EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1439

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2017

ICS 23.020.35 Supersedes EN 1439:2008

English Version

LPG equipment and accessories - Procedure for checking

transportable refillable LPG cylinders before, during and
after filling
Équipements pour GPL et leurs accessoires - Procédure
de vérification des bouteilles transportables et
rechargeables pour GPL avant, pendant et après le
Flüssiggas-Geräte und Ausrüstungsteile -
Kontrollverfahren für Flaschen für Flüssiggas (LPG)
vor, während und nach dem Füllen

7
remplissage

1
20
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 April 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
TG
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
I
//

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Q

Centre has the same status as the official versions.

IP

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
5/

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
to
tra
on
C

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1439:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Segregation of cylinders prior to filling .................................................................................................. 8
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
4.2 Cylinders suitable for filling ........................................................................................................................ 8
4.3 Cylinders for periodic inspection .............................................................................................................. 9

17
4.4 Cylinders requiring further assessment ................................................................................................. 9
5 Reassessment of cylinders ........................................................................................................................... 9

20
6 Filling conditions.......................................................................................................................................... 10
7 Post filling checks......................................................................................................................................... 10
G
7.1 Check of filled amount ................................................................................................................................ 10
IT
7.2 Action necessary for over/under-filled cylinders ............................................................................ 10
7.3 Final checks .................................................................................................................................................... 10
//

Annex A (normative) Specific requirements for welded and brazed steel LPG cylinders .............. 11
Q
IP

Annex B (normative) Specific requirements for welded steel LPG cylinders in accordance
with EN 14140 or equivalent standard ................................................................................................ 14
5/

B.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 14

B.2 Procedure for establishing rejection criteria for carbon steel cylinders ................................ 14
to

B.3 Rejection criteria for stainless steel cylinders .................................................................................. 16

tra

Annex C (normative) Specific requirements for welded aluminium LPG cylinders ......................... 19
on

Annex D (normative) Specific requirements for composite LPG cylinders.......................................... 22

C

D.1 Establishment of rejection criteria ........................................................................................................ 22

D.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
D.1.2 Procedure........................................................................................................................................................ 22
D.2 Examples of rejection criteria ................................................................................................................. 22
D.2.1 Cylinders without a metallic liner .......................................................................................................... 22
D.2.2 Cylinders with a metallic liner ................................................................................................................ 27
Annex E (normative) Safe filling conditions .................................................................................................... 31
Annex F (normative) Flow diagram of the checks before, during and after filling............................ 32
Annex G (normative) Specific inspection procedure for over-moulded cylinder (OMC) ................ 33
G.1 Application and cylinder description ................................................................................................... 33
G.2 Cylinders suitable for filling ..................................................................................................................... 33

2
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

G.3 Cylinders for periodic inspection ........................................................................................................... 33

G.4 Cylinders requiring further assessment .............................................................................................. 33
G.5 Reassessment of cylinders ........................................................................................................................ 33
Annex H (informative) Example of an Over-Moulded Cylinder ................................................................ 35
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 36

17
20
G
IT
//
Q
IP
5/
to
tra
on
C

3
EN 1439:2017 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN 1439:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 286 “Liquefied
petroleum gas equipment and accessories”, the secretariat of which is held by NSAI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2017.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association

17
This document supersedes EN 1439:2008.

20
The changes to this document include:

— definitions have been updated and modified;

— changes in requirement to Clause 6;

G
IT
— the addition of requirements to 7.3;
//
Q

— the addition of requirements for composite cylinders with a metallic liner in Annex D.
IP

This European Standard has been submitted for reference into the RID and/or in the technical annexes
5/

of the ADR.
to

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
tra

Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
on

Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
C

4
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Introduction

This document calls for the use of substances and procedures that can be injurious to health if adequate
precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal
obligations relating to health and safety at any stage.
It has been assumed in the drafting of this document that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to
appropriately qualified and experienced people. Where judgements are called for, it has been assumed
that they are made by competent persons who have been trained specifically for the tasks.
Protection of the environment is a key political issue in Europe and elsewhere, for CEN/TC 286 this is
covered in CEN/TS 16765 [3] and this Technical Specification should be read in conjunction with this
standard. This Technical Specification provides guidance on the environmental aspects to be considered
regarding equipment and accessories produced for the LPG industry and the following is addressed:
a) design;

b) manufacture;

17
c) packaging;

20
d) use and operation; and

e) disposal.
G
IT
//
Q
IP
5/
to
tra
on
C

5
EN 1439:2017 (E)

1 Scope
This document specifies the procedures to be adopted when checking transportable refillable LPG
cylinders before, during and after filling.
This document applies to transportable refillable LPG cylinders of water capacity not exceeding 150 l
and deemed to be fitted with valves designed according to EN ISO 14245 [4] and EN ISO 15995 [5].
This document does not cover the requirements for filling LPG cylinders that are designed and
equipped for filling by the user.
This document does not cover the requirements for filling LPG containers on vehicles.
This document is applicable to the following:
— welded and brazed steel LPG cylinders with a specified minimum wall thickness (see EN 1442 and
EN 12807 [1] or an equivalent standard);

— welded steel LPG cylinders without specified minimum wall thickness (see EN 14140 or an

17
equivalent standard);

20
— welded aluminium LPG cylinders (see EN 13110 [2] or an equivalent standard);

— composite LPG cylinders (see EN 14427 or an equivalent standard); and

G
— over-moulded cylinders (OMC).
IT
Specific requirements for the different types of cylinders are detailed in Annex A, Annex B, Annex C,
//

Annex D and Annex G.

