The skull shape and the main part of the foot is roughly the same

The Jaw of the skull and the overall shape is mostly different. The skull size is also bigger

In the hyracotherium there are multiple legs and on modern day there is only one leg
f
d
c
b
e
a

E
F
C
D

A
B
 Grows arms and legs and other physical features
Grows beak and feathers and legs
Rabbits grow big ears and have big feet
Grows short arms and legs and a tail and a bigger shell

Grows arms, legs, and a tail, but stays decently small

Grows gills and fins

The tortoise-human embryo are all in the same position and are roughly the same size, and all of them have back bones

Yes, because they are similar in some physical ways. They can be used by examining some of their fossils and finding the
relation between them
 Swimming

Running, walking, and jumping

Flying and flapping wings

Walking and hopping

Swimming and walking/crawling

Curved humerus, shorter thinner humerus and Movement of cat involves jumping and
ulna and radius, smaller metacarpals and running, smaller for agility and balancing on
phalanges small ledges, no thumbs for grasping since
they use claws and teeth for this.

Thinner humerus, ulna, radius, smaller carpals, Bones are smaller so that there is less weight
longer and thinner metacarpals and phalanges in flight, long metacarpals and phalanges to
extend wings

Slightly shorter humerus, ulna, radius; Bones are thinner for flight, more aerodynamic
metacarpals fused together, fewer but pointy and light
phalanges 

Shorter, thicker humerus, ulna and radius, larger Thicker legs to support heavy weight and long
carpals, pointy phalanges metacarpals for swimming
 Flying and gliding

2 pieces of the wing in butterfly whereas many feathers in a bird’s wing. There are bones in a bird’s wing and non in
the butterfly.

Cave fish lack eyes and scales

It’s in a dark environment all of the time and so no need for sight. This adaptation would not have given it an
advantage and therefore was not selected for.

Sensitivity to motion/vibration/electrical impulses/sound/smell/taste

 Crocodile leg, human arm Human and cat front legs

Butterfly and bird wing or bat wing

Thumb of a whale fin

Extra grinding ability for vegetation

Store “good” bacteria to fight infections or digest cellulose

Better hearing by changing direction of ears

Keeping warm and trap pheromones/oil on body

Balance/clinging on rocks/trees

Rear stabilizing rim, balance

Organisms having vestigial structures probably share a common ancestry with organisms in which the homologous
structure is functional.
5 14

7 8

11 1

9 4