Social Media Addiction and Its effects on the adults in Bangladesh.

Submitted to:

Dr. Md. Rakibul Haque

Associate Professor
Department of Management Information Systems
University of Dhaka

Submitted by:

Al-amin Mojumder
I/d: 029-14-088
Section: B

Department of Management Information Systems

University of Dhaka

Submission date:14 March, 2023

Abstract:
Background: Now-a-days social media
becomes the oxygen to the adults and children
in Bangladesh. Without it they can’t a single
day. the usage of social media is alarmingly
increasing in the adults and children in
Bangladesh. Even though, using social media we
can get lots of information, can communicate
with others, also get benefits for work and
every aspect of life.
Problem statement: the aim of the study is
the social media addiction Its effects on the
adults and children in Bangladesh.
Methodology: this study is conducted through
various ways there are four tools was utilized
when doing study. Tool-1.Bergen Social-Media
Addiction Scale(BSMAS). Tool- 2Structured
interviewing questionnaire Part (1): Demographic
characteristics questionnaire. Part(2) Social media
history. Tool-3. James Robert’s screening question.
Tool- 4.Social Networking Status Scale.
Introduction:
The use of the internet, especially social media,
is increasingly sought by people all over the
world. There are 2.3 million of active social
media users in the world [ Kircaburun, K. (2016).]
and as many as 18.9% of people in Indonesia
use social media as the main reason for using
the internet [Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet
Indonesia. (2018).]. Social media is a medium for
interacting with its users, such as Facebook,
Instagram, Whatsapp, Twitter, Youtube, and
others [. Manning, J. (2014).][ O’Keefe, G. S., Clarke-
Pearson, K. (2011).]. The benefits of social media
can be used as a medium for interaction,
communication, sharing of ideas and
information, entertainment, and self-
development [3] [4]. The many benefits of using
social media make social media popular among
many people. One of the fans of social media
are adolescents. They are one of the biggest
users of social media and smartphones. Social
media addiction is a form of Internet addiction
in which adolescent are compelled to use social
media in excessive amounts. Adolescents who
are addicted to social networking are frequently
unnecessarily worried with it and are motivated
by an uncontrollable need to log in to utilize it
[4]
. Mood, perception, physical and emotional
responses, and behavioural and psychiatric
disorders are all signs of social network
addiction. According to reports, about 12% of
adolescent on social networking platforms
suffer from social media addiction.
Social media addiction is a compulsive behavior
in the use of social media so that the symptoms
of addictive behavior appear [Hawi, N. S., &
Samaha, M. (2017).]. There are six components of
addiction, namely salience, which is the
behavior of a person who is focused on
something. Mood modification, namely carrying
out these activities to get a pleasant feeling.
Tolerance, which is when someone increases
certain activities to get the same feeling when
they firstly use them. Withdrawal symptoms,
when the activity is stopped, a person will
experience physical and psychological
discomfort. Conflict is when a person
experiences interpersonal and intrapersonal
problems due to using social media and relapse,
namely repeating the behavior [Griffiths, M. D.,
&Kuss, D. (2017).].
Adolescents who experience social-media
addiction have problems forming
relationships and social interactions [Oberst,
U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M., & Chamarro,
A. (2017)]. Awkwardness, shyness, and less
ability to express themselves when
interacting with others are the
characteristics of low self- esteem [Febrina, T.
D., Suharso, P. L., & Saleh, A. Y. (2018). ]. Someone
with low self-esteem tends to have difficulty
interacting and communicating directly with
people. (Casale, S., &Banchi, V. (2020). This means
that self-esteem can be a predictor of social-
media addiction behavior.
Research purpose:
The purpose of this study is to find the
effects of social media and addiction of
social media among adults. And why they
are so interested to today’s social media.
And To understand, due to social media
addiction how they restraining themselves
from the world.
Research objective:
The objective of this study is
1. The average usage of social media
on a daily basis.
2. To find the impact of adult’s life due
to social media.
Research question:
This study has question that will be
answered
1. Why teenagers step into social
media and gets addicted and the
addiction level in their life.
2. The effects of social media addiction
in their life
Literature Review: Social-media can be
online networks that
characterized as those
allow individual users to create public profiles,
interact with other online users and meet new
ones (Kuss & Griffiths, 2011). The social media
platforms like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter,
Instagram and WhatsApp have allowed people,
