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June 15
Hundreds of
February 4-5
citizens January 31 to
U.S. troops fire
assemble in June 28
the first shots of
May 1 Boston to September 15 Senate Committee
the war, killing
Admiral oppose the The Congress on the Philippines
three Filipino
April Dewey annexation of the First soldiers triggering chaired by
Filipinos destroys of the Philippine November 13
fighting between imperialist
resume their the Philippines Republic Filipinos switch
U.S. troops and Republican Henry
independence Spanish and organize creates the first from
Filipino
struggle! fleet in the Anti- republican conventional to Cabot Lodge
independence
against Spain. Manila Imperialist constitution in guerilla war. conducts hearings!
forces.
Bay. movement. Asia. on the war. !

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April 19 May 25 December 10 February

February 15 February July 4
Congress by a The first In the Treaty of Mark Twain
The There were over President
vote of 311 to 6 in U.S. Paris, Spain frees publishes “To the
battleship 1,000 engagements Theodore
the House, and volunteer Cuba, cedes Person Sitting in
U.S.S. between U.S. and Roosevelt
42 to 35 in the troops Porto Rico and Darkness”, his
Maine Filipino forces in the declares
Senate, adopts a leave San Guam to the satire on U.S.
explodes in first year of war. victory in the
joint resolution for Francisco U.S., and sells imperialism in the
Havana the Philippines to Philippines
Harbor. war with Spain. for the Philippines, in the
President Philippines the U.S. for $20 but a guerrilla
North American
McKinley signs it million. war
Review.
the next day and continues
calls for 125,000 until 1915.
volunteers for 1
year of active
duty.
 Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899

This famous poem, written by Britain's imperial poet, was a response to the American
takeover of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. Read the poem to yourself
THREE TIMES before beginning to answer the questions.

Take up the White Man's burden--

Send forth the best ye breed-- Vocabulary
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need; Burden: a heavy responsibility
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild-- Breed: children
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child. Harness: boring daily work

Take up the White Man's burden-- Fluttered: unsteady

And reap his old reward:
The blame of those ye better, Folk: people
The hate of those ye guard--
The cry of hosts ye humour Sullen: bad-tempered; gloomy
(Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--
"Why brought he us from bondage, Cloak: hide
Our loved Egyptian night?"

Take up the White Man's burden--

Ye dare not stoop to less--
Nor call too loud on Freedom
To cloak your weariness;
By all ye cry or whisper,
By all ye leave or do,
The silent, sullen peoples
Shall weigh your gods and you.

Guiding Questions:

1. According to Kipling, what is the “White Man’s Burden?”

The white mans burden is having to give up your children and serve your people.

2. Based on this poem, how did imperialists (people who supported annexation) think of the
people in the countries they were taking over (i.e., Cuba, Philippines, etc.)?
They thought of them as subjects and servants to them, or people that would work
for them and give up their lives for the betterment of the imperialists.
3. Kipling supported U.S. annexation of the Philippines. What might someone say who
opposed annexation say about Kipling’s argument in the “White Man’s Burden?”
They might say that the U.S has not burden when annexing the Philippines, but the people that are being
annexed have the most burden because they need to serve their new rulers and give up their resources for them.

STANFORD HISTORY EDUCATION GROUP sheg.stanford.edu

 Name_________________

Clues for Cartoon Analysis

Source:

Pro-Imperialism Magazines: Judge and Puck

Anti-Imperialism Magazines: Life and The World

Context: Use your timeline and textbook!

Additional clues for Set B:

William McKinley was President at the start of the Philippine-American War. He supported expansion
and thought it was his duty to civilize the Filipinos.

Additional clues for Set C:

Columbia is a symbol of American liberty.

Additional clues for Set D:

Uncle Sam is a symbol of the United States.

Additional clues for Set E:

In the 1880s and 1890s, hundreds of African Americans were lynched in the United States.

Additional clues for Set F:

You will need to look at a map of the world to see how close the Philippines are to China.
 Name_________________

Philippine-American War Political Cartoons Graphic Organizer

Cartoon Source: Context: Main characters/ symbols:

Publication/ Date What else was going on at this What do you see in this cartoon? Overall message
time that relates to this cartoon?
Is this magazine (Use your timeline and textbook for
pro or anti- background information)
imperialism?
Example 1 Judge, 1899 U.S. begins war in Philippines; White men (Uncle Sam and America and England are helping
Rudyard Kipling publishes the guy who represents to “civilize” people
Pro-Imperialist ‘White Man’s Burden’ England) carrying baskets of
people of color towards
“Civilization”
Example 2 Life, 1899 U.S. begins war in Philippines; Uncle Sam and a The United States is using the
Rudyard Kipling publishes servant/slave (Uncle Sam is Fillipinos as workers and
Anti-Imperialist ‘White Man’s Burden’ piggie backing off of the servants to them to they can
Fillipinos and reaping the benefit and gain off of them.
benefit from it)
Puck, 1899 U.S. troops fire the first shots of Uncle Sam and America is trying to
the war, killing three Filipino
D
SET ___ soldiers triggering fighting between
Fillipino/White Children "reprogram" the Fillipino
Pro-Imperialist U.S. troops and Filipino (Uncle sam is scolding the children to become servants
1
Cartoon ____ independence forces. Fillipino children and the and work for America
White children are
peacefully reading

Judge, 1899 U.S. troops fire the first shots Uncle Sam and a Fillipino America is forcing the
E of the war, killing three man (Uncle Sam is holding Fillipinos to yeild to them
SET ___ Filipino soldiers triggering the Fillipino against a rock without rights and to
1
Cartoon ___
fighting between U.S. troops with a musket) work/serve them so that they
and Filipino independence can benefit off of it.
forces.