Q

This draft standard is intended to be applied to cylinders complying with RID/ADR [6] [7] (including pi
IP

marked cylinders) and also to existing non RID/ADR cylinder populations.

5/

2 Normative references
to

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
tra

indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
on

EN 549, Rubber materials for seals and diaphragms for gas appliances and gas equipment
C

EN 1440, LPG equipment and accessories - Transportable refillable traditional welded and brazed steel
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinders - Periodic inspection

EN 1442, LPG equipment and accessories — Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for LPG —
Design and construction

EN 10028-7, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 7: Stainless steels

EN 12816, LPG equipment and accessories - Transportable refillable LPG cylinders - Disposal

EN 13952, LPG cylinders - Filling procedures

EN 14140, LPG equipment and accessories - Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for LPG -
Alternative design and construction

6
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

EN 14427, LPG equipment and accessories - Transportable refillable fully wrapped composite cylinders for
LPG - Design and construction

EN 14894, LPG equipment and accessories - Cylinder and drum marking

EN 15202, LPG equipment and accessories - Essential operational dimensions for LPG cylinder valve outlet
and associated equipment connections

EN 16728, LPG equipment and accessories - Transportable refillable LPG cylinders other than traditional
welded and brazed steel cylinders - Periodic inspection

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
liquefied petroleum gas
LPG

17
low pressure liquefied gas composed of one or more light hydrocarbons which are assigned to UN 1011,

20
UN 1075, UN 1965, UN 1969 or UN 1978 only and which consists mainly of propane, propene, butane,
butane isomers, butene with traces of other hydrocarbon gases

3.2 G
competent person
IT
person which by combination of appropriate qualification, training, experience, and resources, is able to
make objective judgments on the subject
//
Q

3.3
IP

over-moulded cylinder
OMC
5/

a pressure receptacle intended for the carriage of LPG of a water capacity not exceeding 13 litres made
of a coated steel inner cylinder with an over-moulded protective case made from cellular plastic, which
to

is non removable and bonded to the outer surface of the steel cylinder wall
tra

3.4
periodic inspection
on

activities carried out at defined intervals, such as examining, measuring, testing or gauging the
characteristics of a pressure vessel or a pressure receptacle and comparing these with specified
C

requirements

3.5
filled to a level
filled to a fixed level using a fixed liquid level device

3.6
filled by mass
filled with LPG using a weighing machine

3.7
filled by volume
filled with a fixed volume of LPG

7
EN 1439:2017 (E)

3.8
reconditioning
major repairs to cylinders, which can include hot work, welding or de-denting carried out by specialists
away from potential sources of flammable air/gas mixture

3.9
tare mass
sum of the mass of the empty cylinder, the mass of the valve including a dip tube where fitted, and the
mass of all other parts that are permanently attached to the cylinder when it is being filled, e.g. fixed
valve guard

3.10
filling plant
facility where filling and checking of LPG cylinders takes place

3.11
protective casing

17
layer of protective material which gives mechanical protection which, either cannot be removed
without destroying it or is only removable with special tools or is bonded to the cylinder wall

20
Note 1 to entry: This definition can be applied to cylinders with over-moulded layers or with separate casings.

3.12
G
IT
filling ratio
ratio of the mass of gas introduced into a cylinder or pressure drum to the mass of water at 15 °C that
//

would fill the same cylinder or pressure drum fitted ready for use
Q

3.13
IP

competent authority
5/

authority or authorities or any other body or bodies designated as such in each State and in each
specific case in accordance with domestic law
to

3.14
tra

reference temperature
temperature used for the calculation of the safe filling quantity
on

4 Segregation of cylinders prior to filling

C

4.1 General

Cylinders shall be checked and segregated into the categories specified in 4.2 to 4.4 by a competent
person.
The flow diagram of the checks before, during and after filling given in Annex F shall be followed.
4.2 Cylinders suitable for filling

The cylinder shall be deemed suitable for filling if the following conditions apply:
a) tare indication and water capacity are marked;

b) allowed quantity and identification of the product (butane, propane or mixtures thereof, the
properties of which were considered for the design of the cylinder) are indicated;

8
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

c) cylinder is within the test date as determined from the marked manufacture date or periodic
inspection date;

d) cylinder and valve do not have unacceptable physical damage, corrosion or other defects. For
metallic cylinders, the inspection of the foot-ring for corrosion or damage shall determine the need
for a more thorough external visual examination of the cylinder base;

e) cylinder is fitted with a pressure relief valve, if required by the manufacturing standard; and

f) when cylinders are filled to a level, the fixed liquid level device shall be checked for operability.

4.3 Cylinders for periodic inspection

A cylinder shall be set aside for periodic inspection in accordance with EN 1440 or EN 16728 when
either of the following conditions apply:
a) cylinder is out of test date; or

17
b) cylinder cannot be confirmed to be within test date.