particularly young adults, to interact instantly
with the world (Dalvi-Esfahani et al., 2019).
Over that last decade, there has been a
significant cultural change in social media
and also the usage of it. Now It is very
common to spend time each day checking
your social media feeds. Social media
scrolling is normal for most people,
although somewhat time-consuming. For
someone or even most of teenagers
become addicyeto social media very easily.
So social media is an addiction.
Social media addiction is a behavioral
addiction characterized as being overly
concerned about social media and driven by
an uncontrollable urge to log on to or use
social media. Social media addicts spend so
much time on their social apps that it
impairs other important life areas.
Social media platforms such as Facebook,
Snapchat, and Instagram produce the same
neural circuitry caused by gambling and
recreational drugs. A constant stream of
retweets, likes, and shares affects the
brain's reward area and triggers the same
kind of chemical reaction as other drugs,
such as cocaine. Some neuroscientists have
compared social media interaction to a
syringe of dopamine being injected straight
into the system.
Social media addiction has negative effect
on interpersonal relationships. Social media
addiction also causes depression in people who
often gets addicted to social networking sites
when compared to the people who don’t. Social
media addiction main affect was being able to
communicate with others in real life. It creates
changes in socialization. In other words social
media addiction involves both tolerance and
withdrawal.
Methodology:
Research Design: the research design of
this study were the Exploratory Research
design(Survey Research) where it seeks the
insights into the nature of a problem, the
possible decision alternatives , and relevant
variables that need to considered.
Extent of research interference: the
conducting the study researcher had
minimal influenced over the participants.
Study Setting and Unit of Analysis: for the
research purposes, the study setting this
this research was non-contrived settings
where natural events proceed normally.
and unit of Analysis was the individual. As
data was collected individually.
Time Horizon: The conducting the study
data was collected in a cross sectional way
where data was collected for only once.
To conduct the study I used four tools.
those are:
Tool-1: Bergen Social-Media Addiction
Scale(BSMAS). Tool-2. Structured interviewing
questionnaire Part (1): Demographic
characteristics questionnaire. Part (2) Social
media history. Tool-3. James Robert’s screening
question. Tool- 4. Social Networking time Status
Scale.
Tool-1: BSMAS: Developed by Andreassen et
al.,
[14] to measure the participants’ addictive use
of social media. It included 6 items concern
experiences occurring over the past year. The
original English version was compared with the
back translated version to resolve any
discrepancies between them. “The researchers
translated the scale into Arabic,
which was then back-translated into English by
another researcher.
Tool-2: Demographic characteristics consists of
related data as age, gender, child's rank,
residence, governorate name, and academic
year. Social-media history Which involved daily
use of social media/ hours, duration of social
media uses, number of accounts, availability of
monthly internet package and internet at
home(wi-fi)
Tool-3: James Robert introduced some
question on indentifying the social media
addiction on adults like- Salience Tolerance,
Euphoria Withdrawal, Relapse, Conflict.
Participants:
for this study the participants were the
teenagers, college and university going students
and some children parents also included in this
study purposes
Respondents
Based on my theoretical framework, I
developed statements related to social
networking addiction level in Bangladesh. The
study is intended to determine the addiction
level of social media among adults in
Bangladesh. Therefore, the summated
assessment procedure proposed by (5)Likert
(1932) was used to develop the present scale.
I identified 15 items related to social networking
usage \. all of the variables are aligned so they
could all be answered using a 5-point Likert
scale, with each statement rated on five
anchors, (Very Often=5, Often=4, Sometimes=3,
Rarely=2 and Very Rarely=1). It is much helpful
for these items to be strong when used in a
Likert format (6).
a group of respondents were recruited from all
over the country. The total number of
respondents in the study comprised 70 adults
(i.e. N =70), 54 male(76.1%) and 16(22.5%)
females, who were selected via random
sampling technique.
 In the initial study questionnaires were
distributed through online, and merely 71
participants’ responses were returned.
The returned questionnaires were carefully
checked for comprehensiveness, respondent
detachment, misplaced outliers and values (7.
Hair et al. 2010). One questionnaire was
rejected due to missing information. The final
and scoured dataset contained of 69 responses
out of 71 adults, 54 male and 16 females.

