scale, the
dimensions of the social intelligence were selected in a scientific manner. Accordingly, 16 relevant
and meaningful dimensions of social intelligence were selected and defined. These were the given
to a group of 25 experts and 13 of these dimensions are accepted. These were further given to 10
experts to be rated on 5-point rating scale ranging from very relevant to irrelevant. The experts were
also asked to rang the dimensions from most relevant to least relevant. Following are the final list of
8 dimensions that were selected and written for final inclusion in the scale. Their operationally
defined structure under given for the aim of these test, which ease to measure the social intelligence
with N.K. Chaddha and Mrs. Usha Ganesan.
Social Intelligence Scale (1986).

The dimensions of the scale are :

i. Patience : Calm endurance under stressful situation.

ii. Cooperation : Ability to interact with others in a pleasant way to be able to view matters
from all angles .
iii. Confidence : Firm trust in one’s self and one’s changes.
iv. Sensitivity : To be acutely aware of and be responsive to human behavior.
v. Recognition of social environment : Ability to perceive the nature and atmosphere of the
existing situation.
vi. Tactfulness : Delicate perception of the right thing to say or do.
vii. Sense of humor : Capacity to feel, and to be able to see lighter side of life.
viii. Memory : Ability to remember all relevant issues, names and faces of people.

This test of social intelligence by Dr N.K. Chaddha and Mrs. Usha Ganesan is a set of 15 to 20 items
scale constructed for each dimension mentioned above. An initial pool of 140 items were
constructed for the whole scale. The 8 dimensions of the scale are : Patience, Cooperation,
Confidence, Sensitivity, Recognition of social environment, Tactfulness, Sense of humor and
Memory, which were constructed using the Multiple-choice technique. For example : in that
tactfulness dimension, responses are initiated in terms of yes or no. These items were tested for
social desirability with the help of the 5 experts. These items were rated on a 9-point rating scale,
ranging from “extremely desirable to neutral to extremely undesirable”. These items were all written
and subjected to item analysis. A standard norm category and classification of scores were also
followed while scoring for the same.Social intelligence refers to a person’s ability to understand and
manage interpersonal relationships. It is distinct from a person’s IQ or “book smarts.” It includes an
individual’s ability to understand, and act on, the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of other people.
This type of intelligence can take place “in the moment” of face-to-face conversations but also
appears during times of deliberate thinking. It involves emotional intelligence and self-awareness.
Examples of social intelligence include knowing when to talk or listen, what to say, and what to do.
Timing is a big part of social intelligence. For example, someone who is imperceptive, may tell a
funny joke – but at the wrong time, or not show enough interest when meeting someone new.

Social intelligence according to the original definition of Edward Thorndike, is "the ability to
understand and manage men and women, boys and girls, to act wisely in human relations" [1]. It is
equivalent to interpersonal intelligence, one of the types of intelligences identified in Howard
Gardner's Theory of multiple intelligences, and closely related to theory of mind.

Some authors have restricted the definition to deal only with knowledge of social situations, perhaps
more properly called social cognition or social marketing intelligence, as it pertains to trending socio-
psychological advertising and marketing strategies and tactics.

According to Sean Foleno, Social intelligence is a person’s competence to comprehend his or her
environment optionally and react appropriately for socially successful conduct.

Measuring social intelligence –

Social IQ is a measure of social intelligence compared to other people of their age. Like IQ, Social IQ
is based on the "100 point" scale, in which 100 is the average score. Scores of 140 or above are
considered to be very high.

Social IQ has until recently been measured by techniques such as question and answer sessions.
These sessions assess the person's pragmatic abilities to test eligibility in certain special education
courses, however some tests have been developed to measure social intelligence. One of these is
the EQ (Emotional Intelligence) test. This test can be used when diagnosing autism spectrum
disorders, including autism and Asperger syndrome. Other, non-autistic or semi-autistic conditions
such as semantic pragmatic disorder or SPD, schizophrenia, dyssomnia and ADHD, are also of
relevance. People with low social IQ will be considered "childlike" and immature, even at the adult
age group. This test can also be used when assessing people that might have some sort of a disorder
such as schizophrenia or ADHD.

A good way to measure Social IQ is to use the basic IQ system, adapted for social skills. Most people
have social IQs from 85-115, but many exceed these limits. People with social IQs below 80 may
have an autism spectrum disorder, such as Asperger syndrome or a severe case of some other
disorder such as schizophrenia or maybe just generally low in general intelligence. These people may
have trouble with making friends, and with communication, and might need some social skill training
or extra support from specialists.

These people may not be hired as quickly as other people for employment, since they may not have
the require interpersonal communication and social skills for success in the workforce. These people
may work well in an office desk job, stay at home job or jobs that don't require a lot of interaction,
such as construction. People with social IQs over 120 are considered very socially skilled and well
adjusted, and could work well with jobs that involve direct contact and communication with people.