20
4.4 Cylinders requiring further assessment

A cylinder shall be set aside for further assessment (see Clause 5), if:
G
a) the tare indication of a cylinder, filled by mass, is missing or illegible;
IT
b) the water capacity of a cylinder, filled by volume, is missing or illegible;
//
Q

c) the cylinder is judged to have unacceptable physical damage, corrosion or other defects;
IP

d) the valve or pressure relief valve (if fitted) is damaged or has been previously identified as leaking.
5/

Cylinders identified as leaking shall be made safe prior to their reassessment.

to

5 Reassessment of cylinders
tra

Cylinders that have been set aside (see 4.4) shall be examined by a competent person who shall
on

determine if they are suitable for filling or if they shall be sent for reconditioning, where permitted by
the appropriate annex of this European Standard, or disposal in accordance with EN 12816 (where
C

applicable).
Cylinders that are intended to be filled by mass, and where the indication of tare weight is missing or
illegible, shall be reassessed and have the indication of the tare mass applied in accordance with
EN 14894.
Cylinders that are intended to be filled by volume, and where the indication of water capacity is missing
or illegible, shall be reassessed and have the indication of the water capacity applied in accordance with
EN 14894.
Leaking cylinders and cylinders with damaged or leaking valves shall be safely vented. Cylinders
leaking through the body shall be disposed of in accordance with EN 12816 (where applicable). Leaking
or damaged valves shall be repaired or replaced. Replacement valve seals shall comply with the
requirements of EN 549 and EN 15202.
Valves can be removed from and refitted safely to a pressurized LPG cylinder, provided the facility
includes dedicated equipment. This equipment shall only be operated by a competent person working
in accordance with a written procedure.

9
EN 1439:2017 (E)

The filling plant shall have means to ensure that, when a valve is fitted, its thread is of the same type as
the cylinder bung thread and its torque is compliant with both the cylinder and valve manufacturer’s
recommendations. The equipment used to fit valves shall be regularly checked, serviced and calibrated.
Rejection limits for physical, material and other defects on the cylinder shell or protective casing shall
be applied in accordance with Annex A, Annex B, Annex C, Annex D and Annex G.

6 Filling conditions
The filling plant operation and filling checks shall be in accordance with EN 13952.
Cylinders shall not be filled in excess of the safe filling quantity. The safe filling quantity is determined
from the safe filling ratio agreed by the relevant national competent authorities in accordance with
Annex E.

7 Post filling checks

7.1 Check of filled amount

17
Each cylinder shall be checked to ensure that the maximum mass has not been exceeded, either by

20
check weighing within the tolerances as determined by the relevant national competent authorities or
by a determination of the ullage space remaining. Where accepted by the relevant national competent
authorities, other systems of checking, such as sample weighing or statistical data application, may be
G
used when the filling mass is controlled automatically.
IT
7.2 Action necessary for over/under-filled cylinders
//

If the cylinder is over-filled, the excess LPG shall be removed as soon as reasonably practical and the
Q

cylinder re-checked for correct fill quantity.

IP

If the cylinder is under-filled, the appropriate amount of LPG shall be added and the cylinder re-checked
5/

for correct fill quantity.

7.3 Final checks
to

Cylinders, valves and valve seals shall be checked for leakage. Leaks shall be dealt with in accordance
tra

with the procedures in Clause 5. The admissible leakage rate shall be either indicated in the national
regulation or defined by the national competent authority, but in any case, not higher than 5 g per hour
on

(g/h).
C

Equipment used to check for leakage shall be checked, serviced and calibrated regularly. Checks to
ensure the correct functioning of the leak detectors on the filling line shall be made, as a minimum, at
the beginning of every shift.
Cylinders shall be checked prior to dispatch or storage, for the correct fitting of valve caps or plugs,
valve protection caps/guards and labelling, if required.

10
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Annex A
(normative)

Specific requirements for welded and brazed steel LPG cylinders

Rejection limits for physical, material and other defects on the cylinder shell are given in Table A.1,
Table A.2 and Table A.3.
Table A.1 — Physical defects in the cylinder wall

Defect Description Rejection limit

Bulge Visible swelling of the cylinder. All.
Dent A depression in the cylinder that has When the depth of the dent exceeds 25 % of its
neither penetrated nor removed width at any point a.

17
metal, when its width at any point is
greater than 2 % of the external

20
cylinder diameter.
Cut or A sharp impression where metal has Where the original calculated wall thickness is
G
gouge been removed or redistributed. known:
IT
Depth of cut or gouge is such that the
undamaged (remaining) wall is less than the
//

minimum calculated wall thickness.

Q

Where the original calculated wall thickness is

IP

not known:
All.
5/

Dent A depression in the cylinder within When the size of the dent, cut or gouge exceeds
to

containing which there is a cut or gouge. the dimensions for rejection as an individual
cut or defect.
tra

gouge
on

Crack A split or rift in the cylinder shell. All.

Lamination Layering of the material within the All.
C

cylinder wall appearing as a

discontinuity, crack, lap or bulge at
the surface.
a Appearance (e.g. sharp dent) and location (e.g. on shoulder of the cylinder) also play a part in the evaluation
of dent severity.

Table A.2 — Corrosion on the cylinder wall

Type of Description Rejection limit

corrosion
Isolated A pitting of metal occurring in When the depth of discrete pits exceeds 0,6 mm. A
corrosion pits isolated areas at a greater depth of corrosion can be accepted provided
concentration not greater that depth of corrosion does not reduce the wall
than 1 pit per 500 mm2 of thickness below the minimum calculated wall
surface area. thickness.