Data Collection Tool

For the study conduct, the data were collected by
google forms through questionnaire from adults
all over the country and In this study, the
addiction factor of “Social Networking Status
Scale”, developed by (8.) Arslan and Kırık (2013:
223-231), and BSMAS: Developed by Andreassen
et al., were used.
The reliability and validity tests had been
conducted also. Besides addiction factor, it also
consisted of ethics and convergence factors.
Addiction factor consists of 14 items which are
used as the data collection tool in this study. And
70 participants participated in this study.

Data Analysis And Findings

In this section of the study, the findings of the
survey type research model are presented.
Findings include social media addiction scores
with respect to gender, ,
daily time spent on the social media and also
include detailed frequency and percentage data
of each item.

From all over the country several adults were

picked up randomly as participants. The sample
comprises of adults from different division
from the country covering college
students(2.8%), under graduated(88.7%), and
employed(5.6%) and unemployed(1.4%) adults
particularly in the age range of 17-28.
Participants were motivated to complete the
questionnaire with humble request.
 Table:6
Table:4 Questionnaires Daily Usage Adults Frequencie Avg
Std. Sample
Deviation Size(N)
Count s%
very rarely 3 4.2%
Have You e ve r trie d to
rarely 6 8.5%
cut down on the use of 70
sometimes 27 38.0% 3.42 0.957
social me dia without
often 26 36.6%
success?
very often 8 11.3%
very rarely 5 7.0%
Have you use social
me dia so much that it rarely 7 9.9%
has had a ne gative sometimes 18 25.4% 3.6 1.218 70
impact on your often 19 26.8%
job/ studie s
very often 21 29.6%
very rarely 11 15.5%
Howofte n do you lose rarely 17 23.9%
sleep due to be ing sometimes 27 38.0% 2.72 1.115 70
Table 4 shows the social media usage among online? often 10 14.1%
very often 5 7.0%
female and male adults. 32% of male and 16% very rarely 11 15.5%
female use social media 3-4 hours daily. And 26% You fee l an urge to use rarely 0 0.0%
70
social me dia more and sometimes 26 36.6% 3.31 1.243
of male and 0.4% female use their social media 5- more often 20 28.2%
7 hours very often
very rarely
12
4
16.9%
5.6%
Do lose track of how rarely 10 14.1%
much you are using sometimes 14 19.7% 3.5 1.100 70
And lastly 5% male and 3% female use social social me dia often 31 43.7%
media daily more than 7 hours. It can be said that very often 11 15.5%
1-2hours 9 12.7%
Male are little bit ahead in terms of addiction How many hours you 3-4hours 34 47.9%
70
level than female. spe nd on social media? 5-7 hours 21 29.6% 2.34 0.814