PRELIMINARIES

Name of the participant : Upasana Pal

Age of the participant : 20

Condition of the participant : Fresh and cooperative.

Gender of the participant : female

Educational qualification : Undergraduate

Date of the test : 30/08/2022

Time of the test : 11:30 am

Materials required :

i. Social Intelligence Scale (SIS) questionnaire by N.K. Chaddha and Mrs. Usha Ganesan
ii. SIS Answer Booklet.
iii. Pen and sharp lead pencil.
iv. Eraser.
v. Scoring Manual.

Case Study :

The subject was a 20 years female undergraduate student. She was very excited to
participate in the experiment and was very cooperative too. She was also very calm and
attentive throughout the test. Her facial expression didn’t show any kind of stress or anxiety,
rather she was very much interested to fill up all the answers. She responded very well to all
the instructions given to her. According to the interaction with the subject, it can be said
that she is an extrovert person and it was also said by her that loves to participate in this
type of experiment and she would like to become the subject in other experiments too in
future.

Methodology :

● Description of the test

● Arrangement of the experiment – The participant was provided with a table and a
comfortable chair along with necessary items like pencil, eraser, questionnaire, answer
booklet etc. for recording her response. After completion of the questionnaire the examiner
cross-checked if all the items were attempted and the participant was asked to exit the
room. Careful scoring was done by the experimenter after the participant left the room and
submitted her responses.
● Precautions :
i. Proper reading should be done of the questions before choosing an option for the
answer.
ii. Not much time is to be spent by the participant on one question.
iii. The participant must be willing to take part in the experiment otherwise the
responses will be biased.
iv. Questions should be understood well, and if face any problem, then must be
informed to the experimenter immediately.
v. Scoring should be done manually and carefully by following instructions of the
scoring manual booklet.
vi. ‘z’ scores and corresponding range, grade and interpretation of the same are to be
conducted accurately.

● Administration.
This is a self-administrated scale and the following instructions are given below –
Instructions : “In this booklet, there are some statements regarding the way in which we
behave, feel and act. We want you to give your first response. Please try to make your best
possible answer honestly and sincerely. Read and understand each statement properly and
then put your mark on any box against every statement on the answer sheet by making the
sign of tick mark. Please do not hide either delete any statement. Your answers would be
kept confidential. We need your full cooperation to make this work success. Therefore, we
would request you to kindly follow the instructions accordingly.”
● Scoring : The scale was administrated to an 300 sample groups (150 males ; 150 females) for
the purpose of measure social intelligence level. The sample was selected from a population
of University students pursuing a variety of courses.
In the case of the 8 dimensions, the subject was given a choice of 3 alternatives for each
item and was asked to choose one of them. In the case of the first 4 dimensions (patience,
cooperativeness, confidence, and sensitivity) scores of 1, 2 and 3 were given to 3 response
alternatives. For example – in confidence dimension, a score of 3 would indicate a high
degree of confidence and a score of 1 would indicate lack of confidence, and a score of 2
would indicate moderate degree of confidence. In other 2 dimensions (recognition of social
environment ; sense of humor) one of 3 alternatives given and in the tactfulness dimension,
the responses were in the form of ‘yes’ or ‘no’. The appropriate response were awarded a
score of 1. The last dimension, which is memory, was scored as 1 or 0 depending on whether
or not the participant’s response was ‘right’ or ‘wrong’.

Results :
TABLE 1

Dimensions Raw score

Patience 20

Cooperation 24

Confidence 18

Sensitivity 20

Recognition of social environment 1

Sense of humor 4

Tactfulness 2

Memory 9

TABLE 2

Raw Score Z Score Grade Level of Social Intelligence

Page
2 3 4 + 1.16
 Score

Total 107
C Above Average

Interpretation

The purpose of this test was to determine the SQ of the people involved in this test.

The scale was administrated to an 300 sample groups (150 males ; 150 females) for the purpose of
measure social intelligence level. The sample was selected from a population of University students
pursuing a variety of courses.

In the case of the 8 dimensions, the subject was given a choice of 3 alternatives for each item and
was asked to choose one of them. In the case of the first 4 dimensions (patience, cooperativeness,
confidence, and sensitivity) scores of 1, 2 and 3 were given to 3 response alternatives. For example –
in confidence dimension, a score of 3 would indicate a high degree of confidence and a score of 1
would indicate lack of confidence, and a score of 2 would indicate moderate degree of confidence. In
other 2 dimensions (recognition of social environment ; sense of humor) one of 3 alternatives given
and in the tactfulness dimension, the responses were in the form of ‘yes’ or ‘no’. The appropriate
response were awarded a score of 1. The last dimension, which is memory, was scored as 1 or 0
depending on whether or not the participant’s response was ‘right’ or ‘wrong’.

The raw score of the collective data was 107. The z score according to the scoring manual is +1.16.
The grade range is . The grade henceforth assigned is C and the level of intelligence is found to be
above average. The test is reliable and valid.