11
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Type of Description Rejection limit

corrosion
Area Reduction in wall thickness When the depth of penetration of any pit exceeds
corrosion over an area not exceeding 0,4 mm. A greater depth can be accepted provided
20 % of the cylinder surface. that the depth of corrosion does not reduce the wall
thickness below the minimum calculated wall
thickness.
General A reduction in wall thickness When the depth of penetration of any pit exceeds
corrosion over an area exceeding 20 % 0,2 mm. A greater depth can be accepted providing
of the cylinder surface. that the depth of corrosion does not reduce the wall
thickness below the minimum calculated wall
thickness.
Chain pitting A series of pits or corroded When the total length of corrosion in any direction
or line or cavities of limited width along exceeds 50 % of the circumference of the cylinder; or
channel the length or around the When the depth of penetration exceeds 0,4 mm. A

17
corrosion cylinder circumference. greater depth can be accepted providing that the
depth of corrosion does not reduce the wall

20
thickness below the minimum calculated wall
thickness; or
G
When the depth of corrosion cannot be measured.
IT
Crevice Crevice corrosion occurs in When the depth of penetration exceeds 0,4 mm or
corrosion the area of the intersection of when the depth of corrosion cannot be measured.
//

the foot-ring or shroud with

Q

the cylinder.
IP
5/
to
tra
on
C

12
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table A.3 — Other defects

Defect Description Rejection limit

Depressed Damage to the bung which has altered the profile of — A limited level of
bung the cylinder. depression/alignment
deviation, as agreed by the
competent authority;
— Otherwise; All.
Arc or torch Burning of the cylinder base metal, a hardened heat All.
burns affected zone, the addition of extraneous weld metal,
or the removal of metal by scarfing or cratering.
Fire damage a Excessive general or localized heating of a cylinder All.
usually indicated by:
— charring or burning of paint;

17
— fire damage of the metal;
— distortion of the cylinder;

20
— melting of metallic valve parts;
— melting of any plastic components, e.g. date ring,
plug or cap. G
IT
Damaged Foot ring not firmly attached. All.
foot-ring
Badly deformed foot-ring. Unstable or unbalanced
//

cylinder.
Q
IP

Damaged Loose or badly deformed shroud. Preventing proper operation

shroud or protection of valve.
5/

a If paint is only superficially charred, a cylinder may be accepted by a competent person.

to
tra
on
C

13
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Annex B
(normative)

Specific requirements for welded steel LPG cylinders in accordance with

EN 14140 or equivalent standard

B.1 General
The owner of the cylinder (or their authorized representative) shall provide the testing station with the
rejection criteria for the physical and material defects and heat damage to the cylinder.
The procedure for establishing the acceptance/rejection criteria is described in B.2.
These criteria shall be at least those established by the manufacturer, taking into account the design
conditions of the cylinder, e.g. wall thickness, material, protective casing.

17
The procedure and the records of the test results shall be witnessed and assessed by a competent

20
authority.
The descriptions of defects on carbon steel cylinders are shown in Table B.1, Table B.2 and Table B.3.
The description of defects for stainless steel cylinders are shown in Table B.4, Table B.5 and Table B.6.
G
IT
B.2 Procedure for establishing rejection criteria for carbon steel cylinders
//

The rejection criteria for the defects described in Table B.1, Table B.2 and Table B.3 shall be established
Q

in accordance with the following procedure for each design of cylinder as defined in EN 14140:
IP

— for each defect, four cylinders with the same defect shall be tested. The size of this defect shall be
recorded. If the defects of the cylinders are different sizes, the size of the smaller defect shall be
5/

recorded;
to

— two cylinders shall be submitted to the burst test as described in EN 14140 and two cylinders shall
be submitted to the fatigue test as described in EN 14140;
tra

— if the cylinders pass the tests, the defect is acceptable; the rejection limit can then be defined by the
on

size of that defect;

C

— when all rejection criteria have been established for a design of cylinder as defined in EN 14140,
Table B.1; and

— Table B.2 and Table B.3 shall be completed by the owner/manufacturer of the cylinder.

14
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table B.1 — Carbon steel cylinders - Physical defects in the cylinder wall

Defects Description Rejection limit

Bulge Visible swelling of the cylinder All.
Dent A depression in the cylinder that See B.2 a.
has neither penetrated nor
removed metal, and its width at any
point is greater than 2 % of the
external cylinder diameter.
Cut or gouge A sharp impression where metal See B.2.
has been removed or redistributed.
Intersecting cut or gouge The point of intersection of two or All.
more cuts or gouges.
Dent containing cut or A depression in the cylinder within When the size of the dent or cut or

17
gouge which there is a cut or gouge. gouge exceeds the dimensions for
rejection as an individual defect.

20
Crack A split or rift in the cylinder shell. All.
Lamination Layering of the material within the All.
cylinder wall appearing as a
G
IT
discontinuity, crack, lap or bulge at
the surface.
//

a Appearance (e.g. sharp dent) and location (e.g. on shoulder of the cylinder) also play a part in the evaluation of
Q

dent severity.
IP
5/

Table B.2 — Carbon steel cylinders - Corrosion on the cylinder wall

Defects Description Rejection limit

to

Isolated corrosion pits A pitting of metal occurring in See B.2.

tra

isolated areas at a concentration

not greater than 1 pit per 500 mm2
on

of surface area.
C

Area corrosion Reduction in wall thickness over an See B.2.

area not exceeding 20 % of the
cylinder surface.
General corrosion A reduction in wall thickness over See B.2.
an area exceeding 20 % of the
cylinder surface.
Chain pitting or line or A series of pits or corroded cavities See B.2.
channel corrosion of limited width along the length or
around the cylinder circumference.
Crevice corrosion Crevice corrosion occurs in the area See B.2.
of the intersection of the foot ring
or shroud with the cylinder.

