Internet of Things

Aradhana Behura
Dept. of Computer Science Engg.
Email: aradhanabehura@gmail.com

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Books:
• Internet of Things by S K Vasudevan, A S Nagarajan, and RMD
Sundaram, Wiley
• Internet of Things :Principles and Paradigms by Rajkumar Buyaa and
Amir Vahid Dastjerdi, Elsevier.
• Internet of Things: A Hands-on approach by A Bahga and V Madisetti,
University press.
• The Internet of Things: Enabling Technologies, Platforms, and Use
cases by P Raj and A C Raman, CRC Press.

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Outline
• 1. Introduction to IoT
• 2. Introduction to Sensors, Microcontrollers, and their Interfacing
• 3. Protocols for IoT- Messaging and Transport
• 4. Protocols for IoT- Addressing and Identification
• 5. Data Analytics – Visualizing the Power of Data from IoT

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Introduction to IoT

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Definition of IoT
• IoT refers to the interconnection via the Internet of computing
devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and
receive data.
• IoT can also be defined as the analysis of data to generate a
meaningful action.
• The scope of IoT is not just limited to getting the devices connected
or networked, but its more about the exchange of meaningful
information from one device to another device for the accurate
interpretation of raw data.
• IoT is not a single technology, but a combination of technologies and
domain knowledge. So IoT is not owned by one engineering branch. It
is a reality when multiple domains come together.

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Year 2020
• Things like refrigerators, kettles, water heaters, home equipment, and
other electronic devices will be connected to the internet and there
would be 15 billion device connections. About 500 million wearables,
watches, shoes, etc. and 100 millions of implants in human / animals
would talk to internet.
• Father of IoT: kevin Ashton

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Life in an IoT ecosystem
• When you wakeup, the water heater would have hot water ready
• During your bath, the microwave would have cooked your food.
• When you lock the door of your house, the car doors would open for
you.
• Your AC would adjust based on your body temperature/ room
temperature
• The pill box would you at the time of your medicine intake.
• Your refrigerator would order milk / egg on need
• While nearing your house, the house lights would turn ON with
appropriate brightness.
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Pillars of IoT
• Based of two Important pillars: Internet & Things
• Internet ( well known term)
• Application need to support a diverse set of devices for data analysis
&knowledge extraction
• Communication protocols
• Integration of mobile devices, edge devices, and humans as controllers

• Things
• Smart devices / Sensors / Human beings
• Any device that is able to communicate with other entities making it
accessible at any time and anywhere.

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IoT Design goals

Any Time – Any

Anyone Any Service / Any business
Device

IoT

Any network Anywhere / Any location

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Why IoT ?

• Want to automate
• Want to control everything
• Want to receive more data
• Want to make things faster

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Application Area of IoT

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Characteristics of IoT
1. Connectivity
2. Intelligence and identity
3. Scalability
4. Dynamic and self-adapting
5. Architecture
6. Safety

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Contd.

10. Dynamic & self adapting

11. Self configuring
12. Interoperable communication protocol
13. Unique identity
14. Integrated into information network
Connectivity
• One of the most important requirement of IoT infrastructure
• THINGS should be connected to IoT infrastructure ( wireless
connection)
• Connection should be guaranteed anytime, anywhere, with anyone
• No connectivity – No IoT exists

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Intelligence & identity
• The extraction of knowledge from the generated data is more
important.
• Ex: the sensor generated data will be useful only when it is
interpreted properly. Each IoT device has an unique identifier called IP
address.
• The identification is helpful in tracking the object.

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Scalability
• The number of devices connected to IoT eco system is increasing day
by day.
• Any IoT setup should be capable of handling the massive growth in
number.
• The data generated is also enormous.

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Dynamic and self adapting
• IoT devices should dynamically adapt themselves to the changing
contexts or scenarios.
• Ex: a camera working in an IoT environment should be adaptable to
work in different condition and different intensity of light.

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Architecture
• IoT architecture can not be homogeneous in nature.
• It should by hybrid, supporting different manufacturer’s product to
function in the IoT network.

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safety
• There is a threat of sensitive personal details of an user getting
compromised when all his devices are connected to the internet.
• This could cause a loss to the user.
• The equipment safety is also critical.

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Dynamic & Self-Adapting
• IoT devices & systems may have the capability to dynamically
adapt with the changing contexts & take actions based on their
operating condition. User’s context or sensed enviroment.
• Example: Surveillance system comprising of a number of
surveillance cameras.
• The surveillance cameras can adapt their modes( to normal or
infra-red modes) based on whether it is day or night.
Self-Configuring
• IoT devices have the ability configure themselves( in association
with the IoT infrastructure), setup the networking, and fetch latest
software upgrades with minimal manual or user intervention.
• Ex: weather monitoring
Interoperable Communication Protocols
• Protocols can communicate with other devices and also with the
infrastructure.
Unique Identity
• Each IoT device has a unique identity and a unique identifier( such
as an IP or URI(uniform resource identifier)).
• IoT systems may have intelligent interfaces which adapt based on
the context, allow communicating withn users and the
environmental contexts.
• IoT device interfaces allow users to query the devices , monitor
their status, and control them remotely, in association with the
control, configuration and management infrastructure.
Integrated into Information Network
• IoT devices are usually integrated into the information network
that allows them to communicate & exchange data with other
devices & systems.
• IoT devices can be dynamically discovered in the network, by other
devices and/or the network, and have the capability to describe
themselves to other devices or user applications.
• EXAMPLE: A weather monitoring node can describe its monitoring
capabilities to another connected node so that they can
communicate and exchange data.
Contd.

• Integration into the information network helps in making IoT

systems “smarter” due to the collective intelligence of the
individual devices in collaboration with the infrastructure.

• Thus, the data from a large number of connected weather

monitoring IoT nodes can be aggregated and analyzed to predict
the weather.
Example IoT Ecosystem

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IoT Ecosystem

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