more than 7hours 6 8.5%

Table:5 Do You spend a lot of very rarely

rarely
17
14
23.9%
19.7%
time thinking about
sometimes 23 32.4% 2.58 1.173 70
social media or planning
often 13 18.3%
how to use it?
very often 3 4.2%
Have You be come very rarely 7 9.9%
restless or troubled if rarely 16 22.5%
sometimes 27 38.0% 2.91 1.046 70
you are prohibited from
often 16 22.5%
using social me dia?
very often 4 5.6%
very rarely 23 32.4%
Whe n you doe snt have rarely 13 18.3%
access to social me dia, sometimes 16 22.5% 2.47 1.293 70
how do you fee l often 14 19.7%
very often 4 5.6%
very rarely 19 26.8%
You use social media in rarely 11 15.5%
Table 5 shows the daily social media usage orde r to forget about sometimes 19 26.8% 2.62 1.230 70
personal problems. often 19 26.8%
among 17-28 years old adolescents. Here 7% of very often 2 2.8%
17-20 years, 37% people of 21-24 and 4% of 25- Absolutely not
I don’t think so
36
11
50.7%
15.5%
How often in the last
28 years old adults tends use social 3-4 hours and year have you use d
I’ve been “told off”a
and 4% of 17-20 range and 26% of 21-24 years social me dia so much couple of times
18 25.4%
1.9 1.065 70
that it has had a
people use social media 5-7 hours daily.7% of 21- negative impact on your Only with certain
4 5.6%
24 years adults and 1% 25-28 years adults use re lationships? people
Yes, quite a bit 1 1.4%
social media more than 7 hours. There are only Does use of the social very rarely 15 21.1%
12% people of age-group 21-24 years who use media re sult in failures rarely 17 23.9%
to fulfill major role sometimes 23 32.4% 2.41 1.183 70
social media 1-2 hours. It can be said that 21-24 obligations at work, often 10 14.1%
age group are somehow addicted on social media school, or home? very often 5 7.0%
Have you eve r said no to very rarely 19 26.8%
compared to other age groups an activity with your rarely 25 35.2%
sometimes 12 16.9% 2.61 1.291 70
family or friends due to
often 6 8.5%
social networking site s?
very often 8 11.3%
Have you e ver ignored a very rarely 14 19.7%
re sponsibility like rarely 15 21.1%
sometimes 27 38.0% 2.63 1.106 70
home work or chore s due
often 11 15.5%
to social media site s?
very often 3 4.2%
From the Table:6 the scale items with the highest Table:7
average are 2,5,1 respectively. The 2nd items
stating “Have you use social media so much that
it has had a negative impact on your job/studies”
that has average of 3.60. 5 th items saying “Do lose
track of how much you are using social media”
which has average of 3.50. 1 st items scale refer to
“Have You ever tried to cut down on the use of
social media without success?” has an average of
3.42.