15
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table B.3 — Carbon steel cylinders - Other defects

Defects Description Rejection limit

Depressed bung Damage to the bung which has All or a limited level of
altered the profile of the cylinder. depression/alignment deviation as
agreed with the competent
authority.
Arc or torch burns Burning of the cylinder base metal, a All.
hardened heat affected zone, the
addition of extraneous weld metal,
or the removal of metal by scarfing
or cratering.
Fire damage a Excessive general or localized All.
heating of a cylinder usually
indicated by:

17
— charring or burning of paint;

20
— fire damage of the metal;
— distortion of the cylinder;
— melting of metallic valve parts; G
— melting of any plastic
IT
components, e.g. date ring, plug or
cap.
//
Q

Damage to handle, if Excessive deforming of the handle If there is a risk of an injury e.g.
fitted finger cut.
IP

Damaged foot-ring Foot ring not firmly attached. All.

5/

Badly deformed foot-ring Unstable or unbalanced cylinder.

to

Damaged shroud Loose or badly deformed shroud Preventing proper operation or

protection of valve.
tra

a If paint is only superficially charred, a cylinder may be accepted by a competent person.

on

B.3 Rejection criteria for stainless steel cylinders

C

Rejection criteria for defects on stainless steel cylinders are described in Table B.4, Table B.5 and
Table B.6.
These tables shall apply to cylinders manufactured from stainless steel in accordance with EN 10028-7.
If required, the cylinder shall be cleaned and have all loose coatings or labels, corrosion products, tar, oil
or other foreign matter removed from its external surface.

16
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table B.4 — Stainless steel cylinders – physical defects in the cylinder wall

Defects Description Rejection limit

Bulge Visible swelling of the cylinder All.
Dent A depression in the cylinder that When the depth of the dent exceeds one third
has neither penetrated nor of its width at any point. Consideration of
removed metal, and its width at appearance and location also plays a part in
any point is greater than 4 % of the evaluation of dents a.
the external cylinder diameter.
Cut or gouge A sharp impression where metal Where the original calculated wall thickness
has been removed or re- is known:
distributed. — depth of cut or gouge is such that the
undamaged (remaining) wall is less than the
minimum calculated wall thickness;
Where the original calculated wall thickness

17
is not known:

20
— All.
Intersecting cut or The point of intersection of two or All.
gouge more cuts or gouges. G
Dent containing cut A depression in the cylinder When the size of the dent or cut or gouge
IT
or gouge within which there is a cut or exceeds the dimensions for rejection as an
gouge. individual defect.
//
Q

Crack A split or rift in the cylinder shell. All.

IP

Lamination Layering of the material within the All.

cylinder wall appearing as a
5/

discontinuity, crack, lap or bulge at

the surface.
to

a Appearance (e.g. sharp dent) and location (e.g. on shoulder of the cylinder) also play a part in the evaluation of
tra

dent severity.
on

Table B.5 — Stainless steel cylinders – Corrosion on the cylinder wall

C

Defects Description Rejection limit

Isolated corrosion pits
Area corrosion and general
corrosion
Crevice corrosion
A pitting of metal occurring in All.
isolated areas.
Reduction in the wall thickness All.
over an area exceeding 5 % of
the cylinder surface.
Crevice corrosion occurs in the When the depth of penetration
area of the intersection of the exceeds 0,2 mm or when the
foot ring or shroud with the depth of corrosion cannot be
cylinder. measured.

17
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table B.6 — Stainless steel cylinders – Other defects

Defects Description Rejection limit

Depressed bung Damage to the bung which has A limited level of
altered the profile of the depression/alignment deviation,
cylinder. as agreed by the competent
authority.
Otherwise, all.
Arc or torch burns Burning of the cylinder base All.
metal, a hardened heat affected
zone, the addition of extraneous
weld metal, or the removal of
metal by scarfing or cratering.
Fire damage Excessive general or localized All.
heating of a cylinder usually

17
indicated by:

20
— fire damage to the metal;
— distortion of the cylinder;
— melting of metallic valve G
parts;
IT
— melting of any plastic
components e.g. data ring, plug
//

or cap.
Q

Damage of handle Excessive deforming of the If there is a risk of an injury e.g.

IP

handle. finger cut.

5/

Damaged foot-ring Foot ring not firmly attached. All.

Badly deformed foot-ring. Unstable or unbalanced cylinder
to

Damaged shroud Loose or badly deformed shroud. Preventing proper operation or

tra

protection of valve.
on
C

18
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Annex C
(normative)

Specific requirements for welded aluminium LPG cylinders

Rejection limits for physical, material and other defects on the cylinder shell are given in Table C.1,
Table C.2 and Table C.3.
Table C.1 — Physical defects in the cylinder wall

Defect Description Rejection limit

Bulge Visible swelling of the cylinder. All.
Dent A depression in the cylinder that has When the depth of the dent exceeds 25 % of its
neither penetrated nor removed width at any point a.

17
metal, when its width at any point is
greater than 2 % of the external

20
cylinder diameter.
Cut or A sharp impression where metal has Where the original calculated wall thickness is
G
gouge been removed or redistributed. known:
IT
— the depth of cut or gouge is such that the
undamaged (remaining) wall is less than the
//

minimum calculated wall thickness;

Q

Where the original calculated wall thickness is

IP

not known:
— All.
5/

Dent A depression in the cylinder within When the size of the dent or cut or gouge
to

containing which there is a cut or gouge. exceeds the dimensions for rejection as an
cut or individual defect.
tra

gouge
on

Crack A split or rift in the cylinder shell. All.

Lamination Layering of the material within the All.
C

cylinder wall appearing as a

discontinuity, crack, lap or bulge at
the surface.
a Appearance (e.g. sharp dent) and location (e.g. on shoulder of the cylinder) also play a part in the evaluation
of dent severity.

19
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table C.2 — External corrosion

Type of Description Rejection limit

corrosion
General A reduction in wall — The original surface of the metal is no longer
corrosion thickness over an area recognizable; or
exceeding 20 % of the — The depth of penetration exceeds 10 % of the original
cylinder surface. thickness of wall; or
— The wall thickness is less than the minimum design
wall thickness.
Area Reduction in wall thickness — The depth of penetration exceeds 20 % of the original
corrosion over an area not exceeding thickness of the cylinder wall; or
20 % of the cylinder surface. — The wall thickness is less than the minimum design
wall thickness.

17
Chain pitting A series of pits or corroded — A total length of corrosion in any direction exceeds
or cavities of limited width the diameter of the cylinder; or

20
line or along the length or around — The depth exceeds 10 % of the original wall
channel the cylinder circumference. thickness; or
corrosion — The wall thickness is less than the minimum design
G
wall thickness.
IT
Isolated Corrosion forming isolated If the diameter of a pit is greater than 5 mm, refer to the
//

corrosion pits craters, without significant “area corrosion” row.

Q

alignment. If the diameter of a pit is less than 5 mm, the latter shall
be assessed as carefully as possible in order to check the
IP

remaining thickness of the wall or base is not less than

5/

the minimum design wall thickness.

to
tra
on
C

20
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table C.3 — Other defects

Defect Description Rejection limit

Depressed Damage to the bung which has altered the profile of All, except a limited level of
bung the cylinder. depression/alignment
deviation, as agreed by the
competent authority.
Arc or torch Burning of the cylinder base metal, a hardened heat All.
burns affected zone, the addition of extraneous weld metal,
or the removal of metal by scarfing or cratering.
Fire damage a Excessive general or localized heating of a cylinder All.
usually indicated by:
— charring or burning of paint;
— fire damage of the metal;

17
— distortion of the cylinder;
— melting of metallic valve parts;

20
— melting of any plastic components, e.g. date ring,
plug or cap.
Damaged foot- Foot ring not firmly attached.
G All.
IT
ring
Badly deformed foot-ring. Unstable or unbalanced
cylinder.
//
Q

Damaged Loose or badly deformed shroud. Preventing proper operation

shroud or protection of valve.
IP

a If paint is only superficially charred, a cylinder may be accepted by a competent person.

5/
to
tra
on
C

21
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Annex D
(normative)

Specific requirements for composite LPG cylinders

D.1 Establishment of rejection criteria

D.1.1 General

The owner of the cylinder (or their authorized representative) shall provide a written scheme to the
filling plant, which contains rejection criteria for the physical and material defects and the heat damage
to the cylinder/protective casing.
NOTE The procedure for establishing the acceptance/rejection criteria is described in D.1.2.

17
The criteria will be at least those established by the manufacturer, taking into account the design
conditions of the cylinder e.g. nature of the casing if any, nature and type of the fibre and of the resin

20
system.
The procedure and the records of the test results shall be witnessed and assessed by a competent
authority.
G
IT
The descriptions for defects and examples of rejection limits for physical, material and other defects on
the cylinder shell are given in Table D.1 and Table D.2.
//

D.1.2 Procedure
Q
IP

The rejection criteria for the defects described in Table D.1 and Table D.2 shall be established in
accordance with the following procedure for each design of cylinder as defined in EN 14427:
5/

— for each defect, four cylinders with the same defect shall be tested. The size of this defect shall be
recorded. If the defects of the cylinders are different sizes, the size of the smaller defect shall be
to

recorded;
tra

— two cylinders shall be submitted to the burst test as described in EN 14427 and two cylinders shall
on

be submitted to the pressure cycle test as described in EN 14427;

C

— if the cylinders pass the tests, the defect is acceptable. The rejection limit shall then be defined by
the size of that defect.

When all rejection criteria have been established for a design of cylinder as defined in EN 14427,
Table D.1 and Table D.2 shall be completed by the owner/manufacturer of the cylinder.

D.2 Examples of rejection criteria

D.2.1 Cylinders without a metallic liner

The rejection criteria given in Table D.1 are an example of the criteria applicable to cylinders without a
metallic liner.
NOTE References to percentages will be replaced in absolute values (in mm) for particular cylinder designs.