It also can be seen from the Table:6 that- the Convergent Validity
social media addiction level questionnaire items
of 11,6,12 with lowest average. The 11 th items
Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, calculated to
stating “How 4 in the last year have you used
identify levels of significance between factors,
social networking sites so much that it has had a
revealed higher levels of significant positive
negative impact on your relationships?” has
correlations for all dimensions of social
average of 1.90. 6th scale items refer to “How
networking usage (Social Impact, Behavioral
many hours you spend on social media?” has an
Change, Time spent, Mental health) with total
average of 2.34. the lasty 12th item stating “Does
score of social networking usage. The
your use of the social media result in failures to
interrelationship of these dimensions and the
fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or
total scores, calculated as suggested by Overbeek,
home?” having an average of 2.41.
Scholte, de Kemp, & Engels (2007), and found to
be .605 to .788, suggest convergent validity of
Reliability Analysis
social networking addiction level and usage
questionnaire. This has been shown in Table:8
Usually, The Cronbach’s alpha is used to measure the
internal consistency among the items. According to
(9.) Gliem & Gilem (2003), the reliability coefficient Table:8
Alpha normally ranges between 0 and 1. The rule of
thumb specified by (10). George & Mallery (2003) for
interpreting Cronbach’s alpha is that “above 0.80 is
acceptable.” Hence, the present scale Cronbach’s
alpha of social networking usage (α= .860), indicates
good internal reliability. So, my reliability analysis
suggests that social networking usage questionnaires
is internally consistent. The reliability calculations are
presented in Table 7.
Discussion:
The current studies provided empirical support
that social media addiction was negatively
associated with college students’ mental health
and academic performance (Pantic et al., 2012;
Jelenchick et al., 2013). Furthermore, in line with
previous findings that social media addiction
negatively affects self-esteem (Andreassen et al.,
2017; Błachnio, et al., 2016;
Chou & Edge, 2012; Vogel et al., 2014) and that
low self-esteem is associated with mental
disorders (Orth et al., 2008; Orth & Robins, 2013;
Sowislo & Orth, 2013), the current research
yielded the first empirical finding that self-esteem
mediated the relation of social media addiction to
mental health.
Furthermore, the implementation of an
intervention based on the cognitive-behavioral
approach (.Young, 1999, 2007; (Gupta et al.,
2013) effectively reduced social media addiction
and improved mental health and academic
efficiency.
Here we can see from the table 6 that a 13% of
the adults use social media 1-2 hours in their
daily life where 48% adults use social media daily
around 3-4 hours which is moderate level usage
and 30% of the adults out of 70 peoples.
The present study differs from Scott, et al. [21],
who studied ''Social media use and adolescent
sleep patterns: crosssectional findings from the
UK millennium cohort study'' and mentioned that
the (31.6%, n = 3720) were average social media
use was 1 to <3 hours per day. 33.7% were
classed as low users (<1hours: n=3986); 13.9%
were classed as high users (3 to <5hours:
n=160220.8% were classed as very high users
(5+hours: n=2203)
Al so it can be seen that 32% of the total
population when they don’t have access to the
internet they feel nothing or agitated, and 18%
out of 70 people feel like relaxed it doesn’t bother
them and 23 % of the people feel like bored when
they can’t use social media. And only 20% of
people feel like they are missing something when
they cant use social media. Only merely 6% of
people fell agitated and anxious when they are
unable to use their social media.
There are also 5% of people very rarely lost how
much time they use the social media. And 14% of
out of 70 people they rarely lost of time while
using social media. And 20% out of 70 peoples are
tend to sometimes forget how much they are
using social media. And 48% of adults often have
no idea of time while browsing social media, and
20% of people are very often lost of their time
how much they use social media daily.
There are also some people where 15% of people
very rarely lose their sleeping time in their life
whereas, 24% of people have rarely lost their
sleeping track due to social media use. And 38%
adults sometimes lost their sleep due to being on
online. 14% of adults often hamper their sleep due
to being online. And 7% of people very often
sleeps than their daily hours due to social media
usage .
My Contribution:
My Contribution The theoretical benefit of this
research is to become additional knowledge to
the pre-existing knowledge, information, theory
and data, and to contribute to the knowledge
social-media addiction among adolescents. The
practical benefits of this research are adding
insight and experience to researchers and
adolescent of social media users in discussing
about social influence, mental health, personal
relationship and social-media addiction.
 Conclusion:
The present study showed that there is
moderate social media addiction level at age
level 21-24 groups and and their social media
usage level were the 3-4 hours daily and out of
70 adults more than 50 % have lost their
sleeping or usually sleeps late due to being
online. And out 70 male and female
participants 50% of them have very minimal
negative effect on their relationship due to use
of social media.
Recommendations
Recommendations Based on the findings of this
study, the following recommendations are
derived:
1. Adolescent students should be aware of the
effect of social media use addiction on their
life.
2. 2. Continues educational programs regularly
are suggested to identify adolescent's
student acceptable uses of social media and
reinforce proper use for social media
accounts.
3. Further research design needs to determine
causative factors and more risky groups to
social media use addiction.
4. Parents need to be aware of how many
hours their child using social media.
Limitation
Limitation of the study The studied samples
were mostly under-graduated students, and
replicating this study for targeting other
student populations should be made to
generate a more relationship among the
constructs examined in this study.
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