22
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table D.1 — Rejection criteria for external visual inspection

Defect Description Rejection limit

Abrasion Abrasion damage caused by — Depth exceeds 10 % of composite overwrap
damage or wearing, grinding or rubbing thickness; or
damage from material away by friction, see — Total length of cut(s) exceeds 50 % of the
cuts Figure D.1. diameter of the cylinder; or
Cuts or gouges caused by — Damaged area maximum diameter a exceeds
contact with sharp objects in 50 % of the diameter of the cylinder.
such a way as to cut into the
Cuts that do not sever a fibre are not included in
composite, reducing its
the above.
thickness at that point, see
Figure D.2.
Chemical Chemical attack appearing as Chemical attack resulting in damage to the resin
damage the dissolution of the resin matrix surrounding the fibres.
matrix surrounding the fibres,

17
where the cylinder surface is
sticky.

20
If the casing is not drainable,
chemical attack might appear
inside the casing. G
IT
Damage of Broken casing exceeding the A damaged cylinder shall be rejected.
protective limits defined by the Minor damage that does not affect the protecting
//

casing manufacturer. The casing shall function of the casing is acceptable. Acceptable
Q

be removed and the cylinder damage can be, for example, small cracks, see
IP

inspected. If the cylinder is not Figure D.5. If it cannot be established that the
damaged, a new casing can be cylinder is unaffected, the cylinder shall be put
5/

assembled. See Figure D.6. aside for further investigation.

Heat/fire Heat or fire damage evident by Visible damage from heat and/or fire. See
to

damage of discolouration, scarring or Figure D.7.

tra

casing or burning of the composite

cylinder overwrap, casing, labels and
on

non-metallic components of the

valve.
C

Corrosion of Severe corrosion.

bung
Delamination Inter-laminar delamination is a All.
separation of layers of strands,
while intra-laminar
delamination is separation
between strands within the
same layer. See Figure D.3 and
Figure D.4 for examples.
a The maximum diameter of the damage area is the diameter of the smallest circle that includes the damaged
area.

23
EN 1439:2017 (E)

17
20
Figure D.1 — Damage from abrasion
G
IT
//
Q
IP
5/
to
tra
on
C

Figure D.2 — Damage from cuts

24
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

17
20
Figure D.3 — Impact damage in combination with delamination and surface defects
G
IT
//
Q
IP
5/
to
tra
on
C

Figure D.4 — Delamination with no signs of surface damage

25
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Figure D.5 — Defective casing

17
20
G
IT
//
Q
IP
5/
to
tra

Figure D.6 — Defect protective casing: Broken casing

on
C

26
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

17
20
G
IT
//
Q
IP

Figure D.7 — Heat and fire damage

5/

D.2.2 Cylinders with a metallic liner

to

The rejection criteria given in Table D.2 are examples of the criteria applicable to cylinders with a liner
tra

of metallic material (welded or seamless), reinforced by fibres of glass, carbon or aramid (or a mixture
thereof).
on
C

27
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table D.2 — Rejection criteria for external visual inspection

Type of Level of damage

damage
Photo Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Acceptable Rejectable Critical damage
damage damage (not repairable)
(requiring
additional
inspections or
repairs)
Abrasion Minor abrasion Sharp edges on the —
damage damage to the protective jacket
protective that reduces its
jacket. easy-handling.
The cylinder can be

17
repaired.

20
Level 1
G
IT
//
Q
IP
5/
to

Level 2
tra

Impact Small cracks Damage from Cylinders in which

damage on the impact which only such damage that
on

protective affects the involve

jacket. protective jacket deformation of the
C

can be repaired. bung are not

repairable.

Level 1

Level 2

28
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Type of Level of damage

damage
Photo Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Acceptable Rejectable Critical damage
damage damage (not repairable)
(requiring
additional
inspections or
repairs)
There is no Any structural Abnormal bulges,
acceptable damage shall be distorted valve
structural classed as Level 3. connections,
damage. depressions not
originally designed
or if, by visual
Structural examination of the

17
damage inside of the
cylinder, there is

20
evidence of damage
involving
G deformation of the
liner.
IT
//

There is no Evident by Damage affecting

Q

acceptable discolouration, the composite

heat or fire charring or burning overwrap.
IP

damage. of the thermoplastic

5/

jacket, composite
overwrap, labels or
non-metallic
to

components of the
tra

Heat or fire Level 2 valve.

damage Where the jacket is
on

charred
superficially, the
C

cylinder is
acceptable for
repair.

Level 3
There is no Dissolution of the Cylinders in which
acceptable thermoplastic the dissolution
chemical jacket. reaches the
attack damage. Where the jacket is composite
Chemical overwrap.
attack dissolved
superficially, the
cylinder is
acceptable for
Level 2 repair.

29
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Type of Level of damage

damage
Photo Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Acceptable Rejectable Critical damage
damage damage (not repairable)
(requiring
additional
inspections or
repairs)
Any damage to Cuts or abrasive Where the cylinder
the damage of the cannot be
identification markings. identified.
label is not In the event that the
acceptable. manufacturer can
Identification accurately identify
label the cylinder, a

17
supplementary
identification

20
Level 2
marking shall be
engraved on the
G cylinder.
IT
Any bulge of Any bulge of the Visible swelling of
Bulges the cylinder is cylinder is the cylinder.
//

unacceptable. unacceptable.
Q

Any cut or Sharp impressions Damages in the

IP

gouges of the caused by sharp composite

cylinder is objects in such a overwrap.
5/

unacceptable. way to cut the

jacket.
to

If such impression
tra

is present only on
the protective
on

jacket, the cylinder

Cuts or can be repaired.
C

Gouges

30
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Annex E
(normative)

Safe filling conditions

The liquid volume and pressure of LPG in a closed receptacle is a function of temperature.
LPG cylinders shall not become liquid-full at ambient temperatures to which cylinders are likely to be
subjected.
Safe filling quantities for specific reference temperatures are given in Table E.1. These temperatures
have been chosen to accommodate the reality of the European climatic areas to reflect the average
lower temperatures of Northern Europe and the average higher temperatures in Southern Europe. This
enables competent authorities of countries who wish to trade LPG within an appropriate climatic area
to agree an appropriate reference temperature.

17
With the agreement of the national competent authorities, another reference temperature may be used,
provided that the temperature, below which the vapour shall not disappear, shall be 10 °C greater than

20
that reference temperature.
When cylinders are filled for use in areas with different reference temperatures, the level determined
G
by the highest reference temperature shall be used.
IT
Table E.1 — Safe filling quantity
//

Area I Area II Area III

Q

(RID/ADR)
IP

Reference 50 °C 45 °C 40 °C
5/

temperature
Filling ratio 0,95 0,95 0,95
to

Formula for filling ratio × density filling ratio × density filling ratio × density
tra

calculation of filling of liquid phase at of liquid phase at of liquid phase at

amount (kg/l) 50 °C 45 °C 40 °C
on

Temperature below
C

which the vapour

60 °C 55 °C 50 °C
phase shall not
disappear

31
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Annex F
(normative)

Flow diagram of the checks before, during and after filling

17
20
G
IT
//
Q
IP
5/

Figure F.1 — Flow diagram of checks before, during and after filling
to
tra
on
C

32
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Annex G
(normative)

Specific inspection procedure for over-moulded cylinder (OMC)

G.1 Application and cylinder description

This annex is applicable for over-moulded cylinders designed and manufactured in accordance with
EN 1442 or EN 14140 and periodically inspected in conformance with EN 16728, see example in
Figure H.1.
All of the requirements of this draft standard shall apply except where specific reference is made to this
Annex. These requirements are listed in the Clauses below.

G.2 Cylinders suitable for filling

17
20
Before filling, each cylinder shall be inspected according to Table G.1.
The age of the protected cylinder shall be less than the periodic inspection interval for this design of
cylinder or the protected cylinder shall be from an annual production that has been tested in
G
accordance with EN 16728.
IT
G.3 Cylinders for periodic inspection
//
Q

The selection of protected cylinders for periodic inspection shall be undertaken in conformance with
EN 16728.
IP
5/

G.4 Cylinders requiring further assessment

Damaged protected cylinders shall be reassessed in accordance with G.5.
to
tra

G.5 Reassessment of cylinders

on

Rejection criteria for physical and material defects or heat damage to the cylinder shell are contained in
Table G.1.
C

33
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Table G.1 — Defects of protected cylinders and rejection criteria before filling

Defect on Description Rejection limit

Depth > 4 mm
Casing Visible material gouge, cut or crack
Length > 10 mm
Casing Visible depression. All.
Casing Visible swelling. All.
Depth > 20 mm
Feet and Visible material gouge, cut or
Length > 50 mm
handles crack.
Missing feet
For each handle if more than one crack.
Handles Broken handles.
Parts of handle missing.
Electronic

17
Illegible tag. All.
tag

20
Excessive general or localized
heating of a cylinder usually
indicated by:
— surface charring or burning;
G
Fire damage All.
IT
— distortion of the cylinder;
— melting of metallic valve parts;
//

— melting of any plastic

Q

components, e.g. plug or cap.

IP

Depressed Damage to the bung, which has All, except a limited level of depression/alignment
5/

bung altered the profile of the cylinder. deviation, as agreed by the competent authority.
Valves Broken valves. All.
to
tra
on
C

34
 EN 1439:2017 (E)

Annex H
(informative)

Example of an Over-Moulded Cylinder

17
20
G
IT
//
Q
IP
5/
to
tra
on
C

Key
1 cylinder valve cap 7 coated steel inner pressure receptacle
2 cylinder valve 8 cylinder number
3 tare weight indication 9 identification marks and transport label
4 electronic identification tag 10 possible location for marks after periodic
inspection
5 over-moulded case
6 certification, operational and manufacturing
marks

Figure H.1 — Example of an over-moulded cylinder

35
EN 1439:2017 (E)

Bibliography

[1] EN 12807, LPG equipment and accessories - Transportable refillable brazed steel cylinders for
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) - Design and construction

[2] EN 13110, LPG equipment and accessories — Transportable refillable welded aluminium cylinders
for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) — Design and construction

[3] CEN/TS 16765, LPG equipment and accessories - Environmental considerations for CEN/TC 286
standards

[4] EN ISO 14245, Gas cylinders - Specifications and testing of LPG cylinder valves - Self-closing (ISO
14245)

[5] EN ISO 15995, Gas cylinders - Specifications and testing of LPG cylinder valves - Manually operated

17
(ISO 15995)

20
[6] RID, Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail

[7] ADR, European Agreement concerning the international carriage of Dangerous goods by Road
G
IT
//
Q
IP
5/
to
tra
on
C

36